
(四)、彈性勢能(據(jù)課時情況,可以讓學生自學)生活中還有一些物體既沒有運動也沒有很大的高度卻同樣“儲存”著能量,哪怕它只是孩童手里的玩具(圖片:彈弓)。張緊的弓一撒手就會對箭支做功改變它的動能,松弛的弓有這樣的本領(lǐng)嗎?同樣是弓前者具有能量而后者沒有,那么什么情況下物體才具有這種能量呢?張緊的弓在恢復原狀的過程會對外做功,但是拉斷的弓還能有做功的本領(lǐng)嗎?1.定義:物體由于發(fā)生彈性形變而具有的能量叫做彈性勢能。2.彈性勢能的大小與哪些因素有關(guān)呢?3、勢能由相互作用的物體的相對位置決定的能量。重力勢能:由地球和物體間相對位置決定。彈性勢能:由發(fā)生形變的各部分的相對位置決定。(五).反饋練習1. 物體在運動過程中,克服重力做功50J, 則( )A.重力做功為50JB.物體的重力勢能一定增加50JC.物體的重力勢能一定減少50JD.重力做功為-50J

(四)、活動交流,體驗科學通過資料分析討論以下三個問題:1、你知道愛滋病的傳播途徑嗎?2、如何預防愛滋病?3、我們應(yīng)如何對待愛滋病患者?面對艾滋病我們能做些什么?從而進入情感態(tài)度的教育。除此之外,我還設(shè)計一個開放性的作業(yè)“向全社會為關(guān)注艾滋病設(shè)計一個宣傳廣告”(形式不限,漫畫、板書、倡議書等),讓學生把愛心付諸于實際行動。在此基礎(chǔ)上引出“免疫學的應(yīng)用”從免疫預防、免疫治療、器官移植三個方面講述,讓學生充分體驗到知識和社會生活的緊密聯(lián)系,讓他們不在感到科學是那么的遙遠,而是可愛的有用的。通過交流,讓同學們體會到合作的魅力和重要性,進一步培養(yǎng)合作意識和合作能力。最后我設(shè)計一個資料搜集,讓同學們選一個感興趣的主題利用電腦在網(wǎng)上搜集有關(guān)資料。主題:1、你知道世界艾滋病日嗎?歷年的主題是什么?開展世界艾滋病運動有什么意義?

生2:每逢清明,或其他一些死者的紀念日,人們總要為死去的親人燒紙錢。這幅漫畫由燒紙錢演變?yōu)闊凹译姟?,說明隨著社會環(huán)境的變化,人們根深蒂固的一些封建思想,還在影響著人們的生活。要花大力氣去破除封建迷信活動。師:說到底,算命、燒紙錢是封建迷信活動,從文化角度來說,是落后文化。我們一起來看看在現(xiàn)實生活中,還有哪些落后文化在影響著人們的生活。生1:在一些邊遠落后地區(qū),大人小孩生了病,不是看醫(yī)生,而是讓巫婆神漢來治,結(jié)果往往耽誤了診療時間,有的甚至還丟掉了性命。生2:“重男輕女”“多子多福”,紅白事大操大辦現(xiàn)象在有些地方還很嚴重。師:這些落后文化都有哪些共同特征?在你看來,這些現(xiàn)象有哪些危害?生3:這些落后文化,在內(nèi)容上帶有迷信、愚昧、頹廢、庸俗等色彩,在形式上常常以傳統(tǒng)習俗的形式表現(xiàn)出來,如人們常見的看相、算命、測字、看風水等。它會麻痹人的意志,使人消極、悲觀、絕望,對理想、前途、信念喪失信心;破壞社會的風氣。

