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人教版高中政治必修1面對經(jīng)濟全球化說課稿
2、傳授新知與學生展示（35分鐘） 先由老師點出本課的知識點，它包括：(1)經(jīng)濟全球化深入發(fā)展：結合課本91-93頁理解經(jīng)濟全球化的含義；經(jīng)濟全球化的表現(xiàn)：生產(chǎn)全球化，貿易全球化，資本全球化；跨國公司是實現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟全球化的載體。（跨國公司的含義、目的、作用分別是什么）（2）經(jīng)濟全球化的影響: 經(jīng)濟全球化的實質：以發(fā)達資本主義國家為主導的經(jīng)濟全球化；消極影響積極影響；如何應對經(jīng)濟全球化。講完了知識點，接著回歸圖片和書本的材料，給學生留下三個問題進行小組討論：A ：談談你感受到的經(jīng)濟全球化B :怎樣理解經(jīng)濟全球化是一把“雙刃劍”C:假如你是一位企業(yè)經(jīng)營者，面對經(jīng)濟全球化趨勢，你會怎么做？先完成討論的小組可舉手示意老師給予檢查，老師根據(jù)需要抽查同學到講臺進行展示討論的結果，并對表現(xiàn)突出的小組進行當堂獎勵。
人教版高中政治必修1稅收及其種類說課稿
在學生明確了稅收的含義之后，我將分別對稅收的三個基本特征進行解析。在講解了之后，并分別用實例對其進行說明，加深學生對知識點的印象。最重要的是，總結出關鍵的字眼，使得學生能夠清晰的區(qū)分出稅收的三個基本特征。將強制性概括為依法征稅、依法納稅；無償性概括為不具有償還性和返還型；固定性概括為規(guī)定應不應納稅、納什么稅、納多少稅。并跟學生指出，強制性是基本前提，無償性是核心。由此根據(jù)書上的內容，推導出稅收的三個基本特征相互之間的關系，即：三者缺一不可，統(tǒng)一于稅法。而且，無償性要求強制性，強制性保障無償性；而無償性與強制性又共同決定固定性。從而結束新課講授。3、課堂總結根據(jù)板書內容重新回顧本課學習的主要內容，包括稅收的含義，以及稅收的三個基本特征和它們之間的相互關系。4、作業(yè)布置讓學生預習稅收的種類的內容，尤其是增值稅和個人所得稅。同時了解父母每月所繳納的個人所得稅和怎么計算的。
人教版高中政治必修1消費及其類型說課稿
（三）課堂小結接著進行課堂小結，先讓學生自主總結，教師結合學生的總結，補充完善總結本節(jié)課的知識。并進行感情升華。這樣設計課堂小結，是為了讓學生學會自主總結知識，加深印象，教師總結幫助學生理清本課知識結構，并起到升華本節(jié)課的感情基調，落實教學目標。（四）課堂練習我將設計兩道題讓同學們做，鞏固課堂知識。本課題板書設計我主要采用大綱的形式展現(xiàn)，讓學生一目了然，便于識記和理解主干知識。五、教學預測最后我對本節(jié)課教學的效果進行預測：在這個教學過程中我都是從學生生活中感知的現(xiàn)象入手，設計情境，預設學生的分析，學生的體驗，學生的感知，教師的點撥等。設計問題，學生自主合作探究，完成教學！通過這樣的學習我想一定會收到較好的教學效果，當然，在實際的教學中，肯定也會出現(xiàn)一些意想不到的情況，我還會根據(jù)教學過程中的動態(tài)變化，及時地調整和修改預設內容。
人教版高中英語必修1Journey Down the Mekong說課稿
2. let the Ss complete the forms paragraph by paragraph. Purpose here is to help Ss to get the habit of reading a passage as a whole, and pay attention to the organization of the text, as a result the Ss will fully understand the whole passage.3. ask Ss to retell the passage with the help of the key words in the form.Since the Ss in the class are in different levels, so I let them to fill in the blank to understand the meaning of the words and phrases better. ( That’s all for the while-reading. Now let’s move to the fifth step.)Step V: Post-reading (10mins) ---DiscussionIn this part students are asked to discuss in groups and list Wang Kun’s and Wang Wei’s attitudes about the trip. After that, Ss are encouraged to express their attitudes with the whole class. Collect their answers and don’t forget to praise them even if their answers may not be perfect.In this activity, discussion provides a vivid and active learning environment for Ss to communicate in English with newly learned language items. (Finally it comes to the homework.)StepⅥ: Homework (1min)1. Ss are required to read the text again after class and figure out the meaning of some complex sentences.2. Do the exercises on P19; This can help Ss to consolidate what they’ve learnt and make preparation for the next lessonPart4. Blackboard design.（說板書設計）On the top, there is the title of this lesson. On the left, there are main ideas for each paragraph. On the right, there are some new words and expressions.Unit 3 Travel journalJourney down the MekongMain idea of each para.:Para1: deciding to take a great bike trip along the Mekong river.Para2: Different attitudes between Wang kun and Wang wei.
