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新人教版高中英語必修1Unit 2 Travelling Around-Reading for Writing教案
Is there a clear purpose for the trip? :Does each paragraph have a clear main idea? Does the writer use the present continuous tense for future plans?Does the writer use commas, stops, and question marks correctly? Are all the words spelt correctly?Are all the proper nouns capitalized?Revise your draft according to your partner's comments.Step 5:The summary of how to write a travel plan.旅游計劃是一種常見的應用文寫作。旅游可分為觀光游、文化游、美食游及探險游等不同類型，因此旅游計劃也要根據(jù)不同的旅游目的進行設計。常規(guī)的旅游計劃需要明確以下幾個方面的問題:Travel planWhen will you leave for？ Where is your the destination?How will you get there?What will you do there?How long will you there?Is there a clear purpose for the trip? 為了提升旅行計劃的層級，還需注意以下幾個方面的問題:1.每段是否有明確清晰的主題;2.用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時；3.用更高級的形容詞詞匯。例如:表達“好”時，不要總用“nice”,我們還可以用“smart, clean, excellent, exciting, beautiful, wonderful, clever, famous, grand”等表達更具有指向性的詞匯；4.用更高級的動詞詞匯。比如:我們可以用“seem stand, lie .get stay, remain, look . sound, become . keep, grow”等代替"be";
新人教版高中英語必修2Unit 1 Cultural Heritage-Discovering Useful Structure教案一
This teaching period mainly deals with grammar “restrictive relative clauses.” To begin with, teachers should lead students to revise what they have learned about the relative pronouns and relative adverbs. And then, teachers move on to stress more special cases concerning this grammar, such as the “preposition+ relative pronouns which and whom” and cases where we can omit the relative pronouns. This period carries considerable significance to the cultivation of students’ writing competence and lays a solid foundation for the basic appreciation of language beauty. The teacher is expected to enable students to master this period thoroughly and consolidate the knowledge by doing some exercises. 1. Guide students to review the basic usages of relative pronouns and adverbs of attributive clauses.2. Lead students to learn to use some special cases concerning restrictive relative clauses flexibly.2. Enable students to use the basic phrases structures flexibly.3. Strengthen students’ great interest in grammar learning.1. Help students to appreciate the function of relative pronouns and adverbs of attributive clauses in a sentence2. Instruct students to write essays using the proper relative pronouns and adverbs of attributive clauses.本節(jié)語法思考：定語從句在復合句中的作用是什么？ 關系詞有哪些？定語從句在復合句中的作用相當于形容詞，它在句中作定語修飾名詞或代詞。他們在先行詞和定語從句之間起到聯(lián)系作用，同時在意義上代表先行詞并在定語從句中擔任一個成分。被定語從句所修飾的詞稱先行詞，定語從句一般放在先行詞的后面。
新人教版高中英語必修2Unit 1 Cultural Heritage-Reading and Thinking教案二
1. This section focuses on "Understanding how a problem was solved”, which is aimed to guide students to analyze and discuss the challenges and problems faced by cultural heritage protection during the construction of Aswan Dam, as well as the solutions. On the basis of understanding, students should pay attention to the key role of international cooperation in solving problems, and attach importance to the balance and coordination between cultural heritage protection and social and economic development. Students are encouraged to face challenges actively, be good at cooperation, and make continuous efforts to find reasonable ways and means to solve problems.2. Enable students to understand the main information and text structure of the reading text;3. Motivate students to use the reading strategy "make a timeline" according to the appropriate text genre;4. Enable students to understand how a problem was solved;5. Enable students to understand the value of protecting cultural heritage by teamwork and global community;1. Guide students to pay attention to reading strategies, such as prediction, self-questioning and scanning.2. Help students sort out the topic language about protecting cultural relics and understand the narrative characteristics of "time-event" in illustrative style3. Lead students to understand the value of protecting cultural heritage by teamwork and global community;
新人教版高中英語必修2Unit 1 Cultural Heritage-Reading For Writing教案
This report is short, concise and has typical news content and language features. The title uses the verb phrases, embodying the characteristics of being concise and general. The introduction is the first two sentences in the first paragraph, describing the general situation of the cultural heritage protection project, including time, place, characters, events and other news elements, so that readers can see the main points of the news report at a glance. The main body is the second and third paragraphs, which report the important historical and cultural value of Mogao Grottoes and the production of Mogao Grottoes Material digital photos, which are of great significance to the inheritance of historical culture and the promotion of international cultural understanding, exchange and cooperation. Direct citation is used in the report, as well as background introduction and other news writing techniques.1. Get students to have a good understanding of some features about a news report by reading the text.2. Instruct students to write a summary about a news report properly using some newly acquired writing skills in this period.3. Develop students’ writing and cooperating abilities.4. Strengthen students’ great interest in writing discourses.1. Stimulate students to have a good understanding of how to a summary about a news report 2. Cultivate students to write a news report properly and concisely.Step 1: Lead in Do you think it is necessary for us to circulate our cultural heritage to the world? Why or why not?Do we need to learn more about other countries’ cultural heritage? Why or why not?Step 2: Read to discover details concerning the main body of the news report.
