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人教版高中生物必修1細胞增殖說課稿
f.有絲分裂的意義（討論分析教學），首先引導學生結(jié)合所學知識討論有絲分裂的的作用，最后有教師歸納總結(jié)，并要求學生在理解的基礎上記憶。g.無絲分裂（圖形直觀教學、簡介），本部分內(nèi)容不是教學的重點，內(nèi)容也相對簡單，所以我的教學方法是直接給學生展示掛圖，再進行簡短介紹，讓學生了解即可。h.引出減數(shù)分裂的概念，為第五章學習打下基礎。小結(jié)：新課講完以后由教師對本節(jié)內(nèi)容進行總結(jié)鞏固和反饋：進行一些課堂練習達到鞏固和反饋的作用。最后布置作業(yè)，各種難度的作業(yè)題目均設置一些，其中簡單題比重大，難題要求學生選作，這樣提高學生學習積極性。2教學媒體程序設計: 細胞周期的概念（多媒體課件演示周期動畫）植物細胞有絲分裂（多媒體課件演示分裂各期動畫）動植物細胞有絲分裂異同點（多媒體課件演示分裂各期動畫）有絲分裂過程中DNA和染色體數(shù)量的變化規(guī)律（掛圖演示，包括表格和函數(shù)圖象）
人教版高中生物必修1細胞的癌變說課稿
5．5癌癥的預防作為本節(jié)最重要內(nèi)容，且與生活息息相關(guān)，我采用老師引導、學生討論總結(jié)的方法進行教學。從生活各方面總結(jié)出保健良方 ，既對知識有很好應用，又體現(xiàn)對生命的熱愛。此時，本節(jié)課達到高潮，同學們意氣風發(fā)，熱烈討論，實現(xiàn)本節(jié)課的教學目標。5．6 癌癥的治療通過講述癌癥治療方法的副作用，激發(fā)學生探究生物學欲望，激勵學生立志除癌。 在此，我選用一則關(guān)于一名癌癥晚期病人運用心理療法成功戰(zhàn)勝癌癥的故事，在于對不同層次的學生進行多方面啟發(fā)教育，體現(xiàn)面向全體學生的課程理念。5．7 愉悅總結(jié)，及時反饋本節(jié)知識點零散，我將帶領學生回憶瀏覽本節(jié)內(nèi)容，使零散知識點系統(tǒng)化。在課堂反饋環(huán)節(jié)，我通過簡單練習采用分組競答的方式把握學生對知識的掌握程度，并給予表現(xiàn)突出的學生適當獎勵，這是本節(jié)課第三個亮點。競答既使課堂顯得緊湊、集中，又有利于形成學生的競爭意識，還使得學生的知識得以鞏固應用。
人教版高中生物必修2基因在染色體上說課稿
三、孟德爾遺傳規(guī)律的現(xiàn)代解釋①分離定律：在雜合體的細胞中，位于一對同源染色體上的等位基因，具有一定的獨立性；在減數(shù)分裂形成配子的過程中，等位基因隨同源染色體的分開而分離，獨立地隨配子遺傳給后代。②自由組合定律：位于非同源染色體上的非等位基因的分離或組合是互不干擾的；在減數(shù)分裂過程中，同源染色體的等位基因彼此分離的同時，非同源染色體上的非等位基因自由組合?？偨Y(jié)：再次強調(diào)孟德爾遺傳定律的現(xiàn)代解釋課堂練習：書本31頁6、教學反思：本節(jié)課設置了一系列問題情境，層層設問，在學生答問、質(zhì)疑、討論過程中讓學生建構(gòu)新概念和新的知識體系，并通過教師及時掌握反饋信息，適時點撥、調(diào)節(jié)，讓學生在推理判斷中培養(yǎng)良好的思維習慣和對知識的遷移能力，而且通過留出一定的時間讓學生提問，體現(xiàn)了以學生為主體的思想。
人教版高中生物必修2DNA的復制說課稿
設問：DNA復制后兩個子代DNA分子與親代DNA分子是否完全相同？為什么？通過設問，讓學生進一步理解和鞏固DNA復制的全過程。接下來讓學生總結(jié)出DNA復制的四大基本條件：① 模板：開始解旋的DNA分子的兩條單鏈；② 原料：是游離在核液中的脫氧核苷酸；③ 能量：是通過水解ATP提供；④ 酶：酶是指一個酶系統(tǒng)，不僅僅是指一種解旋酶。最后通過以上分析，總結(jié)出DNA復制的意義以及在生活中的應用：意義：DNA通過復制，使遺傳信息從親代傳給子代，從而保證了物種的相對穩(wěn)定性，保持了遺傳信息的連續(xù)性，使物種得以延續(xù)。應用：目前DNA分子廣泛應用于刑事案件偵破等方面：如：DNA分子是親子鑒定的主要證據(jù)之一。把案犯在現(xiàn)場留下的毛發(fā)、血等進行分析作為破案的證據(jù)，與DNA有關(guān)。五、設計課堂練習：設計一題典型課堂練習：即有關(guān)半保留復制及計算的習題：
人教版高中生物必修2遺傳密碼的破譯說課稿
