
我們知道事物之間的矛盾會發(fā)生轉化。但是,由于老子看不到轉化的條件,更看不到人的主觀能動性,因此他對人類社會的發(fā)展抱著消極悲觀的態(tài)度,幻想回到“雞犬之聲相聞,老死不相往來”的“小國寡民”的社會。他的思想,通過《老子》一書留傳了下來。后來的莊子繼承了老子的思想,把“道”作為世界最高的原則,我們可以來看發(fā)生在莊子身上的一個故事:莊子在妻子死后,居然鼓盆而歌,朋友惠施去探望時責備他,他講出一番道理:“當我妻子剛死的時候,我怎么會不難過?可是我省思之后,覺察到她不但沒有生命,而且沒有形體;不但沒有形體,也沒有氣,然后在恍恍惚惚的情況下,變出了氣,氣再變化而出現(xiàn)形體,形體再變化而出現(xiàn)生命,現(xiàn)在又變化而回到死亡,這就好像春夏秋冬四季的運行一樣。這個人已經(jīng)安靜地睡在天地的大屋里,而我還跟在一旁哭哭啼啼。我以為這樣是不明白生命的道理,所以才停止哭泣啊!”

師:很好!我們知道,元明清時期,我國封建社會進入衰落時期,封建專制不斷加強,對文人的思想控制也在不斷加強,士大夫文人只有通過畫來表達自己的想法和內心世界,所以這時候的畫強調借物抒情。大家可以再看到這幅清朝鄭板橋《墨竹圖》,竹子非常清新俊逸,抒發(fā)了一個清高的文人情懷。大家可以仔細品味,鄭板橋的竹子有種脫俗的感覺,看后讓人非常靜心。同學們,在欣賞國畫的時候,我們不是一味地去看它像不像,而要更多去體會他的精神與氣質,沒有思想與內涵的人是畫不出一副好畫的,就算他畫技再好,他的也是沒有靈魂的。中國的水墨畫,雖然沒有涂顏料,它卻會使你感受到春天的綠,秋天的黃和冬天的白,我們可以在畫中找尋到自己精神的共鳴。好,剛剛講了這么多,現(xiàn)在請一位同學看到這表格來歸納一下每個時期國畫的不同特點。

這是略帶提高性的問題,旨在提高學生認識歷史的能力,搞清這一歷史問題有助于理解中西歷史發(fā)展的不同。(學生討論,教師總結歸納并展示。)不是資產(chǎn)階級民主思想,因為它們是資本主義萌芽的產(chǎn)物,資產(chǎn)階級作為一個階級還沒有產(chǎn)生。中國民主思想只停留在批判的層次上,并沒有提出新的思想,更沒有認識到人的基本權利。它沒有成為主流思想,因此沒有促進明清社會的轉型,尚未突破封建思想的束縛。而啟蒙思想集中力量批判專制主義、教權主義,描繪了未來資本主義社會的宏偉藍圖,開成了強大的社會思潮,推動了社會向資本主義社會的轉變。原因:(1)明清之際的資本主義萌芽較為脆弱,使早期民主思想的產(chǎn)生、發(fā)展缺乏強有力的物質基礎。(2)中國傳統(tǒng)文化的束縛和影響。(3)高度強化的專制中央集權制度的壓制使早期民主思想未能形成完整的體系。

建構群落特征3群落有一定的空間結構,包括垂直結構和水平結構。思維拓展從結構與功能相統(tǒng)一的角度思考群落內的分層結構的意義。6.4運用群落核心知識概念解決未知群落問題學生已掌握了同一時間內聚集在一定區(qū)域中各種生物種群的集合是生物群落,所有群落都有一定的物種組成、種間關系、空間結構,不同群落主要表現(xiàn)在其具體特征上的差異。在此基礎上,為學生提供新的問題情境,利用多媒體課件,展示不同生態(tài)環(huán)境下不同生物群落問題,讓學生運用已建構的群落概念,通過分析、演繹和具體化等辯證思維的過程解決未知的群落問題,課件展示熱帶雨林、溫帶草原、海洋、湖泊等生物群落。學生運用概念說明不同的群落的物種豐富度差異,列舉不同群落的種間關系,分析不同群落的垂直結構和水平結構,研究造成不同群落重要特征差異的原因。評價人類的活動對群落的結構的影響。