新人教版高中英語必修1Unit 2 Travelling Around-Discovering Useful Structure教案
（5）be to do （可以和具體的時間狀語連用）①表示按計劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動作。②用于時間、條件狀語從句中，表示“如果要……，想要……”。The students are to meet at the school gate tomorrow. 明天學生們將在學校大門口集會。 If you are to succeed, you must work as hard as possible. 如果你想要成功，比必須努力工作。（6）be about to do （不與具體的時間狀語連用） 表示即將要發(fā)生的動作。We are about to start. 我們就要出發(fā)了。The new school year is about to begin. 新學年開學在即。（7）一般現(xiàn)在時表將來①表示按時間表規(guī)定將要發(fā)生的動作。常限于表示位置移動的短暫性動詞。②在時間、條件或讓步狀語從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 4026 takes off at 18:20. 你看看時刻表，快點！4026次航班的起飛時間是下午6點20分。Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves in half an hour. 簡很匆忙，因為去機場的火車半小時后出發(fā)。
新人教版高中英語必修2Unit 1 Cultural Heritage-Discovering Useful Structure教案二
This theme of the part is “ Describe people or things in greater detail”. Students have learned the grammar(restrictive relative clauses) in Book 1, and further review and consolidate its structure “prep+relative pronouns(which/whom)” and the relative adverbs(when, where and why), besides students should understand its form, meaning and functions. In this section, students should be able to express the grammar correctly in daily communication and in the writing. 1. Review the basic usages of relative pronouns and adverbs of attributive clauses . 2. Learn to use some special cases about restrictive relative clauses.3. Learn to write sentences with restrictive relative clauses flexibly according to the context.1. Review the basic usages of relative pronouns and adverbs of attributive clauses .2. Learn to use some special cases about restrictive relative clauses.3. Learn tow rite sentences with restrictive relative clauses flexibly according to the context.Step 1. Observe the following sentences, and mark the relative pronouns and the adverbs. 1. After listening to the scientists who had studied the problems, and citizens who lived near the dam, the government turned to the United Nations for help.2. Temples and other cultural sites were taken down piece by piece, and then moved and put back together again in a place where they were safe from the water.Step 2 PracticePlease complete these sentences with relative pronouns and relative adverbs and answer the following questions.Questions: 1. What is the head noun ?2. What relative words should be used ?3. What elements do they act in these sentences ?
新人教版高中英語必修2Unit 1 Cultural Heritage-Listening＆Speaking＆Talking教案
Listening and Speaking introduces the topic of “Take part in a youth project”. The listening text is an interview about an international youth cultural heritage protection project. More than 20 high school students from seven countries participated in the project. The reporter interviewed two participants Stephanie and Liu Bin. By listening to the text, students can understand the significance of cultural heritage protection, and teenagers can use their knowledge, combine their own interests and advantages, etc. to participate in the action of cultural heritage protection. Listening and Talking introduces the theme of "Talk about history and culture". The listening text is a dialogue between two tourists and tour guides when they visit the Kremlin, red square and surrounding buildings. The dialogue focuses on the functional items of "starting a conversation", which is used to politely and appropriately attract the attention of the others, so as to smoothly start a conversation or start a new topic. The purpose of this section is to guide students to understand the history and current situation of Chinese and foreign cultural heritage in their own tourism experiences or from other people's tourism experiences, explore the historical and cultural values, and be able to express accurately and appropriately in oral communication.1. Guide students to understand the content of listening texts in terms of the whole and key details; 2. Cultivate students' ability to guess the meaning of words in listening; discuss with their peers how to participate in cultural heritage protection activities.3. Instruct students to use functional sentences of the dialogue such as “I beg your pardon, but…” “Forgive me for asking, but…" and so on to start the conversation more politely and appropriately.