3、遺傳密碼的特點 連續(xù)性、簡并性、通用性5、課堂練習6、作業(yè)布置假如，我們利用(ACU)n核苷酸長鏈合成了含有蘇氨酸的多肽，那么蘇氨酸可能的密碼子有哪些？如何運用實驗方法確證蘇氨酸的密碼子究竟是什么？七、教學反思1、教材中豐富的科學史料，是我們在課堂上進行探究性學習活動的良好素材，教師要整理和運用好。千萬不要低估學生的思維能力，當學生的思維能力被你想方設法激發(fā)出來的時候，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的創(chuàng)造力是無窮的。2、探究性學習的目的并不僅僅是問題的解決，更重要的是在探究過程中體驗和獲取科學研究方法，培養(yǎng)合作與分享的精神以及實事求是的科學態(tài)度，鍛煉思維能力，提高科學素養(yǎng)。3、學生是學習的主體，教師是引導者。我們要采取措施讓學生積極主動地參與到學習活動中來，通過他們的思考、討論、爭辯、合作等活動來獲取方法，建構(gòu)知識。
人教版高中生物必修2染色體變異說課稿
四、說教學程序（一）.溫故知新、導入新課復習提問:基因突變導致生物變異的原因是什么?回答:基因突變是基因結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生改變，從而使遺傳信息改變，使蛋白質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)改變、生物性狀改變，即生物發(fā)生了變異。那么，基因是什么?它和染色體又有何關(guān)系?回答:基因是有遺傳效應的DNA片斷，染色體是DNA的載體，基因在染色體上呈線形排列。引出新知:對于一個生物體來說，正常情況下，其染色體的結(jié)構(gòu)和數(shù)量都是穩(wěn)定的。但在自然條件或人為因素的影響下，染色體的結(jié)構(gòu)和數(shù)量均會發(fā)生改變，從而導致生物性狀的改變，這就屬于染色體變異。（二）.把握重點、突破難點重點的把握：1、染色體結(jié)構(gòu)的變異播放影片:貓叫綜合征幼兒。讓學生觀察: 患兒哭聲輕、音調(diào)高，很像貓叫。教師補充: 患兒的征狀---兩眼較低、耳位低下，存在著嚴重的智力障礙。闡述病因---染色體片段缺失
人教版高中英語必修1English around the world說課稿
(3)v. 給：提出；展現(xiàn)，顯現(xiàn)present sb. with sth. ; present sth. to sb. 把. . 交給；頒發(fā)；授予present sth. (for sth. )/present sth. to sb. e. g. Om his birthday, his friends presented him a collection of stamps. 在他生日時，他的朋友們送給他一套郵票作為禮物。The sword was presented by the family to the museum. 這家人把寶劍捐贈給了博物館。The committee will present the final report to Parliament in June. 委員會將在六月向議會提交最后的報告。You need to present yourself better. 你需要更善于展現(xiàn)自己。It is essential that we present a united front. 至關(guān)重要的是我們要表現(xiàn)得更加團結(jié)。Step 4 ConsolidationT:Now that we have got a general idea of these words and phrases. Lets make up some sentences using them to master them. Suggested sentences:1. Your duties include typing letters and answering the telephone. 2. It is one of the greatest roles that she has played. 3. A large number of people have applied for the job. 4. The number of the panda is declining. 5. I'11 go there, even if I have to walk. 6. He came up to me to ask for a light. 7. The novel is about a family who can't communicate with each other. 8. He based his plan on interests of most people. 9. Why doesn't he make use of his singing talent?Step 5 Summary and homeworkT:Today we dealt with several new words and phrases. After class I hope that youcan read them again and again to keep them in mind. That's all for today. You aredismissed.