一、教材分析文化市場和大眾傳媒的發(fā)展,給我們的文化生活帶來了許多可喜的變化。但是,文化市場的自發(fā)性和傳媒的商業(yè)性也引發(fā)了令人憂慮的現(xiàn)象。文化生活有“喜”也有“憂”,讓我們歡喜讓我們憂。面對形式多樣的文化生活,置身于文化生活的海洋之中,在文化生活中如何選擇、怎樣作出正確的選擇是亟待向?qū)W生解決的問題。二、學情分析高二學生處于世界觀、人生觀和價值觀形成的關(guān)鍵時期,身心迅速發(fā)展,自我意識和獨立性較強,社會公共生活空間范圍越來越大,并且開始理性地思考社會和人生的重大問題,他們可塑性強,但情緒仍然不穩(wěn)定,有多變性,容易沖動或偏激,迫切需要提升思想意識,加強方法論的指導,使其在紛繁復雜的文化生活中能夠進行正確的判斷與選擇。如果我們的學生不能把握正確的航向,是非觀念模糊,良莠不分,就會陷入落后文化和腐朽文化的泥沼而不能自拔,甚至造成無法挽回的惡果。

問:為什么會出現(xiàn)這樣的情況,男女生之間的拉力存在著怎樣的大小關(guān)系?進一步求證這兩個力的大小關(guān)系經(jīng)過共同討論,得方案:把兩個彈簧秤勾在一起,重現(xiàn)拔河比賽,分三種情況進行。(通過攝像頭把彈簧秤的讀數(shù)放大)兩彈簧稱勾在一起拉,處于靜止不動時(即拔河比賽,雙方處于僵持狀態(tài))兩彈簧稱勾在一起拉,并向一方運動(即比賽繩子被拉向一方時的狀態(tài))3、兩彈簧稱勾在一起拉,一方方向慢慢改變(兩力方向始終在一條直線上)實驗結(jié)論:兩彈簧稱的讀數(shù)的變化總是相同的,大小相等,方向相反。得到牛頓第三定律:追問:既然兩個力大小相等,那么拔河比賽為什么還存在勝負之分?講清作用力與反作用力作用的受力物體不同,并和學生討論如何做才會獲勝。回應(yīng)課前問題:“以卵擊石”為什么雞蛋碎?

研究一種物理現(xiàn)象,總是要先從現(xiàn)象的描述入手。機械運動作為自然界最簡單和最基本的運動形態(tài),它所描述的是物體空間位置隨時間變化的情況。因此,本節(jié)學習描述質(zhì)點做機械運動需要時刻、時間間隔和位移等概念。相當一部分高一學生在具體過程中難以區(qū)別時刻和時間間隔。另外,由于思維的定式,在第一次接觸既要考慮大小又要考慮方向的問題時,會因不適應(yīng)造成學習困難。所以,區(qū)別“路程與位移”“時刻和時間間隔”是教學的重難點所在。學習這些內(nèi)容的過程與方法對學習速度和加速度可以起到奠定基礎(chǔ)的作用。教學的對象是高一的學生,這一時期的學生處在好奇善問、創(chuàng)新意識強烈的青少年期。對于生活中出現(xiàn)的各種現(xiàn)象具有濃厚的興趣。但他們的思維還停留在簡單的代數(shù)運算階段,對于矢量和矢量運算的理性認識幾乎沒有。且對生活中出現(xiàn)的時間、時刻、時間間隔等不能做出很好的區(qū)分,對時常提及的路程、距離等形成了模糊的前概念。

一、 教材分析與學情分析教材分析人民教育出版社普通高中課程標準實驗教科書必修2第七章第九節(jié)。本節(jié)內(nèi)容安排在學習機械能守恒定律之后的目的,是為了使學生在理論上對機械能守恒定律有所了解的基礎(chǔ)上,通過實驗測量及對實驗數(shù)據(jù)的分析處理,對機械能守恒定律及條件有深刻的認識。學情分析知識層面:學生已經(jīng)掌握了動能、重力勢能等概念以及動能定理、機械能守恒定律等定理、定律;知道功是能量轉(zhuǎn)換的量度以及機械能守恒的條件。能力層面:學生已具備一定的實驗操作技能,會用打點計時器以及直尺等實驗儀器。具備一定的數(shù)據(jù)處理能力。二、教學目標與重點、難點教學目標知識與技能:1、會用打點計時器打下的紙帶計算物體運動的速度。2、掌握驗證機械能守恒定律的實驗原理。

