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《英雄凱旋歌》教案
教學目標：一、“情感態(tài)度與價值觀”目標。1、通過自主學唱歌曲《英雄凱旋歌》，產生對柯達伊音樂教學法的興趣并樂于參與到音樂實踐中。2、通過二聲部合唱，產生對和聲的美繼續(xù)追求的愿望。二、“過程與方法”目標?！皹嫵犚簟鷮嵺`→總結”自主學唱歌曲。三、“知識與技能”目標。1、初步形成首調唱名法中7個音的音高概念。2、能夠音準準確的構唱《英雄凱旋歌》中的音程。3、音準準確有感情的演唱歌曲《英雄凱旋歌》。4、能夠視唱簡單的二聲部。教學難點：1、構唱《英雄凱旋歌》中的音程。2、大小二度變化音的演唱。3、一字多音的演唱。4、二聲部的合唱實踐。
《英雄凱旋歌》教案
教學過程：（一）創(chuàng)設情境。課間反復播放《英雄凱旋歌》音樂。【設計意圖】讓學生在無意間融入對音樂旋律的初步記憶。（二）新課講解。1、復習C大調音階。（3分鐘）（1）教師用鋼琴彈一遍，上下行。學生聽，在心中默唱。（教師提示學生注意鋼琴的音色及音準。）（2）學生模仿鋼琴的音色、音準跟琴輕聲唱。（3）學生模仿鋼琴的音色、音準無琴輕聲唱。（4）運用柯達伊手勢輔助唱音階，通過手勢的提醒，進一步提高音準?！驹O計意圖】鞏固音階，唱準每一個音。2、學唱歌曲旋律。（20分鐘）（1）根據老師所給手勢唱音名。（2）給第一個音，揮拍視唱《英雄凱旋歌》旋律。（3）解決視唱過程中遇到的難點。（例如：變化音、節(jié)奏、寬音程等）。（4）給第一個音，揮拍完整、流暢的再次視唱《英雄凱旋歌》旋律。（5）學生自己加歌詞演唱歌曲。發(fā)現一字多音的演唱難點，教師進行引導解決，并提示演唱時的聲音位置、咬字、情感表達?！驹O計意圖】通過柯達伊手勢練習構唱音高、完成歌曲旋律視唱，達到音準準確有感情的演唱歌曲的目的。(三)拓展實踐。1、聽音練習，簡譜填寫學案中的二聲部唱名。（5分鐘）（1）第一遍聽。（2）第二遍檢查。（3）請一位學生唱出自己所聽答案，教師在演唱過程中，用手勢公布正確答案，其他同學較對這位同學正確與否，并對自己的答案進行糾正。
登高教案 3篇
一、激趣導入 多媒體顯示寫杜甫的對聯： 詩史數千言，秋天一鵠先生骨;草堂三五里，春水群毆野老心?！ ?、提問：同學們知道這幅對聯是寫誰的嗎?請大家回憶一下我們學過他的那些作品?能背誦一首我們共同欣賞嗎?(學生背誦)今天我們來學習他的另一首詩歌《登高》(板書)
新人教版高中英語必修3Unit 3 Diverse Cultures-Reading for Writing教學設計
The topic of this part is “Describe a place with distinctive cultural identity”.This section focuses on Chinese culture by introducing Chinatown, whose purpose is to show the relationship between the Chinese culture and American culture. The Chinese culture in Chinatown is an important part of American culture. Chinatown is an important window of spreading Chinese culture and the spirit homeland of oversea Chinese, where foreigners can experience Chinese culture by themselves.Concretely, the title is “Welcome to Chinatown!”, from which we can know that the article aims at introducing Chinatown. The author used the “Introduction--Body Paragraph--Conclusion” to describe the people, language, architecture, business, famous food and drinks and people’s activities, which can be a centre for Chinese culture and shows its unique charm.1. Read quickly to get main idea; read carefully to get the detailed information.2. Learn the characteristics of writing and language.3. Learn to introduce your own town according to the text.4. Learn to correct others’ writing.1. Learn the characteristics of writing and language.2. Learn to introduce your own town according to the text.Step 1 Lead in ---Small talkIn the reading part, we mentioned the Chinatown of San Francisco. How much do you know about Chinatown of San Francisco ?Chinatown is a main living place for Chinese immigrants, where you can see many Chinese-style buildings, costumes, operas, restaurants, music and even hear Chinese.Step 2 Before reading ---Predict the contentWhat is the writer’s purpose of writing this text ? How do you know ?From the title(Welcome to Chinatown) and some key words from the text(tourist, visit, visitors, experience), we can know the purpose of the text is to introduce Chinatown and show the relationship between Chinese culture and American culture.