人教版高中英語必修2Computers說課稿3篇
一. 教材分析1. 本單元的中心話題是“計算機（Computers）”，內(nèi)容涉及計算機的發(fā)展歷史，計算機的應用等。本節(jié)課是該單元的第一課時，我將Warming up, Pre-reading and Comprehending這四部分整合為一節(jié)精讀課。其中。Reading部分是題為WHO AM I？的文章，以第一人稱的擬人手法介紹了計算機發(fā)長演變的歷史和計算機在各個領域的應用，其主旨是表達計算機的發(fā)展變化之快以及在生活中用途之廣。而Warming up部分以圖片的形式展現(xiàn)了計算機的發(fā)展歷程；Pre-reading中的問題和排序分別是為了預測語篇的內(nèi)容和測試學生對計算機歷史了解的情況；Comprehending則通過各項練習訓練學生的閱讀技能，從而加深對文章的理解?？梢娺@幾部分是一個有機的整體。2. 教學目標：1) 語言目標：重點詞匯及短語：abacus, calculate, calculator, PC, laptop, PDA, robot, analytical, technological, universal, mathematical, artificial, intelligent, network, explore, in common, as a result.重點句子：a. My real father was Alan Turing, who in 1963 wrote a book to describe how computers could be made to work, and build a “universal machine” to solve any mathematical problem.
人教版高中英語必修2Cultural Relics說課稿2篇
Ⅲ. Analysis of the teaching material:The topic of this unit is cultural relics. Students are quite interested in topics about different cultures around the world. This is the second period of the whole unit. As a reading class, the passage mainly talks about the history of the amber room (how it was made, sent as a gift, lost and rebuilt).According to the new national curriculum, when teaching reading, much emphasis should be put on training the students’ reading skills.Ⅳ. Teaching objectives1. Language objectives:1) Students are required to master the key words and phrases occurred in the passage (e.g. amazing, decorate, belong, in return, less than etc.)2) Students are required to learn the attributive clause and acquire the sentence pattern.2. 1) Students are required to describe a certain thing by using the new sentence patterns.2) Students are required to master two kinds of reading skills—skimming and scanning, and learn to use them in their daily reading.3. 1) Students are required to know the history of the amber room.2) Students are required to appreciate cultural relics and understand the importance of protecting them.Ⅴ. Teaching important and difficult points1) the new words, phrases, and sentence pattern in the course of reading.2) Teaching difficult point: Help the students master two kinds of reading skills—skimmingand scanning and learn to apply them in daily use.Ⅵ. Teaching methods:Task-based method & Top-down model Ⅶ. Teaching aids: PPT, pictures, blackboard Ⅷ. Teaching procedure:
人教版高中英語必修2The Olympic Games說課稿2篇
Purpose of my design:To ask the students to do these two tasks will make the Ss predict the story of this passage. As a result, it will deepen Ss’ memory of this story because they will have their own understanding of this story.Step 3. While-readingTask 1. (Individual work _____min)Skimming: ask students to skim the text and the main ideas of each paragraph in this passage. Please read it quickly and then match the sentences with the letters.Task 2. (Individual work _____min)Scanning: read the text quickly and decide the whether the following statements are true or false and give reasons.Task 3. (Pair work _____min)Listen to the tape and fill in the banks. Then read the paragraph with expression to your partner.Task4 (individual