d.某物體沿直線向東運動,原來的速度是5m/s,2s后速度減小到3m/s,求2s內(nèi)物體速度變化。④如何探究物體作勻速圓周運動時,在Δt時間內(nèi)的速度變化?分析:有了同一直線上速度變化的鋪墊后,討論物體做勻速圓周運動速度的變化就比較自然了,為了給向心加速度方向的學習打好基礎(chǔ),可以通過小組協(xié)作,進一步完成下列思考題,使同學們認識到:時間間隔起短,速度變化的方向起接近半徑方向。(多媒體屏幕投影)a.物體沿半徑為1m的軌道做勻速圓周運動,線速度大小為,求1s內(nèi)物體速度變化并畫出1s內(nèi)速度變化的示意圖。b.分別求出上題中物體在0.5s、0.25s內(nèi)速度變化并畫出相應(yīng)的示意圖。由于沒有辦法直接利用實驗來驗證速度變化的方向,所以,我們采用提供思考題的方法,引導同學在合作學習、自主探究中完成。有了速度變化的研究為鋪墊,加速度的方向問題就迎刃而解了。

設(shè)計意圖:通過設(shè)疑、討論及學生的親身體驗與教師的引導,得到描述圓周運動快慢的兩個物理量,也就成功的打破了學生在認識上的思維障礙,突破了物理概念教學的難點。在解決線速度和角速度的問題之后,我將引領(lǐng)學生學習勻速圓周運動的概念以及勻速圓周運動中線速度、角速度的特點。并引出勻速圓周運動中周期、轉(zhuǎn)速的知識。為了加深學生對線速度、角速度與半徑關(guān)系的認識,我設(shè)計了第三個學生體驗活動:四名學生以我為圓心做圓周運動,四名學生始終并列,這時里圈同學走動不急不慢,而外圈同學則要小跑。通過學生的活動,不難發(fā)現(xiàn)在角速度相同的情況下,半徑越大的線速度也越大。定性的得到了線速度、角速度與半徑的關(guān)系。接下來讓學生利用所學知識推導線速度、角速度與半徑的關(guān)系。設(shè)計意圖:這樣就通過設(shè)疑、學生猜想、體驗、推導的方式得到了結(jié)論,突破了本節(jié)課的難點即線速度、角速度與半徑的關(guān)系。

進一步引導學生思考利用數(shù)學知識可寫成等式F=kma學生很自然就會思考比列系數(shù)K應(yīng)該是多少?通過教師引導學生舉例各國長度單位不同(如英國:英里、碼、英尺、英寸;中國:市里、市丈、市尺、市寸、市分 )導致交流不便。為了適應(yīng)各國交流需要國際計量局規(guī)定了一套統(tǒng)一的單位,稱為國際單位制 。取不同的單位制K是不同的,為了簡潔方便,在選取了質(zhì)量和加速度的國際單位(Kg, m/s2)時規(guī)定K=1。那么就有;F=ma為了紀念牛頓,就把能使1kg物體獲得1m/s2加速度的力稱做一牛頓,用符號N表示問題:實際物體受力往往不止一個,多個力情況應(yīng)該怎么辦呢?平行四邊形法則進一步引導學生得出牛頓第二定律更一般的表達式: F合=ma思考.討論我們用力提一個很重的箱子,卻提不動它。這個力產(chǎn)生了加速度嗎?要是產(chǎn)生了,箱子的運動狀態(tài)卻并沒有改變。為什么?