人教版高中英語必修1Anne's best friend說課稿
Step 7 Language points 1．Vocabulary (1) go through (2) set down (3) a series of (4) on purpose (5) in order to (6)at dusk (7)entirely (8)face to face 2．Important sentences (1)…I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. (2)There was a time when … (3)I stayed awake on purpose until … (4)It was the first time … that I’d seen the night … (5)It’s no pleasure looking through … Purpose: 1．Master the required vocabulary and sentence structures. 2．Use them freely. Step 8 Consolidation 1．Find out the topic sentences 2．Retell the text according to the topic sentences Purpose: I want to know if my students understand the text. Step 9 Discussion Imagine you have to go into hiding like Anne and her family, what would you miss most? Giveyour reasons. Purpose: Train Ss’ oral English ability. Step 10 Homework Write an article on Friends. Purpose: 1． Improve the Ss’ writing ability. 2 Train the Ss’ ability of self—teaching and looking up information by themselves. Part 5 Blackboard design（說板書設計）Unit 1 Friendship Reading Anne’s Best Friend 1．Main idea of each paragraph: Para. 1 Anne made her diary her best friend. Para .2 Anne wrote her feelings in her diary. Para .3 Anne missed nature. Para.4 Anne saw the night face to face Para.5 Anne wanted to experience nature outdoors. 2．Listening: Exx.1 P3 3．Discussion: Exx.3 P3 Purpose: 1．Make Ss familiar with the passage 2．Make the design inductive, instructive and artistic.
人教版高中英語必修1English around the world說課稿
(3)v. 給：提出；展現(xiàn)，顯現(xiàn)present sb. with sth. ; present sth. to sb. 把. . 交給；頒發(fā)；授予present sth. (for sth. )/present sth. to sb. e. g. Om his birthday, his friends presented him a collection of stamps. 在他生日時，他的朋友們送給他一套郵票作為禮物。The sword was presented by the family to the museum. 這家人把寶劍捐贈給了博物館。The committee will present the final report to Parliament in June. 委員會將在六月向議會提交最后的報告。You need to present yourself better. 你需要更善于展現(xiàn)自己。It is essential that we present a united front. 至關重要的是我們要表現(xiàn)得更加團結。Step 4 ConsolidationT:Now that we have got a general idea of these words and phrases. Lets make up some sentences using them to master them. Suggested sentences:1. Your duties include typing letters and answering the telephone. 2. It is one of the greatest roles that she has played. 3. A large number of people have applied for the job. 4. The number of the panda is declining. 5. I'11 go there, even if I have to walk. 6. He came up to me to ask for a light. 7. The novel is about a family who can't communicate with each other. 8. He based his plan on interests of most people. 9. Why doesn't he make use of his singing talent?Step 5 Summary and homeworkT:Today we dealt with several new words and phrases. After class I hope that youcan read them again and again to keep them in mind. That's all for today. You aredismissed.
人教版高中英語必修1Nelson Mandela--A Modern Hero說課稿
In this step, give students a few minutes to read the passage . While they are reading, I will write some key words of the text on the blackboard. Then ask students to retell the passage according to the key words.By retelling, students can improve their ability of language organization and have an overall understanding of the article.Step 4 Group discussionIn this step, students will be divided into groups of 4 to discussion the following question: What qualities make a great person?After their discussion, invite a few groups to make a report to the class.This group discussion can practice students’ oral English and cultivate their abilities of cooperation and communication.Step 5. HomeworkLet students write a short passage to introduce a great person he or she admires.The homework can consolidate the knowledge the students have learned and cultivate their writing ability. Part 6 Blackboard Design（板書設計）That’s all my teaching procedures. Finally, I’d like to say sth about part 6 blackboard design. On the top is the title. On the left, there will be some new words and expressions. In the middle of the blackboard, I will write some useful sentence structures so that the students can know clearly what they’ve learned and then try to master the knowledge.OK. That’s all for my presentation. Thank you for your attention.