四、教學過程1.導入新課(2分鐘)出示中非合作論壇暨第3屆部長級會議圖片。用時事引起學生注意,設問,“55年前,亞洲與非洲有哪一次跨越印度洋的握手”,提示答案“萬隆亞非會議”,給出答案導入新課2.外交環(huán)境:學生閱讀,教師分析。(3分鐘)3.外交方針之一:獨立自主的和平外交方針(5分鐘) 出示材料:《共同綱領》引文。學生、閱讀、提煉除新中國奉行獨立自主的外交政策。進而由學生分析另起爐灶、打掃干凈屋子再請客和一邊倒。培養(yǎng)學生分析材料、利用材料的能力過度:新中國作出一邊倒大的積極主動態(tài)勢,社會主義陣營的兄弟們也立刻作出了積極回應。1949年10月2日,中蘇建立了外交關系。4.外交建樹之一:同蘇聯(lián)等17個國家建立外交關系(3分鐘)出示毛澤東訪問蘇聯(lián)等圖片和第一批建交的17個國家名字

2.民族工業(yè)的遭受打擊自主探究4:閱讀【歷史縱橫】和教材插圖,探究抗戰(zhàn)時期民族走向萎縮的原因有哪些?在淪陷區(qū)日軍的摧毀和吞并;在國統(tǒng)區(qū)國民政府強化對經(jīng)濟的全面統(tǒng)治;官僚資本壟斷經(jīng)濟命脈,壓制民族工業(yè)牟取暴利。造成了什么后果?(官僚資本的膨脹,民族資本的萎縮)3、民族工業(yè)的萎縮討論:為什么抗戰(zhàn)勝利了,民族資本主義工業(yè)反而日益萎縮呢?學生通過合作學習,對教材提供的資料進行認真分析,認識到美國的經(jīng)濟掠奪、官僚資本的擠壓、通貨膨脹三個因素的共同作用,使民族工業(yè)陷入絕境,紛紛倒閉??箲?zhàn)勝利后,國民政府雖采取了一些措施推動國民經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展,但是,國民政府為了取得美國的援助,不惜出賣國家主權,與美國在1946年簽訂《中美友好通商航海條約》,讓美國在華攫取政治、經(jīng)濟等特權。中國民族工業(yè)紛紛破產(chǎn)。

1.導入新課:用觸目精心的一首MTV《EARTHSONG》導入新課,引出人類已經(jīng)面臨嚴峻的人口、資源與環(huán)境的危機。而中國是世界上人口最龐大的國家,人口、資源與環(huán)境問題更加嚴重。既然我們知道了可持續(xù)發(fā)展的概況,了解了它的發(fā)展過程,從上節(jié)課內容的分析中,也理解了作為人類的發(fā)展,可持續(xù)是唯一的選擇,也是我們所追求的目標,那么,具體到我們國家、我們周圍的生產(chǎn)、生活情況又該如何呢?2.新課講授:首先,通過三則補充材料的案例和課本上的內容分別說明龐大的人口壓力,資源短缺和不合理利用,深刻的環(huán)境危機方面的問題,得出走可持續(xù)發(fā)展之路是我國的必然的唯一的選擇。接著通過《中國21世紀議程》——中國21世紀人口環(huán)境與發(fā)展的白皮書的過渡引出實施可持續(xù)發(fā)展的途徑。在這部分內容的講解上,主要通過其中一種主要途徑-循環(huán)經(jīng)濟的講解,特別是對清潔生產(chǎn)和生態(tài)農業(yè)的具體分析,總結出中國走可持續(xù)發(fā)展之路事在必行,行必有果。再通過完成課本上最后一個活動題對本節(jié)內容進行深化。