學生回答的方法多樣,讓各小組根據(jù)自己討論出來的方法對自己實驗出來的紙帶進行數(shù)據(jù)處理,并求出加速度,并且將多條紙帶都進行處理,同時提醒學生對紙帶的選擇。接著,我會用多媒體展示重物下落實驗打出來的紙帶,用表格列出一段紙帶上各點的瞬時速度,準確畫出v-t圖像,求出加速度,將結(jié)果給予學生的結(jié)果作對比,確定出正確結(jié)論。最后讓學生分析總結(jié):自由落體運動是初速度為零的勻加速直線運動,而且,多條紙帶算出來的加速度的數(shù)值都接近相等,即加速度在實驗誤差允許范圍內(nèi)是相等的。引出重力加速度,介紹概念、方向及大小。(強調(diào)“同一地點”,讓學生閱讀教材中一些地點的重力加速度,可以了解重力加速度的大小與緯度有關(guān),緯度越大加速度越大)。學習了重力加速度后讓學生根據(jù)之前學習的勻變速直線運動公式推導出自由落體的運動規(guī)律。設(shè)計意圖:讓學生在學習過程中的主體地位和自主觀能動性得到充分發(fā)揮,取長補短,培養(yǎng)了學生的實驗操作能力,又使學生對自由落體運動的性質(zhì)有深刻的印象,從而解決了本節(jié)課第二個難點。

2、教學目標根據(jù)我對教材的理解、結(jié)合學生的實際情況、滲透新課程的教學理念,為提高全體學生的科學素養(yǎng),按課程標準,以促進全體學生發(fā)展為目的。從知識與技能、過程與方法,情感態(tài)度與價值觀三個方向培養(yǎng)學生,擬定三個教學目標:知識與技能:(1)知道什么是動能。(2)正確理解和運用動能公式分析、解答有關(guān)問題。(3)掌握外力對物體所做的總功的計算,理解“代數(shù)和”的含義。(4)理解和運用動能定理。過程與方法:通過演繹推理過程,培養(yǎng)科學研究興趣,領(lǐng)略物理學中所蘊含的嚴謹?shù)倪壿嬯P(guān)系。情感、態(tài)度、價值觀:通過運用動能定理分析解決問題,感受成功的喜悅,培養(yǎng)學生對科學研究的興趣。3、教學的重點和難點重點:理解動能定理、應(yīng)用動能定理解決力學問題。難點:應(yīng)用動能定理解決多個過程的力學問題,以及變力做功或曲線運動中的動能定理運用。

科學是人類認識世界的重要工具,閱讀科普說明文不僅可以啟迪心智,了解更多知識。而且更夠激發(fā)學生對科學的興趣。學習這些文章要注重學生科學精神的培養(yǎng),關(guān)注科學探索的過程,感受科學家在科學探索中表現(xiàn)的人格魅力。我們知道一些科學家就是因為閱讀了相關(guān)的科普文章才對某一學科產(chǎn)生興趣,從而走上成功之路的。我們在講解的時候可以跟學生列舉一些例子,讓學生認識到一篇好的科普文章的重大意義。

本板塊的活動主題是“談?wù)摴?jié)日活動”(Talk about festival activities),主要是從貼近學生日常生活的角度來切入“節(jié)日”主題。學生會聽到發(fā)生在三個國家不同節(jié)日場景下的簡短對話,對話中的人們正在參與或?qū)⒁H歷不同的慶祝活動。隨著全球化的進程加速,國際交流日益頻繁,無論是國人走出國門還是外國友人訪問中國,都已成為司空見慣的事情。因此,該板塊所選取的三個典型節(jié)日場景都是屬于跨文化交際語境,不僅每組對話中的人物來自不同的文化背景,對話者的身份和關(guān)系也不盡相同。1. Master the new words related to holiday: the lantern, Carnival, costume, dress(sb)up, march, congratulation, congratulate, riddle, ceremony, samba, make - up, after all. 2. To understand the origin of major world festivals and the activities held to celebrate them and the significance of these activities;3. Improve listening comprehension and oral expression of the topic by listening and talking about traditional festivals around the world;4. Improve my understanding of the topic by watching pictures and videos about different traditional festivals around the world;5. Review the common assimilation phenomenon in English phonetics, can distinguish the assimilated phonemes in the natural language flow, and consciously use the assimilation skill in oral expression. Importance:1. Guide students to pay attention to the attitude of the speaker in the process of listening, and identify the relationship between the characters;2. Inspire students to use topic words to describe the festival activities based on their background knowledge. Difficulties:In the process of listening to the correct understanding of the speaker's attitude, accurately identify the relationship between the characters.