新人教版高中英語必修2Unit 1 Cultural Heritage-Reading and Thinking教案一
The theme of the reading and thinking is about “Understanding how a problem was solved”.The Listening & Speaking & Talking is about international co-work to protect the Mount Tai, in which the students from seven countries came up with many solutions even create the Mount Tai App. This section aims at showing how to solve a difficult and even tough problem about protecting the cultural heritage by the international co-work. So in this section, cultivating students’ international awareness is very clear and important. Concretely, with the economic development, how to balance the protection of cultural relics and social development is a big challenge for human. In the 1950s, the Egyptian government wanted to build the Aswan Dam across the Nile to control floods, produce electricity and water farms. But the proposal led to protests because it would destroy a lot of cultural relics. The Egyptian had no choice but ask the UN for help. Therefore, a international cooperation about how to protect the cultural relics began, which involved the time length about 20 years and a large amount of fund. Then, the problems was solved. 1. Read quickly to get the main idea and the structure of the article; read careful to get detailed information.2. Learn to use the reading strategy---making a timeline3. Learn how to solve a tough problem by asking for help and cooperation4. Have the international awareness and understand the great strength of international cooperation.1. Read quickly to get the main idea and the structure of the article; read careful to get detailed information.2. Learn to use the reading strategy---making a timeline.3. Learn how to solve a tough problem by asking for help and cooperation.
人教版高中歷史必修3宋明理學教案2篇