現(xiàn)代詩歌賞讀方法四:美讀(飽含謳歌與贊美情感再一次有感情地配樂朗讀全文,對比前面的朗讀,在讀中加深情感的領悟。)(五)延伸拓展引進生活的源頭活水,用情感來撞開學生的心扉。引導學生找到文章與現(xiàn)實的聯(lián)系點,抓住這一聯(lián)系點,讓語文回歸生活。我設計了“本詩哪些語段讓你聯(lián)想到自己的母親?講講你和母親的故事?!边@個問題是把對大堰河的感情升華為對母親的感情的過程。這樣將語文學習的外延與生活的外延相等,把課文與生活有機地結合在一起。要求學生講述條理清楚,語言生動。教師可以播放背景音樂,調動學生情感。這樣,不僅鍛煉了學生的口語表達能力,培養(yǎng)了學生感恩美德,同時也深化了本文的教學難點?,F(xiàn)代詩歌賞讀方法五:比讀(投影出示孟郊《游子吟》比較兩詩的異同,并有感情地朗誦。)(六)布置作業(yè)。把“你與母親的故事”整理成一篇文章。

(二)、課前檢測:1.課文從哪幾方面介紹馬克思的偉大貢獻?具體介紹一下有哪些偉大貢獻?2.概述課文的結構。此項設置主要是讓學生熟悉課文,為下文揣摩語言打基礎?!皽毓手隆?。(三)、新課講授:1.先引導學生完成一些語句的揣摩理解,然后師生共同歸納揣摩重點語句的方法。問題1:為什么說馬克思“停止思想”“安靜地睡著了”“永遠地睡著了”?問題2:諱飾修辭手法的運用有什么作用?答案:表達了作者對馬克思的哀悼與尊敬以及不忍再說,而又不得不說的沉痛心情。以上兩個問題重在引導學生從重點句段入手揣摩語言。問題3:第三段是一個復雜的單句,它的句子主干是什么?冒號后面作為賓語的復指成分可以分為哪幾層意思?“正像達爾文……一樣”在句子中是什么成分?起什么作用?

3.甲午中日戰(zhàn)爭中國戰(zhàn)敗的原因 對于“中國戰(zhàn)敗的原因”這一難點的突破,主要通過設置問題“中國之敗敗在實力遜于日本嗎?”通過幻燈片全方位分析其實中國的綜合國力當時是強于日本的。并且在戰(zhàn)前,日本毫無取勝的把握。讓學生結合剛學習過的戰(zhàn)爭原因和經(jīng)過進行討論,從多方面分析中國戰(zhàn)敗的原因。經(jīng)過討論,學生可以得出以下結論:避戰(zhàn)自保方針,沒有積極備戰(zhàn),將領臨陣脫逃,教師肯定并總結答案進行補充。中日對比:中國士兵出身農民,軍事訓練落后,散兵游勇;日本士兵出身武士,訓練有素;中國將領大多臨陣脫逃,并相互猜忌,受當時惡劣的官風影響;李鴻章深知北洋海軍實情,缺乏軍費,軍備廢弛。為政治資本奉行避戰(zhàn)自保政策,慈禧太后挪用海軍軍費過壽,支持李鴻章。使中方處于被動的局面,一再貽誤戰(zhàn)機。而日本在天皇的帶動下,全民備戰(zhàn),做了充分的戰(zhàn)爭準備。

