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XX年1月國旗下講話：做一個具有創(chuàng)新能力的人
我們中華民族是一個聰明，勤勞的民族，我們的祖先曾經(jīng)為人類提供了開啟世界文明之門的"四大發(fā)明"，而在近百年來科學技術(shù)史上，卻很少有中國人的名字。形成這種現(xiàn)狀的原因是什么呢？我想，這跟我們民族的創(chuàng)新能力下降有很大的關系?？茖W的本質(zhì)是創(chuàng)新，那么創(chuàng)新的本質(zhì)又是什么呢？我認為，創(chuàng)新的本質(zhì)是進取，是不做復制者，單純的模仿不是創(chuàng)新，令人生厭的重復也只會造成原創(chuàng)力的降低。創(chuàng)新不容易但并不神秘，可以說，任何人都可以創(chuàng)新。當然知識越豐富的，他創(chuàng)新的機會就越多?？赡苡行┩瑢W會認為創(chuàng)新只是科學家才能做的事情，其實不是的。下面我就給大家講一個真實的故事。美國有個叫李小曼的畫家，他平時做事總是丟三落四，繪畫時也不例外，常常是剛剛找到鉛筆，又望了橡皮放在哪兒了。
《說“木葉”》說課稿（二） 2021-2022學年統(tǒng)編版高中語文必修下冊
一、說教材《說“木葉”》這篇文學論文位于統(tǒng)編版高中語文必修下冊第三單元。本單元對應課程標準的學習任務群是“實用性閱讀與交流”，人文主題是“探索與創(chuàng)新”，語文素養(yǎng)是“學習閱讀知識性讀物，理清文章思路，學習闡釋說明、邏輯推理的方法，體會語言的嚴謹準確，發(fā)展科學思維”?！墩f“木葉”》提出了中國古典詩歌為何用“‘木葉’而不用‘樹葉’、又由‘木葉’發(fā)展為‘落木’的疑問”，繼而分析了“木”字的兩個藝術(shù)特征，解決了上述疑問，闡發(fā)了中國古典詩歌語言的暗示性。二、說學情高一年級下學期的學生已經(jīng)接觸過不少實用性論說類文本，例如統(tǒng)編版九年級上冊《論教養(yǎng)》《談創(chuàng)造性思維》等文章。本學段的學生已經(jīng)掌握了“論點、論據(jù)、論證”的相關知識，并且發(fā)展了一定的邏輯思維能力，這為《說“木葉”》的講授提供了學習支架。但《說“木葉”》這篇文學論文，篇幅長達三千字，使用了專業(yè)術(shù)語，運用大量詩詞舉例，這些是給學生閱讀造成困難的原因。
人教版新課標高中物理必修1探究小車速度隨時間變化的規(guī)律說課稿2篇
（三）合作交流能力提升教師：剛才我們通過實驗了解了小車的速度是怎樣隨時間變化的，但實驗中有一定的誤差，請同學們討論并說出可能存在哪些誤差，造成誤差的原因是什么？（每個實驗小組的同學之間進行熱烈的討論）學生：測量出現(xiàn)誤差。因為點間距離太小，測量長度時容易產(chǎn)生誤差。教師：如何減小這個誤差呢？學生：如果測量較長的距離，誤差應該小一些。教師：應該采取什么辦法？學生：應該取幾個點之間的距離作為一個測量長度。教師：好，這就是常用的取“計數(shù)點”的方法。我們應該在紙帶上每隔幾個計時點取作一個計數(shù)點，進行編號。分別標為：0、1、2、3……，測各計數(shù)點到“0”的距離。以減小測量誤差。教師：還有補充嗎？學生1：我在坐標系中描點畫的圖象只集中在坐標原定附近，兩條圖象沒有明顯的分開。學生2：描出的幾個點不嚴格的分布在一條直線上，還能畫直線嗎？
人教版新課標高中物理必修1速度變化快慢的描述─加速度說課稿2篇
本來比較速度變化的快慢也有兩種方法：一種是比較相同時間內(nèi)速度變化量的大?。涣硪环N是比較發(fā)生相同的速度變化所需要的時間長短。但教材是將比較質(zhì)點位置移動快慢的思想直接遷移過來，通過實例分析，使學生明白不同運動物體的速度變化快慢不同，表現(xiàn)在速度的變化與發(fā)生這個變化所用時間的比值不同，從而引入加速度的定義方法a=△v/△t。加速度表示速度的變化快慢，包括速度增加的快慢和減小的快慢，不能誤認為只要有加速度的運動速度就一定是增加的。廣義地講，加速度不僅可以描述速度大小的變化快慢，而且也可以描述速度方向變化的快慢，本節(jié)教材只限定在直線運動的情景中討論。加速度的矢量性是一個難點，教材是以與速度方向相同或是相反來表述加速度的矢量性的。如果以初速度方向為正方向，那么加速度就有正負之分，加速度的正負表示加速度的方向，不表示加速度的大小。
新人教版高中英語必修1Unit 4 Natural Disasters- Reading for writing教案
①標題——標題應當簡潔明了。②導語——導語是消息開頭的第一段或第一句話，簡明扼要地揭示出消息的核心內(nèi)容。③主體——主體是消息的主要部分，要用充足的事實表現(xiàn)主題，對導語的內(nèi)容作進一步的展開和闡述。④結(jié)束語——通常是對全文內(nèi)容進行概括性的總結(jié)。3. 新聞報道增分句子（1）陳述事實常用的句型:①A terrible storm hit/struck ... , killing ..②It was a cool autumn night when the earthquake happened. A large number of buildings fell down and roads were destroyed, leaving a great many people homeless.地震發(fā)生在一個涼爽的秋夜。大量的建筑物倒塌，道路被毀,許多人無家可歸。③With the help of the rescue team, people who were the trapped in the flood were saved.在救援隊的幫助下，困在洪水中的人們得救了。（2）陳述觀點常用的句型:①Clearly/Obviously/In my opinion/It seemed that people were shocked.顯然/在我看來/似乎人們震驚了。②The whole city was in ruins after the earthquake.地震后整個城市成了一片廢墟。（3）揭示原因常用的句型:Because of/As a result of/Thanks to the help of the army, people who got injured were sent to the hospital immediately.