二、程朱理學：1、宋代“理學”的產(chǎn)生：（1）含義：所謂“理學”，就是用“理學”一詞來指明當時兩宋時期所呈現(xiàn)出來的儒學。廣義的理學，泛指以討論天道問題為中心的整個哲學思潮，包括各種不同的學派；狹義的理學，專指程顥、程頤、朱熹為代表的，以“理”為最高范疇的學說，稱為“程朱理學”。理學是北宋政治、社會、經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的理論表現(xiàn)，是中國古代哲學長期發(fā)展的結果，是批判佛、道學說的產(chǎn)物。他們把“理”或“天理”視作哲學的最高范疇，認為理無所不在，不生不滅，不僅是世界的本原，也是社會生活的最高準則。在窮理方法上，程顥“主靜”，強調(diào)“正心誠意”；程頤“主敬”，強調(diào)“格物致知”。在人性論上，二程主張“去人欲，存天理”，并深入闡釋這一觀點使之更加系統(tǒng)化。二程學說的出現(xiàn)，標志著宋代“理學”思想體系的正式形成?！竞献魈骄俊克未袄韺W”興起的社會條件：
人教版高中政治必修1第二課多變的價格教案
（四）反思總結，當堂檢測。本節(jié)內(nèi)容講述了價格變動對人們生活、生產(chǎn)的影響作用，主要知識框架如下：（1）、價格變動會影響人們的消費需求，商品價格上漲，人需求就減少，反之，則增大。價格變動對不同商品需求影響程度是不一樣的，對生活必需品的需求量影響較小，對高檔耐用品的需求量影響較大。相關商品價格變動對消費需求的影響不同，某種商品價格上漲，就會減少需求量，其替代品需求量增加，其互補品需求量則減少。（2）、價格變化也會影響生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營，價格變動會調(diào)節(jié)生產(chǎn)，刺激生產(chǎn)者改進技術，提高勞動生產(chǎn)率，促使生產(chǎn)者生產(chǎn)適銷對路的高 質(zhì)量產(chǎn)品。（五）發(fā)導學案、布置預習。預習第三課第一框《消費及其類型》，完成預習導學案練習題九、板書設計《價格變動的影響》1、對人們生活的影響（1）商品價格變動與消費需求量之間的關系（2）不同商品的需求量對價格變動的反應程度不同
人教版高中政治必修1第三課多彩的消費教案
二、做理智的消費者1、量入為出，適度消費2、避免盲從，理性消費3、保護環(huán)境，綠色消費4、勤儉節(jié)約，艱苦奮斗十、教學反思本課的設計采用了課前下發(fā)預習學案，學生預習本節(jié)內(nèi)容，找出自己迷惑的地方。課堂上師生主要解決重點、難點、疑點、考點、探究點以及學生學習過程中易忘、易混點等，最后進行當堂檢測，課后進行延伸拓展，以達到提高課堂效率的目的。這節(jié)課我們主要學習了影響人們消費的幾種消費心理和幾種科學的消費觀。本節(jié)課與學生生活十分貼近所以這節(jié)課充分的調(diào)動了學生學習的興趣和積極性，并且讓學生針對案例進行充分的分組討論分析，通過學生的展示分析和補充可以知道學生們不但深層次分析了教學原理也透徹理解了教學重難點大大提高了課堂效率.。通過案例的分析進一步領會了教材原理突破了本節(jié)課的難點——樹立正確的消費觀。整堂課學生求知旺盛，復雜的知識變得簡單化，從閱讀教材到獨立思考分析再到合作討論最后的展示質(zhì)疑答疑，加深了印象，提高了能力。
人教版高中政治必修1第一課神奇的貨幣教案
1、外匯與外幣的關系：（1）外匯包括外幣，但外匯不等于就是外幣。外幣是指外國的貨幣，包括外國的紙幣、鑄幣；外匯通常是以外國貨幣表示的用于國際間結算的支付手段，具體包括外幣、外幣有價證券、外幣支付憑證等。（2）外幣屬于外匯的范圍，但不能把二者等同起來。通常情況下，只有可以自由兌換的外幣才是外匯，因為外匯的實質(zhì)是國際支付手段，如果某種貨幣不能自由兌換，它就不能成為國際支付手段。外匯執(zhí)行的 主要是貨幣的支付手段的職能。（3）持有外匯意味著對外匯發(fā)行國擁有債權。持有外匯過多，一方面意味著國際支付能力強和有可能對外匯發(fā)行國施加影響；另一方面則意味著大量該由本國享受的資源，被借給外國利用，并要承擔外匯貶值的風險。2、關于幣值變化的分析：（1）對貨幣升值的具體分析：一個國家的貨幣升值（上?。┖螅康倪@種貨幣能比以前換 取更多的他國貨幣，買到更多的他國商品。
人教版新課標小學數(shù)學一年級上冊幾和幾 說課稿