work min)Listen to the tape again and write down the main idea in one sentence.Purpose of my design: Enable students to understand the given material better by using different reading skills. And proper competition can arouse the Ss’ interest in English learning. “Task-based” teaching method is used here todevelop the Ss’ ability of communication and also their ability of co-operation will be well trainedStep 4. Post-readingTask 1. (Individual work, pair work, group work, class work; _____min)Discussion (group of 4):1. If you were Hippomenes, would you run against Atlanta?2. Do you think Hippomenes deserved to win the race? Why or why not?Step 5. HomeworkPlease read the story again carefully after class and imagine: What will happen during the race between Hippomenes and Atlanta? Who do you think will win the race? Do you think Atlanta would marry Hippomenes? Write an end for the story with thses questions.Purpose of my design: Homework is so important and necessary for to master the knowledge they learned after class. It will check whether the Ss achieve the teaching aims.Part 5 Blackboard design
人教版高中英語必修2Wildlife Protection說課稿3篇
When it comes to the students’ studying methods, I'd like to introduce my Ss first. The Ss have a good command of basic language points. They’re interested in learning English, and they take an active part in English class, so they will have fun in autonomous, cooperative and inquiry learning. I will just serve as a guide, showing them the way to explore how to make more progress in their English learning.Now it’s time for the most important stage of this lesson. My teaching procedures are arranged as follows:Step1.Leading-in (3 minute)Play a video of a wide variety of wildlife to introduce my topic. Step2. Speaking (12 minutes)We will use our textbook Page25. Let the Ss fast read the short paragraph to warm up. Ask them to talk about the report on some endangered wildlife in China with the dialogue patterns on the screen. Lastly, I will invite some groups to demonstrate their dialogues about saving wildlife in China.Step3.English play (3 minutes)Watch another video in praise of their excellent performance just now. It’s about Jack Chen’s（成龍）and Yang Ziqiong’s wildlife protection.Step4. Listening (twice 13 minutes)This time, I’ll ask the Ss to fill in the blanks of the monologue of the 2 movie stars above. Step5.Discussion (3 minutes)Which would you like to choose to wear, clothes made of cotton, artificial leather or animal skins? Why ?Step6. Summary (3 minutes)1. If there were no wildlife, there wouldn’t exist human beings. If the buying stops, the killing can, too.2. Animals are our friends. To love animals is to love ourselves. Stop hunting, killing and destroying wildlife.3. Let’s live in harmony with all the living things in the world. Step7. Music appreciation (3 minutes)Let the Ss appreciate the song Earth Song by Michael Jackson. Last but not the least, I will show you my blackboard design.
人教版高中英語必修3Festivals around the World說課稿3篇
