
(1)“問君西游何時(shí)還……使人聽此凋朱顏?!痹?shī)題下未注明送何人入蜀,所以這里的“問君”無(wú)妨假定實(shí)有其人,可以讀得親切一些。將行而問“何時(shí)還”,已有不可行之意,重音要落在“不可攀”三字上,當(dāng)用勸說(shuō)的語(yǔ)氣讀。以下四句借鳥聲渲染旅途中悲涼凄清的氛圍,讀時(shí)要放低聲調(diào),有干里孤身之感,至“愁空山”徐徐而上。然后用感喟的語(yǔ)調(diào)讀主旨句,至“凋朱顏”略作一頓,以示意猶未盡。(2)“連峰去天不盈尺……胡為乎來(lái)哉!”仍是說(shuō)不可行,但內(nèi)容加深了一層,因?yàn)檎f(shuō)的是蜀道的險(xiǎn)惡。前四句不是純客觀的描寫,讀時(shí)須設(shè)想這是旅游者攀援于“連峰”“絕壁”之上置身于“飛湍瀑流”之間,要使聽者感到驚心動(dòng)魄。讀后可作稍長(zhǎng)停頓,再用“其險(xiǎn)也如此”緩緩收住。末句是詩(shī)人借用蜀人的口氣,對(duì)歷險(xiǎn)而來(lái)的游者深表嘆息——“胡為乎來(lái)哉”不是詢問,當(dāng)用降調(diào)讀,暗含“何苦而來(lái)”之意。

教材地位本課具有承上啟下的作用,前承文藝復(fù)興,后啟資產(chǎn)階級(jí)革命時(shí)代的到來(lái),啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng)為資本主義社會(huì)構(gòu)建了一套政治藍(lán)圖,具有前瞻性,是近代第二次思想解放運(yùn)動(dòng)。因此,本節(jié)內(nèi)容在整個(gè)教材中有著很重要的地位。教學(xué)目標(biāo)1、知識(shí)目標(biāo):(1)幫助學(xué)生了解啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng)的性質(zhì)、內(nèi)容和主要啟蒙 思想家及其主張。(2)理解啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng)興起的背景、影響。2、能力目標(biāo):(1)在討論和探究過程中訓(xùn)練學(xué)生的科學(xué)思維方法和自主學(xué)習(xí)的能力和掌握解題的方法。(2)通過指導(dǎo)學(xué)生閱讀啟蒙思想家的言論資料,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生對(duì)歷史資料的理解和歸納能力。3、情感價(jià)值目標(biāo):(1)培養(yǎng)人文意識(shí),強(qiáng)化法治觀念。(2)培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的團(tuán)結(jié)協(xié)作精神和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)意識(shí)。教學(xué)重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)(1)教學(xué)重點(diǎn):?jiǎn)⒚伤枷爰业闹鲝埣皢⒚蛇\(yùn)動(dòng)的影響。

“第二次鴉片戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)”爆發(fā)的原因的講析,可通過出示英國(guó)在鴉片戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)后在中國(guó)與洪都拉斯的正當(dāng)貿(mào)易對(duì)比表,讓學(xué)生觀察和創(chuàng)設(shè)情景來(lái)得出結(jié)論。戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的經(jīng)過及影響,可以通過兩次鴉片戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)形勢(shì)圖,以及一張相關(guān)的表格,從戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的根本目的、性質(zhì)、過程及影響等方面來(lái)比較兩次戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的異同,從而讓學(xué)生理解掌握“戰(zhàn)火再燃”其實(shí)就是中英鴉片戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的繼續(xù)和擴(kuò)大。并理解“第二次鴉片戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)”的如何使中國(guó)社會(huì)半殖民地半封建化的程度大大加深了。并突出英法兩國(guó)殖民者在占領(lǐng)北京期間所犯的滔天罪行。3、結(jié):結(jié)合板書設(shè)計(jì),讓生自己總結(jié)這節(jié)課所學(xué)的內(nèi)容,并通過課后習(xí)題練于講相結(jié)合,來(lái)鞏固本課知識(shí)。在此基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)本課線索及主要知識(shí)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)要的梳理。4、課題延伸:教材后探究學(xué)習(xí)總結(jié)中的一段材料,即《英國(guó)駐華商務(wù)監(jiān)督義律致英國(guó)外交大臣巴麥尊的機(jī)密件》,讓學(xué)生究義律對(duì)中國(guó)發(fā)動(dòng)鴉片戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)原因的說(shuō)辭來(lái)展開探討,啟發(fā)學(xué)生運(yùn)用辨證唯物主義的基本觀點(diǎn),澄清和批駁在在一問題上的一些錯(cuò)誤和謬論,從而提高學(xué)生辨別是非的能力和批判的能力.