一、人類遺傳病1.概念2.分類(1)單基因遺傳病(2)多基因遺傳病(3)染色體異常遺傳?、僭颌陬愋?遺傳病的特點4.遺傳病對人類的危害八、說布置作業(yè)在作業(yè)的布置中,我嚴格遵循“重質量、輕負擔”的指導思想。第一題主要是為了幫助學生及時糾正原有的對知識的錯誤理解或片面認識,培養(yǎng)學生的解題技巧和技能。所以我選用了該題。同時想借助該題培養(yǎng)學生對問題的科學的思維方法和探究的精神。幫助學生提高對信息技術運用的熟練程度,發(fā)展學生的信息素養(yǎng)。附作業(yè):1、連線題,請同學們連線指出下列遺傳各屬于何種類型?(1)苯丙酮尿病 A、單基因遺傳?。?)21三體綜合征(3)抗維生素D佝僂病 B、多基因遺傳?。?)軟骨發(fā)育不全(5)青少年型糖尿病 C、常染色體病2、以生物小組為單位進行人類遺傳病的調查。

今天我們來介紹一下必修五第四單元的授課方式。這個單元的題目是Making the news。應該是學生比較感興趣的話題,學生往往對新聞工作充滿好奇,所以我們可以利用這個機會多設計一些師生互動和學生互動,來激發(fā)起學習的積極性,提高學習效率。同時我們可以利用這個單元不僅幫助學生掌握語言知識,培養(yǎng)語言能力,同時讓其了解新聞工作的重要性,培養(yǎng)起社會智能感。這個單元分為六個課時,它的教學目標是這樣的:語言目標是掌握詞匯表中的常用單詞和短語,掌握倒裝句的一些基本用法。 技能目標是能初步掌握約會的基本句型并在真實的場景下正確運用。新聞報道類文章的寫作技能。采訪的基本規(guī)范和溝通技能。情感目標是對新聞報道的客觀性和真實性有更好的理解。對新聞記者的職業(yè)有更深入的了解,并能體會其工作的重要性。下面我們來介紹一下第一課時的授課方式,第一課的教學目標是這樣的第一課時的教學目標語言目標:單詞:Occupation, journalist, editor, photographer, curious, personality, enthusiasm

三、辛亥革命的結局1.袁世凱竊取革命果實由課件給出竊取革命果實的簡單過程,幫學生理清思路,創(chuàng)設問題情境,由學生分析革命果實被竊取的原因,教師給以補充并揭示根本原因,貫穿整個革命的資產(chǎn)階級的軟弱性和妥協(xié)性,再次加深對難點的理解。2.歷史功績辛亥革命性質、功績由學生閱讀書本進行總結,再加以補充讓學生在書本上做好記錄,強調最大功績是結束了兩千多年的君主專制政體。辛亥革命的失敗及其評價很易搞成生硬的一言堂形式,可以從多種角度把學生思維調動起來。這里采用列舉一個合作探究,自由討論的題目“有人認為辛亥革命因為沒有完成反帝反封建的革命任務而失敗,有人則認為辛亥革命是中國“從君主到民主”社會轉型的成功開始。你同意哪種看法?”要求同學們自由討論.各抒己見,大膽創(chuàng)新,言之在理即可.教師在一旁引導學生,活躍課堂氣氛.最后教者歸納總結學習歷史從不同的角度看問題可以得出不同的結論,學會用辯證的觀點看待歷史問題,對辛亥革命有個全面的認識。

f.有絲分裂的意義(討論分析教學),首先引導學生結合所學知識討論有絲分裂的的作用,最后有教師歸納總結,并要求學生在理解的基礎上記憶。g.無絲分裂(圖形直觀教學、簡介),本部分內容不是教學的重點,內容也相對簡單,所以我的教學方法是直接給學生展示掛圖,再進行簡短介紹,讓學生了解即可。h.引出減數(shù)分裂的概念,為第五章學習打下基礎。小結:新課講完以后由教師對本節(jié)內容進行總結鞏固和反饋:進行一些課堂練習達到鞏固和反饋的作用。最后布置作業(yè),各種難度的作業(yè)題目均設置一些,其中簡單題比重大,難題要求學生選作,這樣提高學生學習積極性。2教學媒體程序設計: 細胞周期的概念(多媒體課件演示周期動畫)植物細胞有絲分裂(多媒體課件演示分裂各期動畫)動植物細胞有絲分裂異同點(多媒體課件演示分裂各期動畫)有絲分裂過程中DNA和染色體數(shù)量的變化規(guī)律(掛圖演示,包括表格和函數(shù)圖象)