人教版高中政治必修2對人民負責說課稿
在學生活動的基礎上，教師總結歸納：要堅持從群眾中來到群眾中去的工作方法。要求：政府要通過各種途徑，利用各種群眾組織、社會團體廣泛收集群眾意見和建議，認真對待群眾的來信來訪。還要為群眾誠心誠意辦實事，盡心竭力解難事，堅持不懈。通過合作探究，以此來培養(yǎng)學生的分析能力，探究能力以及透過現(xiàn)象看本質的能力，培養(yǎng)學生獲取信息的能力，自主學習的能力以及全面看問題的能力，再結合教師的講授，給學生一種茅塞頓開的感覺。環(huán)節(jié)四 回歸生活 提升情感我將引導學生閱讀課本，通過設置活動探究課，結合生活實際從時效，便利，實效等方面請學生評述公民求助或投訴的四種方式的特點和優(yōu)點。在這一過程中，我還會用多媒體展示常用的熱線電話，政府網(wǎng)站上有關信訪、政務公開及其他便民利民的欄目，豐富課堂資源。讓學生閱讀課本，自行歸納知識點，有助于培養(yǎng)學生自主學習能力。
人教版高中歷史必修2大眾傳媒的變遷說課稿
教學內容與分析本課內容是大眾傳媒的變遷，首先解題，了解什么是大眾傳媒。大眾傳媒就是傳播大眾信息的媒體，進入近代社會以來，人與人之間的聯(lián)系變得越來越密切，社會化程度大大加深，需要有一種大眾化、傳播速度快、傳播范圍廣的媒介作為人與人之間進行信息溝通的渠道，人類社會的傳媒手段應運而生，可由學生總結出有哪些主要的方式。報刊、影視、廣播，這三種大眾傳播媒體的依次出現(xiàn)，給人們的生活方式帶來了巨大的變化，被稱為三大媒介。由于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)同報紙、廣播和電視三大媒介一樣，具有傳播信息的功能，所以被稱為“第四媒介”，即“網(wǎng)絡媒介”。通過本節(jié)課的學習使學生了解中國近代社會生活的變化，體會歷史和時代發(fā)展的必然性，能夠站在發(fā)展的角度、用歷史的眼光思考問題。
人教版高中歷史必修2古代的經(jīng)濟政策說課稿
3、清代的“閉關鎖國”政策：（1）原因：①根本原因：自給自足的封建自然經(jīng)濟；②客觀原因：西方殖民者向東方殖民擴張；③直接原因：對付東南沿海人民的抗清斗爭（2）內容：嚴格限制對外貿易。但并不是禁絕海外貿易。康熙晚期，禁止商人前往南洋貿易；乾隆時只開廣州一處通商，并設立政府特許的貿易機構廣州“十三行”統(tǒng)一經(jīng)營管理對外貿易。（3）后果：①閉關鎖國政策妨礙了海外市場的開拓，抑制了資本的原始積累，從而阻礙了資本主義萌芽的發(fā)展。②閉關鎖國政策隔絕了中國與外界的聯(lián)系，從而阻斷了中國學習西方的先進科學技術，阻礙了生產(chǎn)力發(fā)展，使中國落后于世界潮流。③“閉關鎖國”政策在一定程度上也保護了國家的安全。教師可以設置問題：17-18世紀中國顯露出哪些危機？
人教版高中政治必修2共創(chuàng)幸福生活說課稿
環(huán)節(jié)三 案例分析 突破難點我將用多媒體展示兩組反映中學生參與民主管理的一些作法的圖片，和教材26-27頁的三個鏡頭，然后請同學們根據(jù)圖片和材料探究以下問題： 1. 聯(lián)系自身實際談談這些做法對我們有何啟示？ 2．實行農村村民自治和城市居民自治有什么意義呢？ 3. 我們在實際生活中應怎么做？這樣，通過圖片和材料的展示，點明了公民參與民主管理的意義，以此來誘發(fā)學生已有的真切體驗，感受其境，增強學生共創(chuàng)想和文明社區(qū)的積極性和情感。同時，我們也希望學生在學習本課的知識后，又能做到學以致用，把所學的知識真正用到社區(qū)管理中，為所在社區(qū)管理提合理建議，從而真正實現(xiàn)了知識從生活中來，又回到生活中去的理念。環(huán)節(jié)四課堂小結 課后延伸將用多媒體展示本節(jié)課的知識框架，并注重引導學生將今天所學新知識與前面知識聯(lián)系起來，幫助學生從宏觀上把握各知識點之間的關系，有利于學生理解記憶，以此來幫助教師在第一時間掌握學生學習信息的反饋，同時培養(yǎng)學生歸納分析能力、概括能力。
人教版高中政治必修2守望公共家園說課稿