新人教版高中英語必修3Unit 3 Diverse Cultures-Discovering Useful Structure教學設計
Step 4 PracticeRead the conversation. Find out which words have been left out.Justin: Linlin, I’m going to Guizhou Province next month. I’m super excited! Any recommendations for places to visit?Linlin: Wow, cool! Guizhou is a province with a lot of cultural diversity. Places to visit...well, definitely the Huangguoshu Waterfall first.Justin: What’s special about the waterfall?Linlin: Well, have you ever heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West ?Justin: Yes, I have. Why ?Linlin: In the back of the waterfall, you will find a cave, which is the home of the Monkey King.Justin: Really? Cool! I’ll definitely check it out.Linlin:And I strongly recommend the ethnic minority villages. You’ll find Chinese culture is much more diverse than you thought.Justin:Sounds great, thanks.Answers:Justin: Linlin, I’m going to Guizhou Province next month. I’m super excited! Do you have any recommendations for places to visit?Linlin: Wow, that’s cool! Guizhou is a province with a lot of cultural diversity. What are some places to visit in Guizhou ? Well, definitely the Huangguoshu Waterfall is the first place to visit in Guizhou Province.Justin: What’s special about the waterfall?Linlin: Well, have you ever heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West ?Justin: Yes, I have heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West . Why do you ask if I have heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West?Linlin: In the back of the waterfall, you will find a cave, which is the home of the Monkey King from Journey to the West.Justin: That’s really true? It’s Cool! I’ll definitely check it out.Linlin:And I strongly recommend the ethnic minority villages on your trip to Guizhou Province. You’ll find Chinese culture is much more diverse than you thought it was.Justin:This all sounds great, thanks.
新人教版高中英語必修3Unit 3 Diverse Cultures-Listening &Speaking＆Talking教學設計
1. In Picture 1 and Picture 2, where do you think they are from? How do you know?From their wearings, we can know they are from ethnic minority of China--- Miao and Dong.Picture 1, they are playing their traditional instrument lusheng in their traditional costumes.Picture 2. the girls are Miao because they wear their traditional costumes and silver accessory.2. In Picture 3, can you find which village it is? What time is it in the picture?It is Dong village. It is at night. Step 2 While-listeningJustin met a new friend while traveling in Guizhou. Listen to their conversation and complete the summaries below.Part 1Justin and Wu Yue watched some Miao people play the lusheng. The instrument has a history of over 3,000 years and it is even mentioned in the oldest collection of Chinese poetry. Then they watched the lusheng dance. Justin wanted to buy some hand-made silver/traditional accessories as souvenirs. He was told that the price will depend on the percentage of silver. Part 2They will go to a pretty Dong minority village called Zhaoxing. they will see the drum towers and the wind and rain bridges. They may also see a performance of the Grand Song of the Dong people.Step 3 Post-listening---TalkingWork in groups. Imagine Justin is telling some friends about his trip to Guizhou. One of you is Justin and the rest of you are his friends. Ask Justin questions about his trip and experience. The following expressions may help you.