一、說(shuō)教材《開辟新航路》是高中《歷史·必修二》第5課的內(nèi)容。從三個(gè)方面向?qū)W生介紹了歐洲人開辟新航路的歷史:即新航路開辟的原因和條件、新航路開辟經(jīng)過以及影響。前4課內(nèi)容介紹了古代中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)與特點(diǎn),從第5課開始學(xué)習(xí)資本主義世界市場(chǎng)的形成和發(fā)展。本課內(nèi)容相當(dāng)重要,上承古代中國(guó),下啟近代世界。新航路的開辟,打破了世界相對(duì)隔絕的狀態(tài),世界真正開始融合為一個(gè)整體。從此,以西歐為中心的世界市場(chǎng)的雛形開始出現(xiàn)。隨后的殖民擴(kuò)張,世界市場(chǎng)拓展;第一次工業(yè)革命,世界市場(chǎng)基本形成;第二次工業(yè)革命,世界市場(chǎng)發(fā)展。二、說(shuō)目標(biāo)1、課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)概述迪亞士、哥倫布開辟新航路的史實(shí),認(rèn)識(shí)地理大發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)世界市場(chǎng)形成的意義。2、三維目標(biāo)①知識(shí)與能力:掌握新航路開辟的原因、經(jīng)過、影響。②過程與方法:引導(dǎo)學(xué)生分析原因及影響,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生分析和歸納問題的能力。③情感態(tài)度與價(jià)值觀:A、通過對(duì)新航路開辟過程的學(xué)習(xí),使學(xué)生感受和學(xué)習(xí)探險(xiǎn)家們勇于進(jìn)取的開拓精神。B、通過學(xué)習(xí)新航路開辟的影響,使學(xué)生認(rèn)識(shí)新航路開辟促進(jìn)了人類社會(huì)的整體發(fā)展。

陸王心學(xué)與程朱理學(xué)相比有何異同?生 不同點(diǎn):在理的內(nèi)涵上不同,程朱理學(xué)認(rèn)為“理”是貫通于宇宙、人倫的客觀存在,是一種普遍的規(guī)律準(zhǔn)則;陸王心學(xué)認(rèn)為心即理,是“良知”,認(rèn)為人心便是世界萬(wàn)物的本原。方法上也有不同:前者向外追究,“格物致知”;后者向內(nèi)探求,“發(fā)明本心”以求理,克服私欲、回復(fù)良知。生 相同點(diǎn):都提出了一個(gè)宇宙、社會(huì)、人生遵循的“理”。師 對(duì)。程朱理學(xué)是客觀唯心主義,陽(yáng)明心學(xué)是主觀唯心主義。這兩者的分歧是理學(xué)范圍內(nèi)的分歧,其基本思想是一致的。師 宋明理學(xué)與漢唐以前的儒學(xué)比較,最大的特點(diǎn)在于批判地吸收了佛教哲學(xué)的思辨結(jié)構(gòu)和道教的宇宙生成論,將儒家的倫理學(xué)說(shuō)概括升華為哲學(xué)基本問題。其實(shí)質(zhì)是把佛、道“養(yǎng)性”“修身”引向儒家的“齊家”“治國(guó)”“平天下”,對(duì)儒家的綱常道德給予哲學(xué)論證,使之神圣化、絕對(duì)化、普遍化,以便深入人心,做到人人遵而行之。