環(huán)節(jié)四 課堂小結 鞏固知識本節(jié)課我采用線索性的板書，整個知識結構一目了然，為了充分發(fā)揮學生在課堂的主體地位，我將課堂小結交由學生完成，請學生根據(jù)課堂學習的內容，結合我的板書設計來進行小結，以此來幫助教師在第一時間掌握學生學習信息的反饋，同時培養(yǎng)學生歸納分析能力、概括能力。環(huán)節(jié)五 情景回歸，情感升華我的實習指導老師告訴過我們，政治這一門學科要從生活中來到生活去，所以在課堂的最后讓學生考察自己所在社區(qū)存在的問題，然后制定監(jiān)督方案，以此培養(yǎng)學生對理論的實際運用能力，同時檢驗他們對知識的真正掌握情況，以此達到情感的升華，本節(jié)課，我根據(jù)建構主義理論，強調學生是學習的中心，學生是知識意義的主動建構者，是信息加工的主體，要強調學生在課堂中的參與性、以及探究性，不僅讓他們懂得知識，更讓他們相信知識，并且將知識融入到實踐當中去，最終達到知、情、意、行的統(tǒng)一。
人教版高中政治必修2作出最佳選擇說課稿
環(huán)節(jié)四 模擬演練 情感升華我將讓同學們閱讀課本22頁的材料，并按照所提供的步驟，組織學生舉辦一次模擬聽證會，將學生分為四個小組，分別扮演教育局工作人員、人大代表、學生家長、學校校長的角色。待學生們模擬聽證會結束后，我將采訪學生，讓他們談談參加完聽證會后的感受，從而利用角色感悟總結落實民主決策的重大意義。這樣，學生們在模擬演練中，感悟公民要通過各種渠道參與民主決策，是推進決策科學化、民主化的重要環(huán)節(jié)。為學生將來參與政治生活積累經(jīng)驗，增強了學生的主人翁意識和社會責任感。環(huán)節(jié)五 課堂小結 課后延伸我將用多媒體展示本節(jié)課的知識框架，并注重引導學生將今天所學新知識與前面知識聯(lián)系起來，幫助學生從宏觀上把握各知識點之間的關系，有利于學生理解記憶。另外，適當?shù)恼n堂練習能檢驗學生掌握知識的情況，因此，課堂小結后我將讓學生做一些典型的練習，加深學生對本課知識的理解，同時為為下一課的學習做準備。
人教版高中語文必修3《林黛玉進賈府》說課稿5篇
【教學目標】我設置的本課的教學目標有三個:1、知識與技能(1)了解曹雪芹及《紅樓夢》(2)學習通過一個人物的行蹤、所見所聞,介紹典型環(huán)境,認識封建貴族階級豪奢極恥的生活以及森嚴的等級、禮儀制度(3)分析小說人物出場的描寫藝術，培養(yǎng)學生分析小說人物形象的能力。(4)一葉落而知秋”，通過對“林黛玉進賈府”這一故事情節(jié)的把握是否能引發(fā)對《紅樓夢》的認知興趣，并找到一個突破口，有針對性地進行自主探究，進而進行個性化解讀。（5）整體認知小說,認識小說悲劇的必然性和思想價值.2、過程與方法(1)用直觀演示和歸納探究法分析文章要點。(2)用討論探究法體驗作者對文中人物的情感態(tài)度。3、情感態(tài)度價值觀(1)正確理解《紅樓夢》的思想內涵,培養(yǎng)學生熱愛祖國傳統(tǒng)文化的思想感情。(2)認識封建大家族的腐朽沒落,理解賈寶玉追求個性自由反封建的精神。
人教版高中語文必修3《過秦論》說課稿3篇
本文篇幅較長，并且有一字句不易理解，因而對高一學生來說完全讀懂內容有一些困難。這樣的話，老師就要做好引導工作，把一些難點，或是出現(xiàn)詞類活用比較多，局勢比較特殊的句子，老師可以先給學生畫出來，存疑，或是與同學們一起討論解決。對那些不易懂的字詞就引導學生聯(lián)系上下文提供的語境、前后涉及的情節(jié)加以推測、判斷，以培養(yǎng)學生依據(jù)文脈推斷詞義的好方法。要求學生點出重點實詞、框出通假字，主要是為幫助學生積累和掌握一些文言文中常見的一詞多義、異讀現(xiàn)象、古今異義和通假現(xiàn)象的詞語，并進一步得出規(guī)律，指導今后的文言文學習。詞類活用和特殊句式在文言文翻譯中難度較大，也是本文教學的兩大難點。要求學生標出有活用現(xiàn)象的字和劃出句式特殊的句子，是基于兩點考慮：1、積累一定數(shù)量的第一手例句；2、引導學生加以分類，找出每類的相同特征，并抽取出來形成規(guī)律性的東西，從而上升到理性認識，使學生能由學會一個到會學多個。翻譯過程中注重指導學生養(yǎng)成用符號法表示重點字句的好習慣，如點、框、圈、劃線等符號應約定一致，便于突出翻譯中的重點、難點及復習。我的提示著重歸納了實詞“制”“亡”“遺”“利”等，名詞活用、形容詞活用、使動用法，被動句、狀語后置句。
人教版高中語文必修3《勸學》說課稿3篇
《勸學》是普通高中課程標準試驗教科書語文必修三第三單元的重點篇目，該文集中反映著名思想家荀子在學習問題上的觀點和精彩斐然的論證藝術。該單元所選課文都是古代的議論性散文。通過本單元的學習在于讓學生感受我國傳統(tǒng)文化的精神，掌握基礎的文言語法知識，學習如何清晰有力的表達自己的思想和見解。本文安排在單元的第一篇，如何指導學生學好這篇課文，是實現(xiàn)“授之以漁”，樹立學生學好文言文的信心，掌握文言學習方法的關鍵。根據(jù)新課標倡導從“知識與能力”、“過程與方法”、“情感態(tài)度與價值觀”三方面出發(fā)設計課程目標的要求和高一的學生對于文言文的知識還在積累的階段，應該注重基礎知識的積累和一定量的誦讀的實際情況。我擬確定以下教學目標：1，了解荀子論述學習的思想，明確學習要靠積累、堅持不懈、專心致志的道理。2，掌握積累文言實詞、虛詞，活用、古今異議等現(xiàn)象和固定句式。
