
鞏固延伸嘗試與他人進(jìn)行書信交流第三課時教學(xué)設(shè)計教學(xué)目的與要求:1、 能夠使用所學(xué)四會句子完成Task time中的采訪任務(wù)。2、 能夠理解Let’s play中的問題并做出正確回答。3、 能夠聽懂、會唱歌曲“My Favourite Day”。教學(xué)重、難點:重點、難點為復(fù)習(xí)并使用四會句子完成Task time中的采訪任務(wù),并展示個人報道。課前準(zhǔn)備:教學(xué)掛圖、錄音帶、錄音機(jī)、簡歷表教學(xué)過程:1、 熱身(1) 放第二單元歌曲,學(xué)生跟唱,復(fù)習(xí)有關(guān)一周七天的單詞。(2) 日??谡Z練習(xí)。2、 預(yù)習(xí):放錄音,欣賞歌曲。3、 新授Task time(1) 就歌曲內(nèi)容向?qū)W生提問:Do you like weekends? What’s your favourite day? 引導(dǎo)學(xué)生回答:My favourite day is Saturday/Sunday. 并請學(xué)生說明理由,表述周末活動。出示采訪表,回答問題。(2) 讓學(xué)生參照學(xué)生用書的采訪表進(jìn)行小組交流,并在最短的時間內(nèi)填充表格,然后每組派代表做匯報。Let’s play看圖片,指導(dǎo)學(xué)生先讀懂句子,再回答問題。Let’s sing學(xué)生理解并學(xué)唱本單元歌曲“My Favourite Day”.鞏固延伸:采訪教師;畫畫猜人

教學(xué)目標(biāo)與要求:1、 通過活動和復(fù)習(xí)句型,介紹及動作短語等。2、 學(xué)唱歌曲。教學(xué)重、難點:重點為復(fù)習(xí)鞏固介詞及存在句型。難點為正確區(qū)分內(nèi)容相近的圖片。課前準(zhǔn)備:詞卡、錄音機(jī)、錄音帶、圖片教學(xué)過程:1、 熱身(1) 放歌曲錄音,學(xué)生跟唱。(2) 師生進(jìn)行日常會話。2、 預(yù)習(xí)做“按我說的做”游戲。3、 新授(1) 看圖片,問:Where is the …? Ss: It’s in /on/over…(2) 做“猜一猜”游戲。(3) 兩人一組完成Pair work,連一連,說一說。(4) 聽錄音,完成練習(xí)。錄音原文如下:There are mountains behind her village. There is a river near her house. There is a new air-conditioner in her bedroom. She cleans her bedroom every day.There is a lake near his village. There are many trees in front of his house. There is a big trash bin in his kitchen. He can cook tasty meals.There is a forest near his village. There is a road beside his house. There is a man under a tree. He often waters the flowers.There are many Paths in her village. There are new curtains on the window of her house. There are many new skirts in her closet. She washes the clothes every weekend.鞏固延伸:做“幸運摸獎”游戲

教師: 搜集單詞卡片、背景資料。 學(xué)生:彩筆、大白紙、相關(guān)新單詞。 教學(xué)設(shè)計 Step One: Learn the new words. 1.Present the new words. (Show some pictures and words on the screen to teach the students the new words.) T: What’s this? S1: It’s a room. T: Do you have a room like this? S2: Yes, I do./ No, I don’t. T: Read after me. R-O-O-M, room. Ss: R-O-O-M, room. (Teach the other words “TV, desk, picture” in the same way.) T: There are some words here. Read the words after me and spell them. (Learn the other words without pictures on the cards.) T: This is a word. Can you spell this word? (Point to a word in the card.) S1: Yes, I can. / No, I can’t. (Let them know the meaning of “can”.) T: I can spell your name. Can you spell my name? S1: Yes, I can. T: Can you write your name? S: Sorry, I can’t. I have no pen. T: You need a pen.( Give him a pen.) ( Let the students understand the word “need”.) T: I bring a football to school every day. Now it is on the floor. After class I take it to my home. (Teach “bring” and “take”. Put a football on the floor and point to the floor to teach the word “floor”.) 2.Practice the words. (Give the examples to the students and get the students to understand the new words.) Step To Listen and practice.

Step 3 (3b)First, tell the students when we talk about our future plans, we often use: I’m+verb+ing When we talk about what we must do, we use have to. Ask the students to fill in the blanks in 3b. The answers are: shopping, go to see, a test, I’m going, my family. Step 4 (3c)Let the students write an e-mail message to a friend. Say why you can’t visit next. Before the exercise, ask the students to give some possible answers and write them on the blackboard. So the students will feel easy to finish the writing exercise. After they finish it, Let them to correct it in groups first. Each group chooses theirs best one to read in front of the whole class. Step 5 ( planning a party )First read the conversation in the box together. Then ask the students to turn to page 88.Write down everything you have to do next week. Write in all the things you have to do . Ask the students to look at the list. Ask them “What day are you free?” This is when you can have your party. Step 6 (Self check 1 )Let the students to fill in the blanks with the words given. Change the forms of the words if possible. Then make their own sentences. The answers are: visit, playing, have to, study, comeStep 7 (Self check 2)Imagine you are Marie. Read the information and look at your schedule. Write replies to the invitation.