f.有絲分裂的意義(討論分析教學(xué)),首先引導(dǎo)學(xué)生結(jié)合所學(xué)知識(shí)討論有絲分裂的的作用,最后有教師歸納總結(jié),并要求學(xué)生在理解的基礎(chǔ)上記憶。g.無(wú)絲分裂(圖形直觀教學(xué)、簡(jiǎn)介),本部分內(nèi)容不是教學(xué)的重點(diǎn),內(nèi)容也相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單,所以我的教學(xué)方法是直接給學(xué)生展示掛圖,再進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)短介紹,讓學(xué)生了解即可。h.引出減數(shù)分裂的概念,為第五章學(xué)習(xí)打下基礎(chǔ)。小結(jié):新課講完以后由教師對(duì)本節(jié)內(nèi)容進(jìn)行總結(jié)鞏固和反饋:進(jìn)行一些課堂練習(xí)達(dá)到鞏固和反饋的作用。最后布置作業(yè),各種難度的作業(yè)題目均設(shè)置一些,其中簡(jiǎn)單題比重大,難題要求學(xué)生選作,這樣提高學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)積極性。2教學(xué)媒體程序設(shè)計(jì): 細(xì)胞周期的概念(多媒體課件演示周期動(dòng)畫)植物細(xì)胞有絲分裂(多媒體課件演示分裂各期動(dòng)畫)動(dòng)植物細(xì)胞有絲分裂異同點(diǎn)(多媒體課件演示分裂各期動(dòng)畫)有絲分裂過程中DNA和染色體數(shù)量的變化規(guī)律(掛圖演示,包括表格和函數(shù)圖象)

在講述細(xì)胞分化的意義時(shí),也可以用實(shí)例來(lái)解決,工廠的生產(chǎn)車間里不同的工人干著不同的工作,一件產(chǎn)品的產(chǎn)出需要這些工人才能創(chuàng)造出來(lái),一個(gè)生物體就像一個(gè)車間一樣,不同的細(xì)胞各司其職,相互合作。工人的分工是主管調(diào)解出來(lái)的,而不同細(xì)胞的出現(xiàn)就是細(xì)胞分化的結(jié)果,所以說(shuō),細(xì)胞的分化是生物體發(fā)育的基礎(chǔ)。在講到細(xì)胞全能性的時(shí)候,要多給學(xué)生舉些關(guān)于細(xì)胞全能性的例子,如植物組織培養(yǎng)、克隆技術(shù)等等,讓學(xué)生從實(shí)際的例子中真正的悟出細(xì)胞全能性的含義。此外,還要重視教材中的疑問,適當(dāng)對(duì)題目進(jìn)行引申,使它的作用更加突出,有利于學(xué)生對(duì)知識(shí)的串聯(lián)、積累、加工,從而達(dá)到舉一反三的效果。怎樣來(lái)解釋細(xì)胞的全能性呢?這主要以講授法來(lái)解釋了,細(xì)胞全能性的體現(xiàn)需要在組織或器官離體后才能體現(xiàn)出來(lái),每個(gè)細(xì)胞都包含著生物體的全套遺傳基因,通過基因選擇性的表達(dá),使離體的組織或器官通過分裂和分化逐漸發(fā)育成完整的植株。

四、說(shuō)教學(xué)程序(一).溫故知新、導(dǎo)入新課復(fù)習(xí)提問:基因突變導(dǎo)致生物變異的原因是什么?回答:基因突變是基因結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生改變,從而使遺傳信息改變,使蛋白質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)改變、生物性狀改變,即生物發(fā)生了變異。那么,基因是什么?它和染色體又有何關(guān)系?回答:基因是有遺傳效應(yīng)的DNA片斷,染色體是DNA的載體,基因在染色體上呈線形排列。引出新知:對(duì)于一個(gè)生物體來(lái)說(shuō),正常情況下,其染色體的結(jié)構(gòu)和數(shù)量都是穩(wěn)定的。但在自然條件或人為因素的影響下,染色體的結(jié)構(gòu)和數(shù)量均會(huì)發(fā)生改變,從而導(dǎo)致生物性狀的改變,這就屬于染色體變異。(二).把握重點(diǎn)、突破難點(diǎn)重點(diǎn)的把握:1、染色體結(jié)構(gòu)的變異播放影片:貓叫綜合征幼兒。讓學(xué)生觀察: 患兒哭聲輕、音調(diào)高,很像貓叫。教師補(bǔ)充: 患兒的征狀---兩眼較低、耳位低下,存在著嚴(yán)重的智力障礙。闡述病因---染色體片段缺失