四、說教學程序(一).溫故知新、導入新課復習提問:基因突變導致生物變異的原因是什么?回答:基因突變是基因結構發(fā)生改變,從而使遺傳信息改變,使蛋白質結構改變、生物性狀改變,即生物發(fā)生了變異。那么,基因是什么?它和染色體又有何關系?回答:基因是有遺傳效應的DNA片斷,染色體是DNA的載體,基因在染色體上呈線形排列。引出新知:對于一個生物體來說,正常情況下,其染色體的結構和數(shù)量都是穩(wěn)定的。但在自然條件或人為因素的影響下,染色體的結構和數(shù)量均會發(fā)生改變,從而導致生物性狀的改變,這就屬于染色體變異。(二).把握重點、突破難點重點的把握:1、染色體結構的變異播放影片:貓叫綜合征幼兒。讓學生觀察: 患兒哭聲輕、音調高,很像貓叫。教師補充: 患兒的征狀---兩眼較低、耳位低下,存在著嚴重的智力障礙。闡述病因---染色體片段缺失

2. let the Ss complete the forms paragraph by paragraph. Purpose here is to help Ss to get the habit of reading a passage as a whole, and pay attention to the organization of the text, as a result the Ss will fully understand the whole passage.3. ask Ss to retell the passage with the help of the key words in the form.Since the Ss in the class are in different levels, so I let them to fill in the blank to understand the meaning of the words and phrases better. ( That’s all for the while-reading. Now let’s move to the fifth step.)Step V: Post-reading (10mins) ---DiscussionIn this part students are asked to discuss in groups and list Wang Kun’s and Wang Wei’s attitudes about the trip. After that, Ss are encouraged to express their attitudes with the whole class. Collect their answers and don’t forget to praise them even if their answers may not be perfect.In this activity, discussion provides a vivid and active learning environment for Ss to communicate in English with newly learned language items. (Finally it comes to the homework.)StepⅥ: Homework (1min)1. Ss are required to read the text again after class and figure out the meaning of some complex sentences.2. Do the exercises on P19; This can help Ss to consolidate what they’ve learnt and make preparation for the next lessonPart4. Blackboard design.(說板書設計)On the top, there is the title of this lesson. On the left, there are main ideas for each paragraph. On the right, there are some new words and expressions.Unit 3 Travel journalJourney down the MekongMain idea of each para.:Para1: deciding to take a great bike trip along the Mekong river.Para2: Different attitudes between Wang kun and Wang wei.

Step 7 Language points 1.Vocabulary (1) go through (2) set down (3) a series of (4) on purpose (5) in order to (6)at dusk (7)entirely (8)face to face 2.Important sentences (1)…I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. (2)There was a time when … (3)I stayed awake on purpose until … (4)It was the first time … that I’d seen the night … (5)It’s no pleasure looking through … Purpose: 1.Master the required vocabulary and sentence structures. 2.Use them freely. Step 8 Consolidation 1.Find out the topic sentences 2.Retell the text according to the topic sentences Purpose: I want to know if my students understand the text. Step 9 Discussion Imagine you have to go into hiding like Anne and her family, what would you miss most? Giveyour reasons. Purpose: Train Ss’ oral English ability. Step 10 Homework Write an article on Friends. Purpose: 1. Improve the Ss’ writing ability. 2 Train the Ss’ ability of self—teaching and looking up information by themselves. Part 5 Blackboard design(說板書設計)Unit 1 Friendship Reading Anne’s Best Friend 1.Main idea of each paragraph: Para. 1 Anne made her diary her best friend. Para .2 Anne wrote her feelings in her diary. Para .3 Anne missed nature. Para.4 Anne saw the night face to face Para.5 Anne wanted to experience nature outdoors. 2.Listening: Exx.1 P3 3.Discussion: Exx.3 P3 Purpose: 1.Make Ss familiar with the passage 2.Make the design inductive, instructive and artistic.