*wide range of origins(= a great number of different origins, many kinds of origins)*It featured a parade and a great feast with music, dancing, and sports. (=A parade and a great feast with music, dancing, and sports were included as important parts of the Egyptian harvest festival.)*.. some traditions may fade away and others may be established.(= Some traditions may disappear gradually, while other new traditions may come into being.)Step 6 Practice(1) Listen and follow the tape.The teacher may remind the students to pay attention to the meaning and usage of the black words in the context, so as to prepare for the completion of the blanks in activity 5 and vocabulary exercises in the exercise book.(2) Students complete the text of activity 5 by themselves.The teacher needs to remind the students to fill in the blanks with the correct form of the vocabulary they have learned in the text.Students exchange their answers with their partners, and then teachers and students check their answers.(3)Finish the Ex in Activity 5 of students’ book.Step 7 Homework1. Read the text again, in-depth understanding of the text;2. Discuss the origin of festivals, the historical changes of related customs, the influence of commercial society on festivals and the connotation and essential meaning of festivals.3. Complete relevant exercises in the guide plan.1、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學習,學生是否理解和掌握閱讀文本中的新詞匯的意義與用法;2、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學習,學生能否結(jié)合文本特點快速而準確地找到主題句;3、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學習,學生能否理清論說文的語篇結(jié)構(gòu)和文本邏輯,了解節(jié)日風俗發(fā)展與變遷,感悟節(jié)日的內(nèi)涵與意義。

(2)Consolidate key vocabulary.Ask the students to complete the exercises of activity 6 by themselves. Then ask them to check the answers with their partners.(The first language:Damage of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and fire.A second language: Yunnan - one of the most diverse provinces in China).Step 5 Language points1. The teacher asks the students to read the text carefully, find out the more words and long and difficult sentences in the text and draw lines, understand the use of vocabulary, and analyze the structure of long and difficult sentences.2. The teacher explains and summarizes the usage of core vocabulary and asks the students to take notes.3. The teacher analyzes and explains the long and difficult sentences that the students don't understand, so that the students can understand them better.Step 6 Homework1. Read the text again, in-depth understanding of the text;2. Master the use of core vocabulary and understand the long and difficult sentences.3. Complete relevant exercises in the guide plan.1、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學習,學生是否理解和掌握閱讀文本中的新詞匯的意義與用法;2、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學習,學生能否結(jié)合文本特點了解文章的結(jié)構(gòu)和作者的寫作邏輯;3、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學習,學生能否了解舊金山的城市風貌、文化特色,以及加利福尼亞州的歷史,體會多元文化對美國的影響。

1. Ss look at the picture and scan the passage to understand the main idea while teacher is giving the following questions to inspire Ss to think.*Where are those people?*What are they doing?*Why are they so excited?2. Ss complete the passage with the appropriate -ing form. Then discuss and check the answers with class.Answers: boring, interesting, taking, exciting, amazing3. The teacher raises questions for the students to discuss and encourages them to express their opinions.*Do you like La Tomatina? Why or why not?4. Each group representative reports the discussion result, the teacher gives feedback and the evaluation.Step 6 PracticeActivity 41. Ss complete the Ex 2 in Using structures.2. Check the answers after finishing the exercises.①The dragon boat races are the most exciting part of the Dragon Boat Festival.② The children were excited to go Easter egg hunting.③What an amazing performance! This is the best music festival I have ever been to.④We were amazed by her funny-looking hat.⑤His inspiring speech at the conference won the admiration/ favour of the audience.⑥This is a challenging game to test your memory and observation capabilities. 3. T asks Ss to finish Ex 3 and 4 in Using structures by themselves, then check the answers with class.Step 6 Homework1. Understand and master the functions and usage of the -ing form;2. Finish the other exercises in Using structures.1、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學習,學生是否理解和掌握動詞-ing形式作定語和表語的功能和意義;2、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學習,學生能否在理解文段內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上,根據(jù)上下文語境和表達邏輯,能正確運用動詞-ing形式描述節(jié)日慶典。3、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學習,學生是否歸納和積累用于表達情緒的相關(guān)詞匯。