2. let the Ss complete the forms paragraph by paragraph. Purpose here is to help Ss to get the habit of reading a passage as a whole, and pay attention to the organization of the text, as a result the Ss will fully understand the whole passage.3. ask Ss to retell the passage with the help of the key words in the form.Since the Ss in the class are in different levels, so I let them to fill in the blank to understand the meaning of the words and phrases better. ( That’s all for the while-reading. Now let’s move to the fifth step.)Step V: Post-reading (10mins) ---DiscussionIn this part students are asked to discuss in groups and list Wang Kun’s and Wang Wei’s attitudes about the trip. After that, Ss are encouraged to express their attitudes with the whole class. Collect their answers and don’t forget to praise them even if their answers may not be perfect.In this activity, discussion provides a vivid and active learning environment for Ss to communicate in English with newly learned language items. (Finally it comes to the homework.)StepⅥ: Homework (1min)1. Ss are required to read the text again after class and figure out the meaning of some complex sentences.2. Do the exercises on P19; This can help Ss to consolidate what they’ve learnt and make preparation for the next lessonPart4. Blackboard design.(說(shuō)板書設(shè)計(jì))On the top, there is the title of this lesson. On the left, there are main ideas for each paragraph. On the right, there are some new words and expressions.Unit 3 Travel journalJourney down the MekongMain idea of each para.:Para1: deciding to take a great bike trip along the Mekong river.Para2: Different attitudes between Wang kun and Wang wei.

(3)v. 給:提出;展現(xiàn),顯現(xiàn)present sb. with sth. ; present sth. to sb. 把. . 交給;頒發(fā);授予present sth. (for sth. )/present sth. to sb. e. g. Om his birthday, his friends presented him a collection of stamps. 在他生日時(shí),他的朋友們送給他一套郵票作為禮物。The sword was presented by the family to the museum. 這家人把寶劍捐贈(zèng)給了博物館。The committee will present the final report to Parliament in June. 委員會(huì)將在六月向議會(huì)提交最后的報(bào)告。You need to present yourself better. 你需要更善于展現(xiàn)自己。It is essential that we present a united front. 至關(guān)重要的是我們要表現(xiàn)得更加團(tuán)結(jié)。Step 4 ConsolidationT:Now that we have got a general idea of these words and phrases. Lets make up some sentences using them to master them. Suggested sentences:1. Your duties include typing letters and answering the telephone. 2. It is one of the greatest roles that she has played. 3. A large number of people have applied for the job. 4. The number of the panda is declining. 5. I'11 go there, even if I have to walk. 6. He came up to me to ask for a light. 7. The novel is about a family who can't communicate with each other. 8. He based his plan on interests of most people. 9. Why doesn't he make use of his singing talent?Step 5 Summary and homeworkT:Today we dealt with several new words and phrases. After class I hope that youcan read them again and again to keep them in mind. That's all for today. You aredismissed.

In this step, give students a few minutes to read the passage . While they are reading, I will write some key words of the text on the blackboard. Then ask students to retell the passage according to the key words.By retelling, students can improve their ability of language organization and have an overall understanding of the article.Step 4 Group discussionIn this step, students will be divided into groups of 4 to discussion the following question: What qualities make a great person?After their discussion, invite a few groups to make a report to the class.This group discussion can practice students’ oral English and cultivate their abilities of cooperation and communication.Step 5. HomeworkLet students write a short passage to introduce a great person he or she admires.The homework can consolidate the knowledge the students have learned and cultivate their writing ability. Part 6 Blackboard Design(板書設(shè)計(jì))That’s all my teaching procedures. Finally, I’d like to say sth about part 6 blackboard design. On the top is the title. On the left, there will be some new words and expressions. In the middle of the blackboard, I will write some useful sentence structures so that the students can know clearly what they’ve learned and then try to master the knowledge.OK. That’s all for my presentation. Thank you for your attention.

Purpose of my design:To ask the students to do these two tasks will make the Ss predict the story of this passage. As a result, it will deepen Ss’ memory of this story because they will have their own understanding of this story.Step 3. While-readingTask 1. (Individual work _____min)Skimming: ask students to skim the text and the main ideas of each paragraph in this passage. Please read it quickly and then match the sentences with the letters.Task 2. (Individual work _____min)Scanning: read the text quickly and decide the whether the following statements are true or false and give reasons.Task 3. (Pair work _____min)Listen to the tape and fill in the banks. Then read the paragraph with expression to your partner.Task4 (individual work min)Listen to the tape again and write down the main idea in one sentence.Purpose of my design: Enable students to understand the given material better by using different reading skills. And proper competition can arouse the Ss’ interest in English learning. “Task-based” teaching method is used here todevelop the Ss’ ability of communication and also their ability of co-operation will be well trainedStep 4. Post-readingTask 1. (Individual work, pair work, group work, class work; _____min)Discussion (group of 4):1. If you were Hippomenes, would you run against Atlanta?2. Do you think Hippomenes deserved to win the race? Why or why not?Step 5. HomeworkPlease read the story again carefully after class and imagine: What will happen during the race between Hippomenes and Atlanta? Who do you think will win the race? Do you think Atlanta would marry Hippomenes? Write an end for the story with thses questions.Purpose of my design: Homework is so important and necessary for to master the knowledge they learned after class. It will check whether the Ss achieve the teaching aims.Part 5 Blackboard design