新人教版高中英語必修3Unit 5 The Value of Money- Discovering Useful Structure教學設計
Step 3 Meaning1. 過去將來時表示從過去某一時間來看將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài), 常用在賓語從句中。一般由“would/should +動詞原形”構成。She hoped that they would meet again someday. 她希望將來有一天他們能再見面。2. was/were going to+動詞原形: 表示過去將要發(fā)生或很有可能發(fā)生的動作, 常用于口語中, 表示預言、意圖或者打算等。He was going to start work the following week. 他打算下星期開始工作。3. was/were about to do: 常用來表示即將發(fā)生的動作, “剛要/正要做……”。注意該結構不與任何時間狀語連用。I felt that something terrible was about to happen. 我感到某種可怕的事情即將發(fā)生。4.was/were to do: 表示“曾計劃做某事”, 如果表示“本來計劃做某事, 動作沒實現”, 則需用 “was/were to have done”。She said she was to have told me about the accident. 她說她本來想告訴我關于事故的事。5.Start, go, come, leave, see, meet等動詞的過去進行時: 表示就過去某一時刻而言即將發(fā)生的動作。She was coming later. 她隨后就來。I had just put on my overcoat and was leaving to visit a friend of mine. 我剛穿上外套要去看我的一個朋友。
新人教版高中英語必修3Unit 5 The Value of Money-Listening &Speaking＆Talking教學設計
4. A：We’d like to have someone to say a word at the beginning to welcome the group.B：↙Who?A：We thought that you or Dr.Johnson might do it.B用降調說Who，其意思是問，對方想讓誰在開場時致歡迎詞。Step 6 Pronunciation---Practice1. Listen to the short conversation and mark the intonation with ↗, ↙ or ↙, ↗. Then discuss with a partner what they intend to convey by using different intonation.Owner: You know what ?↗ It’s a million-pound bank note↙.Waiter 1: Really ?↗(question)Waiter 2: Really !↙(unbelievable and surprised)Waiter 3: Really ?!↙↗(first question then surprised)2. Listen to the conversations. Underline the parts that are stressed and mark the intonation. Then talk about the implied meanings of the responses with different intonations. Listen again and repeat.1) Henry: It’s a nice suit.Owner: Oh, it’s perfect!↙(The intonation means it is very suitable for Henry.)2) Henry: Well, that’s very kind of you.Owner: Kind, sir ?↗(what you said is not right) No, it’s kind of you. You must come whenever you want and have whatever you like. Just having you sit here is a great honour !!↙(welcome you to come again)3)Henry:Well, to be honest, I have none. Oliver:(happily) What luck!(excited) Brother↗, what luck!↙(It means “Didn’t you hear it?”)Henry: Well, it may seem lucky to you but not to me!↗(angry) If this is your idea of some kind of joke, I don’t think it’s very funny. Now if you’ll excuse me, I ought to be on my way.↙(If so, I would leave.)Roderick: Please don’t go↙...(hope Henry can wait for a moment)Part B Viewing and Talking---Describe people’s changing attitudes in a film clipStep 1 Before-listening---Tell the filmYou are going to watch part of the film The Million Pound Bank Note. Look at these photos and guess what happens in the film.
新人教版高中英語必修3Unit 5 The Value of Money-Listening &Speaking教學設計
Step 4: Listen again and decide if the following statements are true (T) or false (F).1 It was the first time Chen Liyan's story was reported. T口 F口2 Chen found 10,000 yuan in a small plastic bag in Taiyuan railway station口 F口3 Wang Zheng apologized to Chen because he couldn't offer her more money. T口 F口4 Chen took out a large loan to cure her daughter, T口 F口5 Wang set up a fundraising website for Chen's daughter after Chen told him about her situation. T口 F口Step 5：After listening, discuss the questions.1 What kind of person do you think Chen Liyan is?Chen Liyan is generous and honest because she returned a large sum of money to the owner.2 Did Chen return the money because she didn't need it?No. She returned the money because it was the right thing to do. Evidence for this is that she refused to accept the reward money because she felt that it had not been earned. 3 Is it common for people to do what Chen did?It depends on the culture. In some countries it is quite common to return money that has been found. In other countries, people believe "Finders are keepers!" 4 How did Wang Zheng feel about the return of his money?He must have been very happy and relieved to have gotten his money back. We know this because he thanked Chen repeatedly and even offered her a reward.5 Why did Ma Dongbao tell Wang about Chen's family?He must have had great sympathy for Chen and her daughter and wanted to help them.'We know this because he arranged help for them. 6 How did the news reporter feel about Chen's actions?The news reporter felt that it showed that money wasn't the most important thing in life. We know this because the reporter told us that this is what Chen believes. and then said, “that's a great attitude to take."