新人教版高中英語必修1Unit 4 Natural Disasters-Discovering Useful Structures教案
【教材分析】This teaching period mainly deals with the grammar: the restrictive relative clauses.This period carries considerable significance to the cultivation of students’ writing competence and lays a solid foundation for the basic appreciation of language beauty. The teacher is expected to enable students to master this period thoroughly and consolidate the knowledge by doing some exercise of good quality.【教學目標與核心素養(yǎng)】1. Get students to have a good understanding of the basic usages of the restrictive relative clauses.2. Enable students to use the restrictive relative clauses flexibly.3. Develop students’ speaking and cooperating abilities.4. Strengthen students’ great interest in grammar learning.【教學重難點】How to enable students to have a good understanding of the restrictive relative clauses, especially the uses of the relative words such as which, that, who, whom.【教學過程】Step1: 語法知識呈現(xiàn)定語從句（一）—關系代詞的用法在復合句中, 修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。定語從句通常由關系代詞或關系副詞引導，說明事物的具體信息，從句位于被修飾詞之后。被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞，引導定語從句的詞叫關系詞，關系詞指代先行詞，并在定語從句中充當成分。關系詞有兩種：關系代詞who, whom ,whose, that, which, as和關系副詞when, where, why。
新人教版高中英語必修1Unit 4 Natural Disasters-Reading & Thinking教案
5. Read to get detailed information about Paragraph 5.Q1. What shows the revival of Tangshan?Q2. How can Tangshan revive itself and get up on its feet again?Q3. In times of disasters, how can we go through it?T: In times of disasters, we should unify, show the wisdom and stay positive.Step 4 Activity 4 Highlighting the theme and reflecting1. Make a summary of the text.2. Further understand the titleQ: After our learning, why do you think the earth didn’t sleep on that night?T: An earthquake happened. The people in the earthquake suffered a lot, and the people outside Tangshan were concerned about the people there a lot.3. Reflect through discussion on what can be learnt after reading.T: Disasters are powerful. Unpreparedness can be deadly. Life is weak, but if people work together to help each other, disasters can be defeated.There is no love from disaster, but we have love in the human heart.Step 5 Assignment How does the writer convey that the earthquake was deadly, and that people were helpless during the earthquake? Try to find some attractive and impressive expressions and note them down.