（一）教學內(nèi)容：教科書數(shù)學一年級上冊第19-20的內(nèi)容及練習二的第8-10題。（二）教材所處地位及作用：“幾和幾”數(shù)的組成知識是學習加減法的基礎，這是一年級教學要注意的部分。在認數(shù)教學中，主要通過實物演示和動手操作的游戲，使學生知道了數(shù)的組成。（三）教學目標、重點、難點：教學目標：（1）使學生通過動手操作掌握5以內(nèi)數(shù)的組成。（2）使學生能熟練地說出5以內(nèi)數(shù)的級成，培養(yǎng)學生的觀察、操作、表達能力，初步的自學能力。（3）培養(yǎng)學生認真做練習的良好習慣，積極動腦思考的學習品質(zhì)及互助，創(chuàng)新意識和評價意識。教學重點：讓學生通過動手操作掌握5以內(nèi)數(shù)的組成教學難點：引導學生通過動手操作并掌握5以內(nèi)數(shù)的組成。二、說教法本課時教學方法主要體現(xiàn)以下幾點：1、創(chuàng)設游戲充分感知，然后再交流，使學生在主動參與知識的形成過程中體驗到成功的快樂。最后，為學生創(chuàng)設了“分小棒”等游戲，讓學生不斷地動手操作與合作討論中自己掌握知識，并初步培養(yǎng)學生的自學能力。
人教版高中歷史必修3古代中國的發(fā)明和發(fā)現(xiàn)教案2篇
（2）由來：《黃帝內(nèi)經(jīng)》是我國古典醫(yī)籍中現(xiàn)存最早的一部醫(yī)學，在整個中醫(yī)的發(fā)展過程起著重要的作用。該書中闡述的理論，一直以來指導著整個中醫(yī)學術的發(fā)展，是學習中醫(yī)不可缺少的一部經(jīng)典讀物，也是現(xiàn)代中醫(yī)院學生學習中醫(yī)時必讀的醫(yī)書。顧名思義，“內(nèi)經(jīng)”是講內(nèi)科方面的疾病，據(jù)《隋書．藝文志》記載，除了有《黃帝內(nèi)經(jīng)》外，還有一本《黃帝外經(jīng)》。這兩本書是姊妹篇?？磥?，《黃帝內(nèi)經(jīng)》是針對《黃帝外經(jīng)》說的。2、《傷寒雜病論》：集大成的中醫(yī)專著、“萬世寶典”（1）作者：東漢張仲景（2）內(nèi)容：全書分為“傷寒”和“雜病”兩大部分，（3）地位：創(chuàng)造性地提出辯證施治的方法，奠定了后世中醫(yī)臨床學的理論基礎，被后世醫(yī)家譽為“萬世寶典”。3、《本草綱目》：“東方藥物巨典”（1）作者：明朝李時珍（2）內(nèi)容：記錄各類藥物1892種、藥方一萬多個，還繪制了一千多幅藥物形態(tài)圖。（3）地位：這部重要的中藥學著作，是對16世紀以前中藥學的系統(tǒng)總結，被稱為“東方藥物寶典”。
人教版高中語文必修1《雨巷》教案
（三）作家介紹，寫作背景大家說“雨巷”這首詩寫得美不美？（美）剛才我也說了，這首詩是中國朦朧詩的百年經(jīng)典。那么對于這么出名的詩，有誰能夠向我們介紹一下它的作者跟寫作背景呢？（明確：戴望舒，原名戴朝實又名戴夢鷗，1905年出生于杭州。1929年4月出版第一本詩集《我底記憶》，他的成名作《雨巷》即收入此集中。1933年8月出版了《望舒草》1948年出版了《災難歲月》一生留下了詩篇92首?！队晗铩肥谴魍娴某擅骱颓捌诘拇碜?他曾因此而贏得了“雨巷詩人”的雅號。這首詩寫于1927年夏天。當時全國處于白色恐怖之匯總，戴望舒因曾參加進步活動而不得不避居于松江的友人家中，在孤寂中咀嚼著大革命失敗后的幻滅與痛苦，心匯總充滿了迷惘的情緒和朦朧的希望。）（適當板書）
人教版高中語文必修1《朗誦》教案
教師在教學古詩時，只有指導學生反復朗讀，才能讓學生直接體會到古詩所具有的音樂美，增強學生對古詩的美學感染力，進一步激發(fā)學生學習古詩詞的熱情。除此，在《荷塘月色》、《春》等優(yōu)美的寫景抒情散文中，朱自清運用了不少的疊詞，朗讀它們，猶如一個個跳動的音符貫穿于文章中，有效地增強了文章的節(jié)奏感。通過朗讀，學生能夠更好地領悟到朱自清散文所具有的音樂美。４、朗讀能夠增強學生對文章含蓄美和形象美的感染能力：含蓄，是指用少量的、具體的、可感觸的藝術形象，來表現(xiàn)豐富的生活內(nèi)容和思想感情，把詩意藏在富于概括性和內(nèi)涵豐富的形象中，以瞬間表現(xiàn)永恒，以有限傳達無限，以少勝多，給人以推理和想象的廣闊大地?！白x書百遍，其義自見”，“熟讀唐詩三百首，不會作詩也會吟”，“觀書須熟讀，使其言皆者出于吾云之口；繼以精思，使其意皆出于吾之心。”這些話語道出了反復朗讀對于理解文章含義所起的重要作用。教師在課堂教學過程中，特別是地教學詩歌時，只有指導學生反復地朗讀，才能讓學生將文章中雋永的意境，深厚的蘊涵更好地品味出來，從而更好地欣賞到文章的含蓄美。