Teaching plan for Unit 1 book3Good morning, teachers. It’s my great pleasure to be here because I can share my lesson with you and I can learn a lot from it. I’ll begin my lesson from the following four parts， the teaching material, the teaching methods, the studying methods and the teaching procedure.Firstly, let me talk about the teaching material. The content of my lesson is the reading passage festivals and celebrations of Unit 1 Festivals around the world. This passage is about festivals and celebrations. By studying this passage, we’ll enable the students to know that festivals exit everywhere, and many of festivals in different countries celebrate similar ideas. As we all know, the reading passage is the center of each unit. If the Ss can learn it well, it will be helpful to make the Ss learn the rest of this unit.After studying the teaching material, I think the teaching aims are as the followings:1. Knowledge aims:(1) The Ss can master the usage of the important words andexpressions.(2)The Ss can use the __________________ (grammar) in the proper situation.Make students know about the festivals all over the world and the detail of the festivals, such as origin, content, and the date of the holiday festivals.2. Ability aims:(1) Students can talk about festivals and celebrations in English(2) To improve the student’s reading ability, especially their skimming and scanning ability.3. Emotion aims:Make the Ss know about the foreign festivals, and respect other countries’ custom.Next, let’s come to the important points and the difficult points.The important point is how to make the Ss understand the text better and the difficult point is how can they talk about it. secondly， Teaching Methods:1. task-based Language Teaching2. Computer assisted language teaching.3. question-and–answer methodThirdly， Studying Methods:
人教版高中英語必修5First aid說課稿6篇
In this class, I have 3 teaching aims, that is, knowledge aims, ability aims and emotion aims.1) Knowledge-Teach students new words and expressions, such as temporary, bleed,sprain choke, first aid, fall ill and so on.-Enable students to have a better understanding for some basic knowledge of first aid.2) Ability-Train students’ speaking, reading and writing abilities by different teaching activities, such as skimming, comprehending, team work, role play, retelling and writing.-Develop students’ reading strategy on how to move general idea to specific information.3) Emotion-Promote students’ awareness of giving first aid.- Cultivate students’ creativities.Then let’s come to my teaching methods and activities.III. Teaching methods and activities:To achieve different teaching aims, various kinds of teaching methods and activities will be adopted throughout this period, such as TBL (task-based learning), skimming, team work, brainstorm and others, which can offer students opportunities to fulfill tasks in which they can use language to achieve a specific outcome.IV. Teaching aids:Computer and blackboardV. Teaching important points:1) Make students have a clear mind for the structure of the text.2) Help students understand the theme of the text.VI. Teaching difficulties:1) So many new words may affect students’ understanding.2) How to get students to know about the functions of the skin and thecauses, characteristics and treatments for different degree burns,and the knowledge about giving first aid. VII. Blackboard design:
人教版新課標高中物理必修1彈力說課稿3篇
基于以上分析，為使本堂課圍繞重點、突破難點，同時讓學生在課堂教學中能力得到提高，我設計如下教學過程。（一）創(chuàng)設情景認識形變由同學們已有的形變知識入手，引入新課。教師演示：①彈簧的壓縮形變；②彈簧的拉伸形變③視頻播放：竹竿形變、鋼絲的扭轉(zhuǎn)形變。得出形變的概念及各類形變。[設計意圖：我從生活情景中引入新課，是為了激發(fā)學生的好奇心，為學生學習重點和難點內(nèi)容作鋪墊。]設問：摩天大樓在風的吹拂下會不會擺動，發(fā)生形變嗎？演示微小形變放大實驗：由于這種形變不容易觀察，會使學生產(chǎn)生疑問：到底有沒有發(fā)生形變？解決的辦法是微小形變的演示實驗。為什么光點會往下移？讓學生帶著問題思考后得出結(jié)論：是由于桌面發(fā)生了形變，但是形變不明顯。為后面解決壓力和支持力都是彈力做好鋪墊。[設計意圖：使學生知道“放大”是一種科學探究的方法。]
人教版新課標高中物理必修1摩擦力說課稿2篇
本節(jié)課是人教社物理必修1第三章第三節(jié)的內(nèi)容，編排在彈力之后。該節(jié)知識既是力學的基礎，也是組成整個高中物理知識的一塊“基石”，所以這節(jié)內(nèi)容的教學如何引領學生自主積極地探究摩擦力產(chǎn)生的條件和影響因素，體驗摩擦力特點規(guī)律的發(fā)生過程是本節(jié)課的重點，應高度重視本節(jié)教學過程；由于摩擦力問題的復雜性，且在具體問題中又表現(xiàn)出“動中有靜，靜中有動”，尤其靜摩擦在許多情形下似乎又是“若有若無，方向不定”，因此，對于初學者也是有一定難度的。也正是由于教材內(nèi)容的上述特點，本節(jié)課又易于激起學生的求知欲，易于培養(yǎng)學生的辯證觀點，易于錘煉學生的物理素質(zhì)。要充分用好該節(jié)教材內(nèi)容，深入挖掘知識間的有機聯(lián)系，對學生開展針對性的思維訓練，進而提高學生應用物理知識解決實際問題的能力和創(chuàng)新思維能力。高中物理《課標》對該知識點的要求是，“通過實驗認識滑動摩擦、靜摩擦的規(guī)律，能用動摩擦因數(shù)計算摩擦力”。其中，對靜摩擦力規(guī)律的認識應該包括最大靜摩擦力。
人教版新課標高中物理必修2向心力說課稿3篇
通過這個示例呢，我們可以得到解決向心力問題的一般的步驟，確定對象，找出軌跡，找出圓心，然后進行受力分析，讓同學們參考這樣的步驟，逐步的解決圓周運動的問題，對于變速圓周運動，我通過鏈球運動進行引入，這里是一個鏈球運動的視頻，在同學們觀看視頻之前，我給同學們提出問題，鏈球收到繩子的拉力，做的是勻速圓周運動嗎？ 然后再課堂上我們再做一個小實驗， 我們可以通過改變拉線的方式來調(diào)節(jié)小球的速度大小嗎？ 那么對小球，做加速圓周運動，進行受力分析，我們可以看到，小球做加速運動時，他所受到的力，并不是嚴格通過軌跡的圓心，在進行分析的時候，特別強調(diào)，小桶所受力的切線方向分力，和法線方向分力，切線方向分力，改變小球運動速度大小，法線方向分力，改變了小球運動的方向，法線方向的分力，在這里就是向心力，產(chǎn)生了向心加速度，通過這樣一個例子進行分析，同學們是比較容易理解的，
2015年中考真題精品解析 語文 （山東濟南卷） 精編word版（原卷版）
⑦在仰韶文化時期，我國就有了對竹利用的確切記載。竹自竹簡、珠筆到竹紙，在保存和傳播我們中華民族的古老文化上立下了汗馬功勞。以竹為題材的詩詞歌賦，用竹編織和雕刻的藝術(shù)品，竹制的笙管笛簫奏出的音樂，無不給人類美的享受。⑧在我國文化史上，竹蘊含著中華民族重要的精神價值。人們在長期的勞動實踐和文化活動中，把竹的生物特征逐漸升華為一種做人的美德。竹四季常青，不畏逆境，和松、梅并譽為“歲寒三友”；竹中空外直，虛懷若谷，和梅、蘭、菊并稱為“四君子”。⑨無論是魏晉嵇康、向秀等“竹林七賢”，還是唐朝李白、韓準等“竹溪六逸”，莫不對竹有一份執(zhí)著和憧憬，清代鄭板橋，與竹為鄰，以竹為友，愛竹、寫竹、畫竹、贊竹?！扒トf擊還堅韌，任爾東西南北風”，正是他堅忍不拔、超凡脫俗的人格寫照。
2015年中考真題精品解析 語文（黑龍江大慶卷）精編word版（原卷版）
①2014年年中，世界衛(wèi)生組織（WHO）公布了《2013年全球氣候狀況報告》。報告顯示，2013年全球陸地和海洋表面平均溫度為14．5℃，比1961-1990年的平均溫度升高0．5℃。自有溫度記錄以來，全球14個最熱年份中有13個出現(xiàn)在本世紀，而過去30年中每個10年都比前十年更熱。②厄爾尼諾是發(fā)生在熱帶太平洋上海溫異常增暖的氣候現(xiàn)象，大范圍熱帶太平洋增暖會造成全球氣候變化。進入20世紀70年代后，全球出現(xiàn)的異常天氣，都有范圍廣、災情重、時間長等特點，而在這一系列異常天氣的背后，厄爾尼諾暖流都起著重要作用。
2016年中考真題精品解析 語文（山東濟南卷）精編word版（原卷版）
青蒿素治療瘧疾效果顯著，是抵抗瘧疾耐藥性最好的藥物。中國發(fā)現(xiàn)青蒿素時，美國也研制出一種抗瘧新藥—化學合成的甲氟喹，但瘧原蟲很快就適應了它，產(chǎn)生耐藥性，臨床使用后患者還出現(xiàn)了明顯的不良反應。而對于青蒿素這種從中草藥中提取的藥物，瘧原蟲對它完全沒有抵抗能力。1976 年1月，柬埔寨爆發(fā)瘧疾，因瘧原蟲已經(jīng)產(chǎn)生耐藥性，疫情一時難以控制。中國醫(yī)療隊攜帶一批青蒿素在柬埔寨大顯神威，挽救了一大批瘧疾患者的生命。
北師大版小學數(shù)學六年級上冊《統(tǒng)計圖的選擇》說課稿
一、教材分析1.教材的地位和作用本節(jié)教材是北師大版六年級數(shù)學上冊第5章《數(shù)據(jù)的收集與整理》第3節(jié)的內(nèi)容，這一章是《全日制義務教育數(shù)學課程標準（實驗稿）》第三學段“統(tǒng)計與概率”部分的第一章，也是基礎章節(jié)。它讓學生經(jīng)歷數(shù)據(jù)的收集、整理、描述的過程，體會適當選擇統(tǒng)計圖表對描述實際問題的作用，為以后進一步學習統(tǒng)計的有關(guān)知識打下基礎2.學情分析學生在此之前已經(jīng)在小學階段學習過有關(guān)統(tǒng)計圖表的知識，對三種統(tǒng)計圖也有了一定的認識和感知，會畫三種統(tǒng)計圖，但是對于究竟如何選取適當?shù)慕y(tǒng)計圖去說明一些具體實際問題還存在一定困難，所以本節(jié)內(nèi)容主要是讓學生對三種統(tǒng)計圖各自的特點和優(yōu)勢有一定的認識。3.教材重難點根據(jù)對教材的研讀和學生學情的分析，結(jié)合新課標對本節(jié)的要求，特將本節(jié)的重難點確定如下：