新人教版高中英語必修2Unit 4 History and Traditions-Discovering Useful Structure教案一
Step 5 Practice一、完成下列句子。1. Judy and I _______________（把車停下來(park)）in an underground car Park near Trafalgar Square, where we could ______________________(讓我們的車充電（charge)).2. When we finally reached the service desk to ask for audio guides, we heard it ___________ that there were no audio guides____________(留下，剩下）.3. We__________________________（發(fā)現(xiàn)自己對...很驚訝）the large number of visitors and the amount of noise at the entrance of the National Gallery.4. Judy ____________________(眼神專注于） Van Gogh’s Sunflowers. It was hard to approach the painting as there were so many people around.5. She ____________________(把這幅畫的復制品裝箱（box)） to ensure that it was delivered safely.答案：1.had our car parked get our car battery charged 2. announced left 3. found ourselves very surprised 4. had her eyes fixed on 5. had a copy of the painting boxed二、用過去分詞對下列句子進行改寫。1. Loch Ness was surrounded by beautiful natural landscape, which made it look amazing.2. Carl and his friend stayed with a generous family who offered them bread with butter and honey that was homemade.3. The family’s ancestors once attended to soldiers who were wounded in the First World War.4. The young people were attracted by the legend of Loch Ness. They watched over the lake with their cameras and binoculars, which were positioned on the hill.答案：1. Loch Ness surrounded by beautiful natural landscape looks amazing.2. Carl and his friends stayed with a generous family who offered them homemade bread with butter and honey.3. The family’s ancestors once attended to wounded soldiers in the First World War.4. The young people attracted by the legend of Loch Ness watched over the lake with their cameras and binoculars positioned on the hill.
新人教版高中英語必修2Unit 4 History and Traditions-Listening＆Speaking＆Talking教案一
This unit is about history and traditions. From the opening page, we can know that this unit will introduce the history and traditions around the world. As Marcus Garvey says “A people without the knowledge of their past history, origin and culture is like a tree without roots”, it is important for students to realize the importance and value of knowing the history and traditions and their further meanings. And this part ( listening and speaking ) is divided into two parts: Part A---share views on historic sites, Part B ---talk about a visit to a historic tourist destination. By talking with a foreigner, the speakers introduce the historic attractions and their cultures. Part A is that William, a British student, who was going to visit the Confucius Temple and a Chinese student, Xiao Kong, who was going to the Confucius Temple to meet with the members of the research group, went together and exchanged their views on the Confucius Temple, Confucius, Confucius' descendants and Confucius' educational thoughts. Part B is a conversation between Xiao Yan, a youth hostel receptionist and Paul, a backpacker about the feelings and experience after visiting the Chinese famous tourist attraction Pingyao.1. Guide students to understand the content of listening texts in terms of the whole and key details; 2. Cultivate students' ability to guess the meaning of words in listening; discuss with their peers how to talk about historic spots and great person.3. Instruct students to use functional sentences of showing one’s excitement, surprise and disappointment.1. Guide students to understand the content of listening texts in terms of the whole and key details; 2. Cultivate students' ability to discuss with their peers the related topics.3. Enable students to use the functional items of showing one’s excitement, surprise and disappointment.