Ⅲ. Analysis of the teaching material:The topic of this unit is cultural relics. Students are quite interested in topics about different cultures around the world. This is the second period of the whole unit. As a reading class, the passage mainly talks about the history of the amber room (how it was made, sent as a gift, lost and rebuilt).According to the new national curriculum, when teaching reading, much emphasis should be put on training the students’ reading skills.Ⅳ. Teaching objectives1. Language objectives:1) Students are required to master the key words and phrases occurred in the passage (e.g. amazing, decorate, belong, in return, less than etc.)2) Students are required to learn the attributive clause and acquire the sentence pattern.2. 1) Students are required to describe a certain thing by using the new sentence patterns.2) Students are required to master two kinds of reading skills—skimming and scanning, and learn to use them in their daily reading.3. 1) Students are required to know the history of the amber room.2) Students are required to appreciate cultural relics and understand the importance of protecting them.Ⅴ. Teaching important and difficult points1) the new words, phrases, and sentence pattern in the course of reading.2) Teaching difficult point: Help the students master two kinds of reading skills—skimmingand scanning and learn to apply them in daily use.Ⅵ. Teaching methods:Task-based method & Top-down model Ⅶ. Teaching aids: PPT, pictures, blackboard Ⅷ. Teaching procedure:

Good morning, distinguished judges:It’s my honor to talk about my teaching ideas with you. Today my topic is Women of Achievement. My presentation consists of six parts: the analysis of teaching material and student, teaching aims, key and difficult points, teaching and studying method, teaching procedures and blackboard design.First, let’s focus on the analysis of teaching material. This lesson is from New Senior English for China Student’s Book 4 Unit 1, the reading part. The main topic of the passage is the introduction of a student of Africanwildlife. After this lesson, the students will learn more information about her studying chimps in Africa, and their reading and speaking abilities can be developed as well.The next part is the analysis of students. My students are in senior high students. They have learnt English for many years, they’ve known many words and sentences, but their speaking and reading abilities are still not very good. So I will practice their speaking and reading abilities through different exercises.According to the New Standard Curriculum and the present situation, I set the teaching aims as follows: firstly, knowledge aims. Students can grasp some new words, such as worthwhile, move off. Moreover, students can understand the content of the passage and get familiar with the topic of studying chimps in wildlife. Secondly, ability aims. Students can use reading strategies such as skimming and scanning in reading process. Thirdly, emotional aims. Students can have the awareness of protecting animals and care about animals.Based on the above analysis, the key point of this lesson is to get the main idea and the detailed information from the passage; the difficult point is to talk about the wildlife protection and use reading strategies.

In this class, I have 3 teaching aims, that is, knowledge aims, ability aims and emotion aims.1) Knowledge-Teach students new words and expressions, such as temporary, bleed,sprain choke, first aid, fall ill and so on.-Enable students to have a better understanding for some basic knowledge of first aid.2) Ability-Train students’ speaking, reading and writing abilities by different teaching activities, such as skimming, comprehending, team work, role play, retelling and writing.-Develop students’ reading strategy on how to move general idea to specific information.3) Emotion-Promote students’ awareness of giving first aid.- Cultivate students’ creativities.Then let’s come to my teaching methods and activities.III. Teaching methods and activities:To achieve different teaching aims, various kinds of teaching methods and activities will be adopted throughout this period, such as TBL (task-based learning), skimming, team work, brainstorm and others, which can offer students opportunities to fulfill tasks in which they can use language to achieve a specific outcome.IV. Teaching aids:Computer and blackboardV. Teaching important points:1) Make students have a clear mind for the structure of the text.2) Help students understand the theme of the text.VI. Teaching difficulties:1) So many new words may affect students’ understanding.2) How to get students to know about the functions of the skin and thecauses, characteristics and treatments for different degree burns,and the knowledge about giving first aid. VII. Blackboard design:
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