人教版高中語文必修3《祝?！氛f課稿3篇
各位評委老師，大家好。我說課的題目是《祝?！贰Ｒ?、說教材（一）教材所處的位置和地位高中語文新課程教材必修五本書，共有2個單元中外小說單元。一個必修3的第一單元，一個是必修5的第一單元，共六篇文章。（《林黛玉進賈府》《祝?！贰独先伺c海》《林教頭風雪山神廟》《裝在套子里的人》《邊城》）《祝?！肥菍儆谇罢?。小說是擁有眾多讀者的一種文體，它可以多方面刻畫人物性格，描摹人物心理，完整地表現(xiàn)人物之間的沖突，還可以具體生動地再現(xiàn)人物生活的環(huán)境，因此在反映復雜的社會生活方面具有獨特優(yōu)勢。所以學習小說這種文學樣式，也是有助于學生學會鑒賞小說的基本方法，為將來的小說閱讀打下基礎。魯迅的《祝?！肥侵袊F(xiàn)代小說的精品，當中的人物祥林嫂也是魯迅小說中與阿Q、孔乙己三個最為出名的人物之一。研讀好這篇文章，對將來小說的閱讀，小說中人物的理解，甚至小說的寫作都有深廣意義。
人教版高中英語必修4Body Language說課稿4篇
Textbook: Senior English for China (Book 4), by Liu Daoyi Time Allotment: 1 period (40 minutes)Date: March 20, 2014Teaching aids: blackboard, Multi-media, Power Point, chalk I. Text Analysis （教材分析）This unit is about body language, and the text selected in the reading part demonstrates the difference and similarity of body language in many parts of the world. Through learning this passage, students are required to raise their awareness of using body language in different parts of the world. As body language is closely related to our daily life, it is easy to arouse students’ interest in learning this text. Reading skills and speaking training are designed around the text.II. Teaching Objectives （教學目標）By the end of the lesson, students will be able to:1. Language Skill Objective（語言技能目標）: develop reading ability （skimming and scanning）as well as speaking ability.2. Cultural Knowledge Objective（文化知識目標）: know about the cultural differences of using body language.3. Affective Objective（情感目標）: increase students’ awareness of using body language correctly in different cultures. III.Teaching Focuses and Difficulties（教學重點和難點）1. Teaching Focuses（教學重點）: the difference and similarity of body language in many parts of the world.2. Teaching Difficulties（教學難點）: develop students’ reading abilities of skimming and scanning and ask the students to show their opinions with fluent English.