新人教版高中英語必修1Unit 4 Natural Disasters-Listening and Speaking教案
【教材分析】高考聽力材料的選用非常重視語言真實性和交際性的原則，語言材料一般來源于實際生活，對話的內(nèi)容大都取材于日常生活，即衣、食、住、行、工作、學習、天氣、生活環(huán)境等話題，可分為校園、公共場所、家庭等方面，如: shopping, finding the way, doing one’s homework, seeing a doctor, making a phone call, weather report, asking for different kinds of information等。新教材的特點就是利用生活中真實文本，只是降低難度，讓學生注重語言的應用，將是我們高考把握方向的重要因素?！窘虒W目標與核心素養(yǎng)】學習能力目標：在聽力當中，學生應該有效規(guī)劃學習方法，選擇恰當?shù)牟呗耘c方法。這節(jié)課的訓練目標是讓學生有正確的預測和抓住問題的關鍵信息，從而用心去聽來找尋關鍵信息。根據(jù)生活中實際情況和高考常見語境，我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)提前預測和抓住題干中的w很重要，即what, where, when, why等等。
新人教版高中英語必修2Unit 4 History and Traditions-Reading and Thinking教案一
Features of languages1．Finally, in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK, which resulted in the full name we have today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland．該句是一個復合句。該句主句為：the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK；which resulted in the full name we have today為which引導的定語從句代指前面整句話的內(nèi)容，we have today為定語從句修飾先行詞name。譯文：最后，在20世紀，愛爾蘭南部脫離英國，這導致了我們今天有的英國的全名：大不列顛及北愛爾蘭聯(lián)合王國。2．Almost everywhere you go in the UK, you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history．該句是一個復合句。該句主句為：you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people；其中Almost everywhere you go in the UK為讓步狀語從句； who took over at different times throughout history為定語從句修飾先行詞people。譯文：幾乎無論你走到英國的任何地方，你都會發(fā)現(xiàn)歷史上有四種不同的人在不同的時期統(tǒng)治過英國。3．The capital city London is a great place to start, as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times．該句是一個復合句。該句主句為：The capital city London is a great place to start; as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times．為原因狀語從句；dating all the way back to Roman times為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語修飾history。
新人教版高中英語必修2Unit 4 History and Traditions-Reading for Writing教案
Step 1 Lead inThere are many interest of places in the UK. What do you know ?The Big Ben the London Tower the Thames RiverStep 2 Before reading---analyze the titleBeautiful Ireland and its traditionWe know that the article mainly tells about the beauty and traditions of Ireland. Step 3 While reading---Task 1Read the text and answer the following questions.Q1: What makes the Irish countryside exciting and inspiring?Its beauty and how it offers something for all the scenes.Q2: What are the best ways to experience some Irish traditions and cultures?By stopping by a village pub and relaxing with a drink and traditional meal while listening to music and watching dancingQ3: What is the meaning of “breathe in the sweet scent of fresh flowers while birds greet the new day with their morning song ?”It means to not just smell but also breathe in the smell of fresh flowers early in the morning as the birds sing their first song of the new day.Q4: What are the best ways to experience Chinese traditions and customs ?By travelling to different places and using all your senses to experience everything and by interacting with local people.Step 4 While reading---Task 2Analyze the descriptive paragraph1. Identify and underline the paragraph’s introductory sentence and the ending sentence.Introductory sentence: Ireland’s beautiful countryside has always had a great influence on its people and traditions.Ending sentence: And if you introduce yourself to a friendly face, you are more than likely to experience local culture and customs first-hand.2. The paragraph talks about different senses in different places. Write the senses and places in the order that they appear.
新人教版高中英語必修2Unit 4 History and traditions教案
這個地區(qū)有著深厚的傳統(tǒng)。既學既練：為了讓更多的外國游客了解中國文化，欣賞中國美麗的自然風光，感受中國發(fā)生的巨大變化，某外文雜志社將出版一本英語小冊子來介紹中國的旅游景點。該雜志社邀請你為該小冊子寫一篇英語短文來介紹杭州，內(nèi)容包括：1．杭州的位置(中國東南部)、面積(16 000多平方公里)及歷史(2 200多年)等；2．杭州的旅游特色(自然風景、傳統(tǒng)文化、特色小吃等)；3．希望更多的游客來杭州參觀。注意：1．詞數(shù)80左右；2．可適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。Located in the southeast of China, Hangzhou is a beautiful city．Dating back more than 2，200 years, Hangzhou covers an area of more than 16，000 square kilometers．In Hangzhou, you can visit the West Lake, whose scenery is fascinating．In addition, you can’t miss its cultural relics and historical sites, from which you will learn more about excellent Chinese traditional culture and traditions．In Hangzhou, the special snacks are famous and visitors from different parts of the world think highly of them．As a tourist attraction, Hangzhou attracts a large number of visitors from home and abroad every year．Once you come to China, Hangzhou is a scenic spot you can’t miss．
新人教版高中英語必修3Unit 4 Space Exploration-Discovering Useful Structures導學案
【點津】 1.不定式的復合結(jié)構(gòu)作目的狀語 ,當不定式或不定式短語有自己的執(zhí)行者時，要用不定式的復合結(jié)構(gòu)?即在不定式或不定式短語之前加 for ＋名詞或賓格代詞?作狀語。He opened the door for the children to come in. 他開門讓孩子們進來。目的狀語從句與不定式的轉(zhuǎn)換 英語中的目的狀語從句，還可以變?yōu)椴欢ㄊ交虿欢ㄊ蕉陶Z作狀語，從而使句子在結(jié)構(gòu)上得以簡化?？煞譃閮煞N情況： 1?當目的狀語從句中的主語與主句中的主語相同時，可以直接簡化為不定式或不定式短語作狀語。We'll start early in order that/so that we may arrive in time. →We'll start early in order to/so as to arrive in time. 2?當目的狀語從句中的主語與主句中的主語不相同時，要用動詞不定式的復合結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語。I came early in order that you might read my report before the meeting. →I came early in order for you to read my report before the meeting.