新人教版高中英語必修3Unit 5 The Value of Money-Reading for Writing教學設計二
2. 您能看到, 我頭發(fā)太長了。You can see that my hair is much too long.3. 無論什么時候, 只要您想回來就回來。Please come back whenever you want.4. 您僅有很少的頭發(fā)要理! You only have too little hair to cut !5. 為您服務是我的榮幸！It is my honour to serve you!Step 9 Writing(Henry is walking down the street when he sees a sign for a place that cuts hair. He decides to have it cut. )H=Henry B=BarberH: Good afternoon, I’d like to have my hair cut, if I may. (The barber looks at Henry’s hair and continues cutting another man’s hair. ) Er, I’d really like a haircut. As you can see it’s much too long. B: (in a rude manner) Yes, I can see that. Indeed, I can. H: Fine, well, I’ll have a seat then. (He sits in one of the barber’s chairs. The barber turns to look at Henry. )B: It’s quite expensive here, you know! Are you sure you can afford it?H: Yes. I think so. (After his hair is cut, the barber tells Henry how much he must pay. Henry shows the barber the bank note. )B: Why Mr. . . (looks shocked)H: Adams. Henry Adams. I’m sorry. I don’t have any change. B: Please don’t worry! (wearing a big smile) Nothing to worry about! Nothing at all! Please come back whenever you want, even if you only have too little hair to cut! It will be my honour to serve you!Step 10 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1. Are all the elements of a play included and in good order ?2. Do the character use suitable language ?3. Are the stage directions clear and useful ?4. Is the plot clear and exciting enough ?
新人教版高中英語必修3Unit 5 the value of money-Reading For Writing教學設計一
【參考范文】Narrator：(Henry is smiling as he leaves the restaurant. As he is walking down the street, he sees a sign for a place that cuts hair. He decides to get it cut. )H＝Henry；B＝Barber；R＝rude manH：Good afternoon, I'd like to get a cut, if I may. (The barber looks at Henry's hair and continues cutting another man's hair. )Er, I'd really like a haircut. As you can see it's much too long. B：(in a rude manner) Yes, I can see that. Indeed, I can. H：Fine, well I'll have a seat then. (He sits in one of the barber's chairs. The barber turns to look at Henry. )B：It's quite expensive here, you know！