人教版高中政治必修2和平與發(fā)展：時代的主題教案
2、建立國際新秩序（1）建立國際新秩序是解決和平與發(fā)展問題的有效途徑為了和平與發(fā)展，必須改變舊的國際秩序，建立以和平共處五項原則為基礎的有利于世界和平與發(fā)展的國際新秩序。這是抑制霸權主義、強權政治，解決和平與發(fā)展問題的有效途徑，是每個國家生存和發(fā)展的最基本和最重要的外部條件。教師活動：引導學生閱讀教材103頁“相關鏈接”材料，并思考所反映的問題學生活動：積極思考并討論問題教師點評：世界發(fā)展的主體是世界各國人民。世界的管理必須由各國人民共同參與。這是各國人民的共同呼聲。（2）國際政治經(jīng)濟新秩序的主要內(nèi)容建立國際政治經(jīng)濟新秩序，就是要保障各國享有主權平等和內(nèi)政不受干涉的權利，保障各國享有平等參與國際事務的權利，保障各國特別是廣大發(fā)展中國家享有平等的發(fā)展權利，保障各個民族和各種文明共同發(fā)展的權利。
人教版高中政治必修4關于世界觀的學說說課稿（一）
3、課堂小結，強化認識。（2—3分鐘）通過總結本課的知識，簡單的用三個概念三個關系，簡明扼要的總結出本節(jié)課的知識，突出本框題的重難點。其中重點給學生梳理一下哲學的含義，使學生在學習的最后對于哲學有一個全面而準確的理解，強化學生對于哲學的認識。4、課堂練習針對高中學生初步接觸哲學，運用哲學思維來分析哲學問題的能力還需要今后的培養(yǎng)，我進行了分層的方式來設計習題，這樣設計一方面符合學生認知的能力，由簡單到困難，一步步的深入，另一方面，在練習的過程中，也可以使學生鞏固基礎知識，使學有余力的學生繼續(xù)提高，充分考慮到學生的實際情況。5、板書設計為了強化教學效果，我會在授課的過程中適時的書寫板書，我的板書設計總的來說是以簡潔明了的形式展示，便于學生一目了然的把握本節(jié)課的重難點，也可以建立知識間的聯(lián)系，便于學生形成完整的知識體系。
人教版高中政治必修4關于世界觀的學說說課稿（二）
一、教材分析1、本框題在教材中的地位。本框題教材所處的地位及聯(lián)系：《關于世界觀的學說》是人教版2004年12月第一版教材高二政治必修4第一單元第二框題，在這之前學生已經(jīng)學習了生活處處有哲學的內(nèi)容，了解了哲學與我們的生活息息相關，這為過度到本框題的學習起到了鋪墊的作用。本框題又是學生進入哲學的入門，因而它在生活與哲學中具有不容忽視的重要地位。學好本框題，為學生從總體上對哲學的理解，為以后學好哲學做了良好的鋪墊作用。本框題是進入哲學與生活不可缺少的部分，也學生的學習生活常常遇到的問題。2、教學目標：1. 知識目標：（1）哲學的含義；（2）哲學與世界觀的關系；（3）哲學與具體科學知識的關系。2. 能力目標：（1）通過對哲學與世界觀、方法論、具體知識三對關系的分析，培養(yǎng)辯證思維的能；（2）通過對身邊生活事例、哲理故事、哲學家觀點的體悟，培養(yǎng)分析問題的能力；
人教版高中語文必修1《心音共鳴：寫觸動心靈的人和事》教案3篇
《普通高中語文課程標準》關于“表達與交流”方面學生應達到的目標有如下的表述：“學會多角度地觀察生活，豐富生活經(jīng)歷和情感體驗，對自然、社會和人生有自己的感受和思考”，“進一步提高記敘述、說明、描寫、議論、抒情等基本表達能力”。觀察、感受、思考是寫好作文的必要的積累與條件，而用最恰當?shù)恼Z言與形式傳達自己的所得則屬于“技巧”方面的范疇。教材“表達與交流”的編選采用的“話題探討—寫法借鑒—寫作練習”的體例，其優(yōu)點是就某一話題訓練某一方面的寫作能力，能使教與學具有較強的操作性，目標更具體，也就是“既講‘寫什么’，又講‘怎么寫’”，能克服“純技術性訓練”；不足在于容易造成教與學上的“只見樹木、不見森林”現(xiàn)象。要讓學生確實形成能力，舉一反三，老師的備課量非常之大，好在現(xiàn)在網(wǎng)絡發(fā)達，必修1和必修2還配了教案（不知為什么必修3和必修4沒有），總算應對過來，因此，我在此所講的教學設計之類的，有許多不是我個人的，是別人的成果，特此聲明。