When it comes to the students’ studying methods, I'd like to introduce my Ss first. The Ss have a good command of basic language points. They’re interested in learning English, and they take an active part in English class, so they will have fun in autonomous, cooperative and inquiry learning. I will just serve as a guide, showing them the way to explore how to make more progress in their English learning.Now it’s time for the most important stage of this lesson. My teaching procedures are arranged as follows:Step1.Leading-in (3 minute)Play a video of a wide variety of wildlife to introduce my topic. Step2. Speaking (12 minutes)We will use our textbook Page25. Let the Ss fast read the short paragraph to warm up. Ask them to talk about the report on some endangered wildlife in China with the dialogue patterns on the screen. Lastly, I will invite some groups to demonstrate their dialogues about saving wildlife in China.Step3.English play (3 minutes)Watch another video in praise of their excellent performance just now. It’s about Jack Chen’s(成龍)and Yang Ziqiong’s wildlife protection.Step4. Listening (twice 13 minutes)This time, I’ll ask the Ss to fill in the blanks of the monologue of the 2 movie stars above. Step5.Discussion (3 minutes)Which would you like to choose to wear, clothes made of cotton, artificial leather or animal skins? Why ?Step6. Summary (3 minutes)1. If there were no wildlife, there wouldn’t exist human beings. If the buying stops, the killing can, too.2. Animals are our friends. To love animals is to love ourselves. Stop hunting, killing and destroying wildlife.3. Let’s live in harmony with all the living things in the world. Step7. Music appreciation (3 minutes)Let the Ss appreciate the song Earth Song by Michael Jackson. Last but not the least, I will show you my blackboard design.

在接下來(lái)的細(xì)讀環(huán)節(jié),我套用了高考對(duì)閱讀理解的考查方式設(shè)置了5個(gè)問題,分別為三個(gè)推理判斷題,一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)題和一個(gè)主旨大意題。學(xué)生需要對(duì)文章的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行分析、歸納、推理、猜測(cè)等高級(jí)思維活動(dòng)才能做出正確的回答?!驹O(shè)計(jì)意圖】這一過程是對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行細(xì)讀的訓(xùn)練,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生獲取特定信息和挖掘文章深層次信息的能力。第三環(huán)節(jié):Intensive-reading (精讀) 15′第三個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)精讀,既是最重要的環(huán)節(jié),也是突破本課重難點(diǎn)的關(guān)鍵。首先,讓學(xué)生思考劇本中人物看到百萬(wàn)英鎊前后的態(tài)度發(fā)生了怎樣的變化。其次,讓學(xué)生仔細(xì)閱讀文章,找出可以表現(xiàn)人物態(tài)度變化的具體的語(yǔ)言和動(dòng)作。最后,讓學(xué)生總結(jié)人物的態(tài)度發(fā)生變化的根本原因是什么,從而引出Money Talks, 供學(xué)生思考?!驹O(shè)計(jì)意圖】通過一系列的活動(dòng)培養(yǎng)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)從人物的語(yǔ)言和動(dòng)作探究人物的心理,使學(xué)生進(jìn)一步體會(huì)戲劇語(yǔ)言的魅力,從而對(duì)文章背后所反映的社會(huì)問題進(jìn)行思考,也為下一步的討論環(huán)節(jié)做好鋪墊。