The price is the same as(the price was)before the war.價格與戰(zhàn)前相同。(4)定語從句中的“關(guān)系代詞+助動詞be”可以省略。The ticket(that/which was)booked by his sister has been sent to him.他妹妹訂的那張票已送到了他那里。Step 5 PracticeActivity 3(1) Guide students to complete the four activities in the Using Structures part of exercise book, in which activities 1 and 2 focus on ellipsis in dialogue answers, activity 3 focus on signs and headlines, two typical situations where ellipsis is used, and activity 4 focus on ellipsis in diary, an informal style.(2) Combine the examples in the above activities, ask students to summarize the omitted situations in groups, and make their own summary into a poster, and post it on the class wall after class to share with the class.(This step should give full play to the subjectivity of students, and teachers should encourage students to conclude different ellipsis phenomena according to their own understanding, they can conclude according to the different parts omitted in the sentence.)Step 6 Homework1. Understand and master the usages of ellipsis;2. Finish the other exercises in Using structures of Workbook.1、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學習,學生是否理解和掌握省略的用法;2、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學習,學生能否根據(jù)上下文語境或情景恢復句子中省略的成分,體會使用省略的效果;3、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學習,學生能否獨立完成練習冊和導學案中的相關(guān)練習。

該板塊的活動主題是“介紹一個有顯著文化特征的地方”( Describe a place with distinctive cultural identity)。該板塊通過介紹中國城繼續(xù)聚焦中國文化。本單元主題圖呈現(xiàn)的是舊金山中國城的典型景象, Reading and Thinking部分也提到中國城,為該板塊作鋪墊。介紹中國城的目的主要是體現(xiàn)中國文化與美國多元文化的關(guān)系,它是美國多元文化的重要組成部分。中國城也是海外華人的精神家園和傳播中國文化的重要窗口,外國人在中國城能近距離體驗中國文化。1. Read the text to understand the cultural characteristics of Chinatown in San Francisco and the relationship between Chinese culture and American multiculturalism;2. Through reading, learn to comb the main information of the article, understand the author's writing purpose and writing characteristics;3. Learn to give a comprehensive, accurate, and organized description of the city or town you live in;Learn to revise and evaluate your writing.Importance:1. Guide the students to read the introduction of Chinatown in San Francisco and grasp its writing characteristics;2. Guide students to introduce their city or town in a comprehensive, accurate and organized way;3. Learn to comb the main information of the article, understand the author's writing purpose, and master the core vocabulary.

Activity 81.Grasp the main idea of the listening.Listen to the tape and answer the following questions:Who are the two speakers in the listening? What is their relationship?What is the main idea of the first part of the listening? How about the second part?2.Complete the passage.Ask the students to quickly review the summaries of the two listening materials in activity 2. Then play the recording for the second time.Ask them to complete the passage and fill in the blanks.3.Play the recording again and ask the students to use the structure diagram to comb the information structure in the listening.(While listening, take notes. Capture key information quickly and accurately.)Step 8 Talking Activity 91.Focus on the listening text.Listen to the students and listen to the tape. Let them understand the attitudes of Wu Yue and Justin in the conversation.How does Wu Yue feel about Chinese minority cultures?What does Justin think of the Miao and Dong cultures?How do you know that?2.learn functional items that express concerns.Ask students to focus on the expressions listed in activity. 3.And try to analyze the meaning they convey, including praise (Super!).Agree (Exactly!)"(You're kidding.!)Tell me more about it. Tell me more about it.For example, "Yeah Sure." "Definitely!" "Certainly!" "No kidding!" "No wonder!" and so on.4.Ask the students to have conversations in small groups, acting as Jsim and his friends.Justin shares his travels in Guizhou with friends and his thoughts;Justin's friends should give appropriate feedback, express their interest in relevant information, and ask for information when necessary.In order to enrich the dialogue, teachers can expand and supplement the introduction of Miao, dong, Lusheng and Dong Dage.After the group practice, the teacher can choose several groups of students to show, and let the rest of the students listen carefully, after listening to the best performance of the group, and give at least two reasons.
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