Are you sure you can afford it?H：Yes. I think so. (In comes the rude man. )R：Hey you there. I need a haircut quickly. Can you do me straightaway?B：All right, then, get in the chair and I'll see what I can do. R：Thank you. (sits down in one of the barber's chairs)H：Excuse me, but I was here first. Aren't you going to do my hair first?B：This man's in a hurry. H：Well so am I！I insist that you cut my hair first. B：OK, but I'll have to be quick. This gentleman is waiting. H：Thank you. (They both become quiet. After his hair is cut, the barber tells Henry how much he must pay. Henry shows the barber the bank note. )B：Why, Mr . . . (looks shocked)H：Adams. Henry Adams. I'm sorry, I don't have any change. R：You're that Mr Adams! Well，I'm glad I waited or I might never have known it was you. B：Why, Mr Adams, please don't worry！(wearing a big smile) Nothing to worry about！Nothing at all!Please come back any time, even if you only need too little hairs cut！It will be my honour to serve you!
《千人糕》教案
一、談話導入師：同學們，中國有句俗話叫“民以食為天”，你們喜歡美食嗎？（喜歡）老師也喜歡吃，不過我們可別光顧著吃，我們要認識它，還要記住他們的名字。（課件出示米糕圖片）。1、師：看，老師給你們帶來了什么？（米糕）生活中，你們除了吃過米糕，還吃過什么糕呢？（課件出示詞語：蛋糕、雪糕、糕點。）領讀詞語。2、師：不論是蛋糕、雪糕，還是糕點，味道上都有一個共同點是（）？甜，是因為在里面加入了糖，（出示糖的卡片認讀生字“糖”）課件出示生活中常見的糖的圖片，齊讀詞語。3、引導觀察生字“糕、糖”，發(fā)現共同點，引出“粉”。交流“粉”的識字方法，引出“芬、份、紛、扮”，出示詞語：粉絲、粉筆、面粉。齊讀。
天地人教案
一、談話導入從這節(jié)課開始，我們就要在拼音朋友的幫助下，到識字王國去認識更多的漢字朋友啦!老師真為你們高興!現在，讓我們一起快樂地向識字王國出發(fā)吧!二、觀察圖畫，揭示課題1、看圖說話，出示書本封面，你看到了什么?引出天、地、人。(PPT1)2、指名讀：誰能讀讀?你是怎么認識這幾個字的?3、請小老師帶領大家輕聲跟讀(兩遍)。4、出示課題。(PPT2)
人教部編版七年級語文上冊春教案
本文具有很強的畫面感，凸顯出繪畫美，雖是散文，卻滿貯詩意，正是文中有畫，畫中有詩。作者從色澤、層次和動態(tài)上向人們展示了一幅栩栩如生的春景圖。作者筆下的春景圖色澤鮮艷，不僅有象征希望的“嫩嫩的，綠綠的”小草，還有“紅的像火，粉的像霞，白的像雪”的繁花，也有溫暖的“紅紅的”太陽的臉和“黃暈的”燈光，這些色彩描繪出了一個生機勃勃而又安靜祥和的春天。在描寫春景的時候，作者還通過有層次感的描寫使景物意蘊悠長，例如對春雨的描寫是從“人家屋頂上”到“小路上”“石橋邊”再到“地里”，從遠至近，層次分明。另外，朱自清使用精妙的語言向讀者展示了動態(tài)（生機）美，在他筆下，花是“趕趟兒”的，蜜蜂是“鬧著”的，氣味兒是“醞釀”的，一切都是“生長著”的，洋溢著盎然的生機。作者從總體上描繪春景，大地回春、萬物復蘇的景象就活生生地展現在了讀者眼前。
人教部編版七年級語文上冊狼教案
（學生交流，教師引導，總結方法）（1）方法1：主謂之間要停頓?！臼纠恳焕?得骨/止；其一/犬坐于前。（2）方法2 ：謂語與賓語之間要停頓?！臼纠款?野有麥場；乃悟/前狼/假寐 。（3）方法3：連詞前面可以停頓?！臼纠亢罄侵?而前狼又至；意將/隧入/以攻其后也。（4）方法4 ：發(fā)語詞后面要停頓。【示例】蓋/以誘敵。（全班齊讀課文，讀順文章）師小結：理解文意，固然可以運用停頓技巧，但最重要的方法是弄懂字詞大意、文句意思。理解了文意，才能讀準句讀，有利于我們讀順文章?！驹O計意圖】本環(huán)節(jié)旨在通過學習互助的方式，調動學生的學習熱情，充分發(fā)揮學生的學習積極性和主動性，進而理解文意，讀順文章。教師及時點撥，適時歸納文言釋詞方法、句式和停頓劃分小技巧，實現知識學習與技能掌握的統(tǒng)一。四、細讀課文，讀懂內容1.概括文章情節(jié)文章講述了屠戶殺狼的故事。按照事件的發(fā)展，情節(jié)一般可以分為開端（發(fā)生）、發(fā)展、高潮和結局。請同學們細讀課文后，用詞語概括這個故事的發(fā)展經過。（生交流后，師明確）