In this class, I have 3 teaching aims, that is, knowledge aims, ability aims and emotion aims.1) Knowledge-Teach students new words and expressions, such as temporary, bleed,sprain choke, first aid, fall ill and so on.-Enable students to have a better understanding for some basic knowledge of first aid.2) Ability-Train students’ speaking, reading and writing abilities by different teaching activities, such as skimming, comprehending, team work, role play, retelling and writing.-Develop students’ reading strategy on how to move general idea to specific information.3) Emotion-Promote students’ awareness of giving first aid.- Cultivate students’ creativities.Then let’s come to my teaching methods and activities.III. Teaching methods and activities:To achieve different teaching aims, various kinds of teaching methods and activities will be adopted throughout this period, such as TBL (task-based learning), skimming, team work, brainstorm and others, which can offer students opportunities to fulfill tasks in which they can use language to achieve a specific outcome.IV. Teaching aids:Computer and blackboardV. Teaching important points:1) Make students have a clear mind for the structure of the text.2) Help students understand the theme of the text.VI. Teaching difficulties:1) So many new words may affect students’ understanding.2) How to get students to know about the functions of the skin and thecauses, characteristics and treatments for different degree burns,and the knowledge about giving first aid. VII. Blackboard design:

下面是對(duì)以高技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)為主的新工業(yè)區(qū)的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行講解,教材以美國(guó)“硅谷”為例,首先談的是高技術(shù)工業(yè)的特點(diǎn),然后講述的是“硅谷”的發(fā)展條件,由于教學(xué)模式與意大利新工業(yè)區(qū)的內(nèi)容基本一致,這里就不再贅述了。接下來(lái)教材中提到的與之對(duì)照的案例同樣是以高技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)而聞名的中關(guān)村,由于中關(guān)村在國(guó)內(nèi)的知名度較高,一般學(xué)生都有所了解,因此不妨讓學(xué)生談?wù)勛约旱目捶ǎ簩?duì)于高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展有何建議,相對(duì)于發(fā)展較為成功的“硅谷”我們需要學(xué)習(xí)的方面又是哪些?案例中最后一個(gè)問題很值得深省,我國(guó)的新工業(yè)區(qū)到底怎樣做才能夠獲得成功,簡(jiǎn)單的模仿下我們?nèi)鄙俚挠质鞘裁矗窟@個(gè)問題可以作為拓展,讓學(xué)生寫一篇簡(jiǎn)短的論文作為課后作業(yè)。最后做以簡(jiǎn)單的課堂小結(jié)。本節(jié)內(nèi)容的教學(xué)可能會(huì)相對(duì)繁雜,而案例之間的分析過程又過于雷同,所以難免枯燥。在處理這個(gè)問題上,我將盡量做到詳略得當(dāng),主要培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的自主學(xué)習(xí)能力。

(4)評(píng)價(jià)民主通過對(duì)雅典公民享有充分的言論自由的介紹及展示伯利克里的講話、陶片放逐法,使學(xué)生認(rèn)識(shí)到,雅典的民主在統(tǒng)治階級(jí)內(nèi)部已經(jīng)達(dá)到了非常高的層次,并促進(jìn)了希臘人完整人格的形成。通過伯利克里講話、圖片、文字分別講述希臘人重責(zé)任感、渴求知識(shí)的民族性格,并請(qǐng)學(xué)生朗讀有關(guān)雅典人生活的有關(guān)文字,讓學(xué)生在閱讀中感情逐漸升溫,引發(fā)學(xué)生對(duì)民主的充分認(rèn)同及對(duì)雅典人重精神生活的無(wú)限神往。問題設(shè)置:讓學(xué)生思考雅典民主政治對(duì)后世西方政治制度的重大影響。同時(shí)指出“民主是不可抗拒的歷史潮流!”讓學(xué)生在原有知識(shí)的基礎(chǔ)上認(rèn)識(shí)民主政治的必然性。用書中的兩段材料分析希臘民主政治的特征和實(shí)質(zhì),分析其影響。4.課堂小結(jié)對(duì)本課內(nèi)容進(jìn)行概括性的總結(jié)5.知能訓(xùn)練,運(yùn)用遷移體現(xiàn)一定的層次性,滿足不同層次學(xué)生的要求。6.布置作業(yè)撰寫歷史論文首先布置論文范圍、主題;其次進(jìn)行舉例;最后提供相關(guān)查閱資料的網(wǎng)址。