高中歷史人教版必修一《第2課秦朝中央集權(quán)制度的形成》說課稿
【課件展示】《秦朝中央集權(quán)制度的建立》《教材簡析》《教學目標》《教法簡介》《教學過程設計及特色簡述》【師】本節(jié)內(nèi)容以秦代政治體制和官僚系統(tǒng)的建立為核心內(nèi)容，主要包括秦朝中央集權(quán)制的建立的背景、建立過程及影響。本節(jié)內(nèi)容在整個單元中起到承前啟后的作用，在整個模塊中也有相當重要的地位。讓學生了解中國古代中央集權(quán)政治體制的初建對于理解我國古代政治制度的發(fā)展乃至我們今天的政治體制是十分必要的。 本堂課我采用多媒體和講授法及歷史辯論法相結(jié)合，通過巧妙設計問題情境，調(diào)動學生的學習積極性，使學生主動學習，探究思考。教師引導和組織學生采取小組討論、情景體驗等方式，達到教學目標。 本節(jié)內(nèi)容分三個部分，下面首先看秦朝中央集權(quán)制度建立的前提即秦的統(tǒng)一
人教版高中歷史必修2羅斯福新政教案
【教學參考】對“新政”作用的評價史學界對“新政”作用的評價是仁者見仁、智者見智，但基本上有三種觀點，即“功大于過論”、“過大于功論”和“功過參半論”。持“功大于過論”者認為“新政”在美國歷史上基本上是一種進步現(xiàn)象，首先，“新政”挽救了危機，使美國人民擺脫了危機的困苦局面；其次，在缺少足夠的宏觀經(jīng)濟政策知識的時代，羅斯福所做的努力確實是開創(chuàng)性的；再次，羅斯福“新政”開啟了美國以后歷屆政府實施國家干預政策的大門，成為緩解自由主義經(jīng)濟制度之弊病的一劑良方，并在實質(zhì)上加強了美國聯(lián)邦政府的權(quán)威；最后，在30年代資本主義世界經(jīng)濟危機的背景下，同日本、德國為轉(zhuǎn)嫁危機而發(fā)動戰(zhàn)爭的策略相比，“新政”無疑代表了一種進步、民主的解救危機方式。持“過大于功論”者認為“新政”未能使美國走出蕭條、步入繁榮。
人教版新課標高中物理必修2驗證機械能守恒定律教案2篇
教學目標㈠知識與技能1．要弄清實驗目的，本實驗為驗證性實驗，目的是利用重物的自由下落驗證機械能守恒定律。2．要明確實驗原理，掌握實驗的操作方法與技巧、學會實驗數(shù)據(jù)的采集與處理，能夠進行實驗誤差的分析，從而使我們對機械能守恒定律的認識，不止停留在理論的推導上，而且還能夠通過親自操作和實際觀測，從感性上增加認識，深化對機械能守恒定律的理解。3．要明確織帶選取及測量瞬時速度簡單而準確的方法。㈡過程與方法1．通過學生自主學習，培養(yǎng)學生設計實驗、采集數(shù)據(jù)，處理數(shù)據(jù)及實驗誤差分析的能力。2．通過同學們的親自操作和實際觀測掌握實驗的方法與技巧。3．通過對紙帶的處理過程培養(yǎng)學生獲取信息、處理信息的能力，體會處理問題的方法，領悟如何間接測一些不能直接測量的物理量的方法。
《包身工》說課稿（二） 2021-2022學年統(tǒng)編版高中語文選擇性必修中冊