人教部編版七年級語文上冊貓教案
【設計意圖】此環(huán)節(jié)聚焦第三只貓的悲劇，讓學生通過品析語言，想象貓的內心冤屈，同時結合創(chuàng)作背景，逐層深入地理解課文主題及作者的人文情懷。三、拓展延伸1.同學們，你喜歡文中哪一只貓呢？為什么？（生自由討論）預設（1）喜歡第一只或第二只貓，因為它好看，性情可愛、活潑。（2）喜歡第三只貓，它更可憐，更需要關愛。（3）都喜歡，因為生命不分高低貴賤，它們是平等的。我們要尊重每一個生命。2.如果你是第三只貓，應該怎么做才能避免悲劇的發(fā)生呢？（分組討論，全班交流?？蓮摹白允 薄白詮姟薄巴晟谱晕摇钡冉嵌扔懻摚╊A設（1）如果我是第三只貓，首先要自我反省，知道自己哪些方面不夠優(yōu)秀，找到不足，然后不斷努力，完善自我。（2）不能埋怨別人，不能自甘墮落，不能放棄自己。結束語：文章以“我家養(yǎng)了好幾次貓，結局總是失蹤或死亡”總領全文，以“自此，我家永不養(yǎng)貓”收束全文，結構緊湊。文章以貓寫人，用貓的世界折射世態(tài)人情。
人教部編版語文八年級上冊蟬教案
魯迅曾把《昆蟲記》稱為“講昆蟲的故事”“講昆蟲生活”的楷模。魯迅說：“他的著作還有兩種缺點：一是嗤笑解剖學家，二是用人類道德于昆蟲界?！敝茏魅苏f：“法布爾的書中所講的是昆蟲的生活，但我們讀了卻覺得比看那些無聊的小說戲劇更有趣味，更有意義。”巴金說：“《昆蟲記》融作者畢生的研究成果和人生感悟于一爐，以人性觀照蟲性，將昆蟲世界化作供人類獲取知識、趣味、美感和思想的美文?！眰鹘y(tǒng)文化玉蟬：蟬意喻人生蟬在古人的心目中地位很高，向來被視為純潔、清高、通靈的象征。玉蟬究其用途，大體可分為四種：一是佩蟬，是專門佩戴在人身上以作裝飾和避邪用，示高潔；一種為冠蟬，是作為飾物綴于帽子上的，表示高貴；一種是琀蟬，以蟬的羽化比喻人能重生，寓指精神不死，再生復活；還有一種是鎮(zhèn)蟬，做鎮(zhèn)紙用的文房用品，多出現在明代以后，前三種蟬屬于高古玉，主要產生在商周至戰(zhàn)漢時期。
高一語文銜接課教案
一、心態(tài)調整。 首先，熟知盲點。即了解初高中語文課標的要求差異及變化，做到心中有數，明確銜接過渡的著力點。初、高中語文，考查的重點基本上聚焦在文言文閱讀、現代文閱讀、詩歌鑒賞、語言運用和作文這五個方面。與初中語文相比，高中語文學習的難度明顯在增加了。其具體變化情況簡要歸類如下： ①語法修辭進考查要求。初中對語法、修辭、文言文詞法、句法等知識，側重于了解，教學中淡化且不作為考查內容;而在高中則重在運用，對語言知識的要求較高，教學中強化且作為重要的考查內容。 ?、谠姼栝喿x增加了難度。從初中的了解到高中的學習，從初中的重在考查積累，到高中強化理解分析，體現了初高中詩歌學習的變化。
中班音樂教案：高人矮人
活動過程：一、開始部分： 請小朋友為客人老師表演歌曲《小花、小樹》。通過小樹長高了引出主題。二、進行部分： 1、教師出視高人矮人圖片引起幼兒興趣?！皥D片上是誰，有幾個人，他們有什么不一樣？他們還給我們小朋友帶來了禮物，一會兒老師就幫他們把禮物送給你們?！?、教師以講故事的形式進入主題。“高人和矮人是一對好朋友，他們每天都要一起到樹林里散步，可是今天他們來到樹林時發(fā)現以前散步時的音樂被換了，他們不知道哪一段音樂是高人散步時用的，哪一段是矮人散步時用的音樂。小朋友你們能幫助他們嗎？”3、初步分析高低音?！拔覀冞@里有他們散步時的音樂，仔細聽聽現在是誰在散步，是高人在散步，仔細聽聽這是誰在散步，是矮人在散步。高人走路的聲音很高，矮人走路的聲音很低。
人教版新課標PEP小學英語三年級上冊Let's Paint教案8篇
教學設計理念：英語課程標準明確指出，學生的發(fā)展是英語課程的出發(fā)點和歸宿。小學英語課的主要目標是培養(yǎng)學生用英語做事情的能力，同時重視學科內容的有效融合。新課程提倡任務型教學，讓學生在教師的指導下通過感知、體驗、實踐、參與和合作等方式完成教學目標。本著這一理念，我在設計本課時從激發(fā)和保持學生的學習興趣入手，精心創(chuàng)設生活化語言情景，開展豐富多彩的活動，讓學生在我的指導下進行語言交流，感受用英語交流的樂趣和成功感，從而培養(yǎng)學生用英語進行交流的能力。教學目標：1. 情感目標：關注學生的內在需要，在活動中培養(yǎng)學生的協(xié)作精神和競爭意識，培養(yǎng)學生學習英語的積極情感態(tài)度。2. 知識目標：能運用所學語言進行交流。3. 能力目標：通過本課的學習，學生能在實際生活中用英語進行問候；培養(yǎng)學生在課堂上進行自主評價的能力；培養(yǎng)學生根據情景猜測語義和在嘗試中自我修正的學習策略。
