Unit 4 Journey Across a Vast Land教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)

過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)

Thisunit focuses on past participle forms as predicatives and adverbials.When thepast participle is used as a predicative, there is usually a passive relationshipbetween the past participle and its logical subject.When the past participle isused as an adverbial, it usually expresses the time, reason and accompanyingstate in the sentence.The past participle has a passive relationship with itslogical subject and often contains a perfect sense. 課件教案

1. Guide the students to think about the different meanings and functions ofpast participle forms as predicatives and adverbials.

2. Let the students practice and further consolidate the use of pastparticiple form as adverbial.

3. Cultivate students’ thinking ability and enhance their creativity of usingthis grammar.

Let the students practiceand further consolidate the use of past participle form as adverbial.

Step1: Try to find outall the sentences in this unit containing –ed forms used as the predicative oradverbial and then sum up their common rules.

1．The next day was clearand mild ，and they were pleasedto see the beautiful mountains looking out over the city.

2．Seen from the trainwindow, the mountains and forests of Canada looked massive.

＝When they were seenfrom the train window, the mountains and forests of Canada looked massive.

3．The girls were amazedto see such an open country.

4．Do you feel frightenedwhen going into the wilderness alone?

5．Seen from the top ofthe mountain，the scenery was reallyfascinating.

＝When it was seen fromthe top of the mountain，the scenery was reallyfascinating.

6．Finally ，the company—headed by its newmanager—started to make a profit.

＝Finally ，the company was headed by its new manager and it started to make aprofit.

7．When asked what thetrip meant to him，the man said it was “anexperience of a lifetime”．

＝ Asked what the tripmeant to him，the man said it was “an experience of a lifetime”．

總結(jié)規(guī)律：

1．句1、3、4中的過(guò)去分詞在句中作表語(yǔ)。

2．句2、5、6、7中的過(guò)去分詞在句中作狀語(yǔ)。

3．由句2、5可知，過(guò)去分詞作時(shí)間、條件、方式、比較或讓步狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可用狀語(yǔ)從句改寫。

4．由句6可看出，過(guò)去分詞作伴隨或方式狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可用并列句改寫。

5．由句7可知表示時(shí)間、條件、方式、比較或讓步的狀語(yǔ)，可用“從屬連詞＋過(guò)去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。

Step2: The teacher instructs Ss to review the basic knowledgeabout the past participle used as the predicatives and adverbials.

一、過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)

1．過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)的用法

過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，總是在連系動(dòng)詞，如be、appear、seem、look、remain、feel、get等之后，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，表示主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)或感受，主語(yǔ)多為人。分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與句子的主語(yǔ)之間構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。

We got a little sunburned/sunburnt , but the day had been sorelaxing that we didnt mind.

我們曬傷了一點(diǎn)，但這一天過(guò)得很輕松，所以我們都不介意。

I was disappointed at the film I saw last night.我對(duì)昨晚看的電影感到失望。

When I entered his room, he was buried in his books.當(dāng)我進(jìn)入他的房間時(shí)，他正在埋頭讀書。

The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains.這座城市三面環(huán)山。

She looked disappointed at the bad news.聽到這個(gè)壞消息她看上去很失望。

In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained stuck abroad due tothe volcanic ash cloud.

由于火山灰的原因，4月份仍有成千上萬(wàn)的度假者滯留在國(guó)外。

2．過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的區(qū)別

過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)表示主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)，而被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)則表示一個(gè)被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作。

This lake is badly polluted.這個(gè)湖受到了嚴(yán)重污染。(系表結(jié)構(gòu)，表示狀態(tài))

This lake is badly polluted by a paper mill.這個(gè)湖被一家造紙廠嚴(yán)重污染了。(被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，表示動(dòng)作)

This book is well written.這本書寫得很好。(系表結(jié)構(gòu)，表示狀態(tài))

This book was written by Lu Xun.這本書是魯迅寫的。(被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，表示動(dòng)作)

While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted，Henry did his best to perform his duty.

當(dāng)?shù)却龣C(jī)會(huì)被提升的時(shí)候，亨利盡力履行好他的職責(zé)。

We are all interested in what has been performed.我們對(duì)表演的節(jié)目很感興趣。

The cup was broken by Jim.杯子是吉姆打破的。

3．感覺類及物動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別

英語(yǔ)中有很多與感覺有關(guān)的及物動(dòng)詞，其現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)意義，即“令人有某種感覺的”，多用來(lái)修飾物；其過(guò)去分詞含有被動(dòng)意義，即“人被引起某種感覺的”，多用來(lái)指人、人的聲音或表情等。常用的這類詞有

exciting 令人激動(dòng)的

excited 激動(dòng)的;興奮的

astonishing令人驚訝的

astonished 驚訝的

surprising令人吃驚的

surprised感到吃驚的

discouraged感到沮喪的

discouraging 令人沮喪的

disappointing令人失望的

disappointed感到失望的

delighted高興的

delighting令人高興的

frightened 嚇壞了的...

frightening令人害怕的

encouraging令人鼓舞的

encouraged受到鼓舞的

pleased滿意的

pleasing 令人高興的

shocking令人震驚的

shocked感到震驚的

tiring令人疲勞的

tired感到疲勞的

worried感到擔(dān)心的

worrying令人擔(dān)心的

puzzling令人迷惑的

puzzled感到迷惑的

satisfied感到滿意的

satisfying令人滿意的

interesting令人感興趣的

interested 感興趣的

moving感人的

moved受感動(dòng)的

We were surprised at what he said at the meeting.我們對(duì)他在會(huì)上講的話很是驚訝。

His words were discouraging, which made many people discouraged.

他的話令人泄氣，使得很多人灰心喪氣。

The frightened look on her face suggested that she was frightenedby the frightening scene.

她臉上驚恐的表情表明她被可怕的場(chǎng)景嚇壞了。

The news was exciting and they were all excited at it.這消息令人興奮，他們都很興奮。

We all felt encouraged at the encouraging news.聽到這令人鼓舞的消息，我們都感到鼓舞。

The audience were all moved to tears by the moving film.觀眾都被那部感人的電影感動(dòng)得流下了眼淚。

二、過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ))作狀語(yǔ)

1．過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ))表示被動(dòng)，表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，其邏輯主語(yǔ)則為句子的主語(yǔ)。過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可單獨(dú)使用，也可以在其前面加上適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞，可表示時(shí)間、條件、原因、讓步、方式、伴隨等。

When offered help, one often says “Thank you” or “Its kind ofyou”．(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))

當(dāng)被提供幫助的時(shí)候，人們常說(shuō)“Thank you”或“Its kind of you”。

Given another chance, I will do it much better.(條件狀語(yǔ))

如果再給我一次機(jī)會(huì)，我會(huì)干得更好。

Greatly inspired by what he did, I joined him in helping others.(原因狀語(yǔ))

由于受到他所做的事情的鼓勵(lì)，我也加入了幫助他人的行列。

Visited many times, the place is still worth visiting again.(讓步狀語(yǔ))

雖然已參觀了幾次，這個(gè)地方仍值得再來(lái)。

He has been preparing his paper all day long, locked in hisstudy.(方式狀語(yǔ))

鎖在書房里，他一整天都在準(zhǔn)備論文。

The guest walked into the room, greeted by his owner.(伴隨狀語(yǔ))

客人一邊和主人打招呼，一邊走進(jìn)了房間。