3、通過分析理解作者是如何在典型環(huán)境中刻畫出典型人物的。（設計意圖：因為《普通高中語文新課程標準》中要求學生把握報告文學的語言特色，所以需要分析文中重點語句的語言特色。同時，由于報告文學的藝術(shù)價值體現(xiàn)在文學性上，它不能像新聞報道那樣，只有事件梗概，它必須刻畫人物形象，必須有環(huán)境等方面的描寫，加強語言的藝術(shù)感染力，所以在教學過程中要注重對典型環(huán)境中的典型人物的分析。）三、課時安排：兩課時四、教學設計：（第一課時的教學過程）1、通過表格來對比分析報告文學與新聞的異同點。使學生明確理解到報告文學的藝術(shù)價值在于它的文學性，而其文學性主要通過對人物的刻畫、環(huán)境的描寫等方面的文學手段的綜合運用。2、為了更好的了解本文，要學生相互分享收集到的時代背景資料及作者簡介。3、讓學生快速瀏覽課文找出本文的表層結(jié)構(gòu)，初步感知到本文的表層結(jié)構(gòu)是按照時間順序來敘述描寫包身工一天的活動及按事物發(fā)展的順序敘述包身工制度的產(chǎn)生發(fā)展及膨大。
《念奴嬌·赤壁懷古》說課稿（二） 2022-2023學年統(tǒng)編版高中語文必修上冊
讀，是學生接觸作品最直接的方式。初讀詞作，讓學生聽示范讀，并且在課本注解的提示下，解決詞作的讀音問題。再進一步了解詞人情況、本詞的創(chuàng)作背景以及懷古詠史詩詞的基本情況。通過齊讀的方式，親身感受詞作的音韻之美。讀，是放飛想象的最好方式。再讀詞作，通過誦讀上闕內(nèi)容，想象上闕描繪了一幅什么樣的情景？用了哪些富有表現(xiàn)力的詞來極力描繪這些景象？呈現(xiàn)出何種意境？有何作用？并且利用智慧課堂進行填空和選擇。讀，是把握內(nèi)容的最有用的方式。通過智慧課堂隨機選擇，引導學生分角色誦讀下闕，分析三國時的周瑜與此時的詞人蘇軾的形象。在對比中，感受周瑜的情場、官場、戰(zhàn)場，場場得意的情況，和蘇軾的黃州、惠州、儋州，州州失意的人生境遇。理解周瑜之于蘇軾而言，是某種程度上熱切向往的和難以企及的夢。讀，也是賞析體悟作品主要方式。學生再次齊讀下闕，賞析詞作最后兩句“人生如夢，一尊還酹江月”表達了作者怎樣的情感？來完成本篇內(nèi)容的學習。
《陳情表》說課稿（二） 2021-2022學年統(tǒng)編版高中語文選擇性必修下冊
概括出祖母的形象：祖母是一位對我恩重如山，身纏重病，風燭殘年的老人。（緊扣“嬰”，）了解作者身世：“生孩六月，慈父見背；行年四歲，舅奪母志。祖母劉，憫臣孤弱，躬親撫養(yǎng)。臣少多疾病，九歲不行，零丁孤苦，至于成立。既無伯叔，終鮮兄弟；門衰祚薄，晚有兒息。外無期功強近之親，內(nèi)無應門五尺之僮。煢煢孑立，形影相吊?！保ǜ爬鞔_：“孤苦”“孤弱”，突出“孤”）【先分析“應該盡忠”和“不得不去盡忠”，再分析“不能去盡忠”，避免了串講課文的平淡與枯燥，使課堂有了波瀾?！浚ㄈ┳穯柼骄?，察理析忠孝問題：只說自身孤苦、祖母多病是“以情動人”，或許能打動一個君王，但是對于像晉武帝這樣一個君王就很難說了。晉武帝究竟是一個什么樣的君王？李密又是用什么理由說服他的呢？其間體現(xiàn)了作者怎樣的機變和才智呢？