作為一個(gè)青少年,應(yīng)該認(rèn)識(shí)到:艾滋病的傳播沒有國(guó)界,我國(guó)是世界上的人口大國(guó),是國(guó)際社會(huì)的一員,有責(zé)任和世界各國(guó)攜手共同努力控制艾滋病的蔓延;學(xué)習(xí)預(yù)防艾滋病的知識(shí),不僅使青少年能及時(shí)了解與掌握預(yù)防艾滋病的知識(shí)、增強(qiáng)自我保護(hù)意識(shí)和抵御艾滋病侵襲的能力;更重要的是培養(yǎng)預(yù)防艾滋病的社會(huì)責(zé)任感、使命感。青少年是社會(huì)和國(guó)家的未來(lái),是全社會(huì)預(yù)防艾滋病的主力軍。青少年參與預(yù)防艾滋病的活動(dòng)意義深遠(yuǎn),不僅是為了青少年自己的生存與健康,而且是為了全社會(huì)、全人類的發(fā)展。青少年有責(zé)任成為抵御艾滋病在二十一世紀(jì)猖獗流行的最有生氣的社會(huì)力量。

(一) 課標(biāo)要求本單元所依據(jù)的課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是道德與法治課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn) (2022年版) :第 四部分課程內(nèi)容第四學(xué)段 (7-9年級(jí)) 國(guó)情教育中的:1. “了解世界正處于百年未有之大變局 ,具有初步的國(guó)際視野 , 了 解全人類共同價(jià)值的內(nèi)涵 ,領(lǐng)悟構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體的意義 。 ”2. “ 以 “于變局中開新局 ”為議題 ,結(jié)合實(shí)例分析如何應(yīng)對(duì)人類共 同面對(duì)的重大挑戰(zhàn) ,認(rèn)識(shí)中國(guó)的發(fā)展離不開世界 ,世界的繁榮也需要中 國(guó) 。 ”3. “通過與中華優(yōu)秀文化傳統(tǒng) 、革命傳統(tǒng) 、 國(guó)情教育等方面的關(guān)聯(lián) ,從真實(shí)的社會(huì)情境角度進(jìn)行道德教育 ,強(qiáng)化學(xué)生的道德體驗(yàn)和道德實(shí) 踐 , 旨在引導(dǎo)學(xué)生正確認(rèn)識(shí) 自 己 , 以及個(gè)人與家庭 、他人 、社會(huì) 、 國(guó)家 和人類文明的關(guān)系 , 了解國(guó)家發(fā)展和世界發(fā)展大勢(shì) ,增強(qiáng)社會(huì)責(zé)任感和 擔(dān)當(dāng)意識(shí) ,立志做社會(huì)主義建設(shè)者和接班人 。 ”

2.比較物體的高度和影長(zhǎng)時(shí),要在同一( )、同一( )進(jìn)行。3.在同一時(shí)間、同一地點(diǎn),物體的高度和影長(zhǎng)成( )比例。4.同樣高度的物體在不同時(shí)間、不同地點(diǎn)測(cè)出的影長(zhǎng)是會(huì)( )的。 5、李明在操場(chǎng)上插上幾根長(zhǎng)短不同的的竹竿,在同一時(shí)間里測(cè)量這幾根竹竿的長(zhǎng)和相應(yīng)的影長(zhǎng)情況如下表: 竹竿長(zhǎng)/米11.21.8245影長(zhǎng)/米0.50.60.9122.5比值 (1)算出竹竿和影長(zhǎng)的比值,并填在表格中。 (2)通過測(cè)量和計(jì)算,你發(fā)現(xiàn)了什么? (3)這時(shí)李明測(cè)出旗桿的影長(zhǎng)是5米,你能求出旗桿的實(shí)際高度是多少米? (4)這時(shí)王剛測(cè)出一棵松樹的影長(zhǎng)是2.4米,你能算出這棵松樹的實(shí)際高度嗎? 6、為了測(cè)量出學(xué)校旗桿的高度,同學(xué)們找來(lái)了一根長(zhǎng)8分米的木棍立在旗桿旁,發(fā)現(xiàn)木棍的影長(zhǎng)是6分米,同時(shí)又發(fā)現(xiàn)旗桿的影長(zhǎng)是7.5米,你能求出旗桿的高度嗎? 7.在同一時(shí)刻,小璐測(cè)得她的影長(zhǎng)為1米,距她不遠(yuǎn)處的一棵槐樹的影長(zhǎng)為5米。已知小璐的身高為1.3米,這棵槐樹的有多高。
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