人教版高中英語必修3Astronomy the science of the stars說課稿3篇
Step 2 Pre-listeningAfter students finish their discussion, I will show a picture of Newton and ask them: Who is him? What is he famous for? Could you find out some words to describe him? Maybe students will answer that he is genius for his finding of theGravitation, making a great contribution to the progress of human being. At that time I will show another two pictures of Einstein and Hawking, letting students guess who they are and write down their idea about the Gravitation. For I have arranged them to search more information about the gravity before this class, Students have beenfamiliar with the topic and will not be afraid about this abstract conception, which is helpful for their listening.Step 3 While-listeningIn this step, students will be required to listen the material for three times. The first and listening is extensive listening and the second and third listening is intensive listening. In the first time, They are required to listen a material including Part 1 and Part 2 and choose the best summary of the listening text. After they choose the right answer, They also need work in group to explain what is wrong with the others. Then I will make a conclusion that we should pay attention to the first paragraph and last paragraph and some keys to get the main idea. By doing this, their capacity of generalization will have a great improvement.Before the second listening, I will ask students to scan the blank on the power point quickly and ask them to note down some key words .Then ask them to listen to the Part 1again and fill the first column of the chart. Maybe some students just show the ideas of these three scientists an still can’t catch their development of gravity. Therefore, I will ask them to listen to Part 2 again and fill in the rest. After finish the listening, I will give them ten minutes to discuss with their partner. I will also guidethem to improve their answers when they discuss with others.
人教版高中英語必修4A taste of English Humor說課稿3篇
Then I would ask them to think of a funny English or Chinese and tell it to partners. While telling stories, they can use expressions and some acting to help make the story funny. 5 minutes would be given to do this.Those stories they told there will be the material for their writing. Soletting them tell it at first is helpful. And they can make a difference between telling a funny story and writing it down. Generally speaking, it is difficult forstudents to write well because they don’t know what to write and how to write. Asking them to tell their own stories at first can help them come up with what to write.After their telling, I would invite someone to share his/her story with all of us and I would write it down on the blackboard.This example story would be used as a sample to illustrate the format of funny story. Different from a story from teacher or textbook, a story from students can obviously become a interesting material to draw students’ attention.Then I would ask the whole class to put this story into several parts. It might be a little bit difficult for them. So I would ask them to find out whether all the sentences are necessary. After delete some sentences, there are 6 sentences left behind. Then they can easily put them into three parts. After interaction with students, I would teach them the right terms for each part and conclude the format of funny story.This step is the key and difficult point in my lesson. So I mainly usetask-based teaching method in this part and the task for students was divided into several stages. With the separated difficult level, students can find there are usually three parts in writing. They can also learn to write without the unnecessary parts in the process of analyzing. And then I wouldn’t rush to tell them the right terms to them directly. Instead, I would ask them to name them by their own. A confused mind is better for acquiring knowledge.While-writing:Then I would give students 7 minutes to write down this story, without other requirements.With all the preparations in pre-writing, students’ difficulties were cleared. So it would be much easier for them to write down the story within 7 minutes. There are no other requirements because students’ first writing is actually a drafting. It would be revise and edit several times later. Writing, as a skill