1. First, ... then, ... next, ... finally, ...首先,……然后,……接著,……最后,……這是英語中表達(dá)做某事的步驟的一種說法。如果步驟較多,還可以說:first-next-after that-later on-finally/at last通常你會聽到說英語國家的人在說 first, next, then, finally 和后面的內(nèi)容時,他們會做一些停頓。這樣就能提前告訴聽者接下來講的是一系列的步驟。這一點在朗讀和聽力中應(yīng)特別注意。2. how many, how much均為疑問詞,同是“多少”,但用法不同。請看:how many修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),how much修飾不可數(shù)名詞。但在用法上,同學(xué)們常犯如下錯誤:1) [誤] How many are there bananas on the table?[正] How many bananas are there on the table?[析] how many, how much 中的many,much是形容詞,常修飾名詞作定語,故后面跟名詞。2) [誤]How much tea are there on the table?[正]How much tea is there on the table?[析] how much修飾不可數(shù)名詞時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。how many與how much的區(qū)別可簡記為:前how many:問“多少”,復(fù)數(shù)名詞后面跑;how much問“多少”,不可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)好。前者答語用基數(shù)詞,后者答語用數(shù)量關(guān)系。

“Go for it!” is based on “Task-Based Language Teaching”. It adheres to “The authenticity principle”, “The form-function principle”, “The task dependency principle” and “The principle of learning by doing”. These principles all accord with the demands of curriculum focus.In and of Grade Seven (II), “Go for it!”, students have learned “The Simple Past Tense”. And it appears again in of Grade Eight (I). teaches students more about how to talk about events in the past. In addition, it gives affirmative and negative statements in the past tense, such as the sentence patterns “Did you see …?” “Were there …?” “Did you go …?” As the first part of Unit 8, Section A opens with a picture presenting the last school trip in the aquarium and continues with several step-by-step practice activities, which are all good for students to master “The Simple Past Tense”. Doing well in Section A will help students integrate the new target language with that in Section B. Thus, they can describe the events in the past freely and foster their own ability of reflecting and practicing. II. Teaching ObjectivesTeaching objective is the beginning and aim of teaching activities. According to the overall goal of the English elementary course--- improve students' synthetic ability of language application, which should be based on the development of students’ “Language knowledge”, “Language skills”, “Character building”, “Learning strategies” and “Cross-cultural awareness”. The teaching objectives are described as follows(I). Knowledge objectivesi. Master the simple past tense of regular and irregular verbsii. Recite the new words and expressions about the last school trip in the aquarium, including their pronunciation and intonation

1 交通工具的比較此活動為小組活動。學(xué)生通過討論找出到達(dá)某一城市可乘坐的各種交通工具,并選擇最佳出行方式。Teacher:We’re going to Shanghai. How many ways can we use to get there? Yes, there are four ways: by bus, by plane, by train, by ship. Please discuss how you are going to get there.操作建議:(1)學(xué)生以小組為單位展開活動,談?wù)摫窘M所選擇的交通工具。(2)各組選代表向全班匯報,闡述本組所選擇的交通工具的利和弊。完成任務(wù)所需要的語言結(jié)構(gòu):We can go there by ship. It’s more comfortable and cheaper than any other transportation.We can go there by bus. It’s cheaper but it takes longer time.2 哪個城市更合適?此活動具有挑戰(zhàn)性。假設(shè)中國要舉行2014年世界杯足球賽,分別從歷史,人文,天氣等方面對各城市(北京,大連,上海,昆明)進(jìn)行比較,選擇最佳舉辦城市。T: Imagine China is holding the 2014 FIFA World Cup. Which city do you think is the best for the World Cup, Beijing, Dalian, Shanghai or Kunming? Let’s work in groups. If you choose Beijing, please join the Team Red. If you chose Dalian, please join the Team White. If you choose Shanghai, please join the Team Blue. If you choose Kunming, please join the Team Green. Please show us its advantages. Then let’s see which team will win.

教學(xué)重點和難點:運用所掌握的語言描述,比較不同地點的特點。在練習(xí)中學(xué)習(xí)掌握英語比較級和最高級的用法。課前準(zhǔn)備分配小組,每組五至六人。通過上網(wǎng)或翻閱報刊雜志等方法,確定旅游線路,做出基本的旅游計劃。教學(xué)設(shè)計:本節(jié)課流程圖 學(xué)法指導(dǎo):1.由于這是一堂新課,在教學(xué)中應(yīng)注意面向全體,發(fā)揮學(xué)生的主體性,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生積極參與,激發(fā)學(xué)生的求知欲和學(xué)習(xí)積極性,指導(dǎo)學(xué)生積極思維,主動獲取知識,養(yǎng)成良好的學(xué)習(xí)方法。逐步學(xué)會獨立解決問題??傊M可能調(diào)動學(xué)生的非智力因素促進(jìn)智力因素的發(fā)展。教法選擇:1.電化教學(xué)法2.課堂討論法3.任務(wù)型教學(xué)法采用這些方法的目的是為了充分調(diào)動學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)積極性,使學(xué)生變被動學(xué)習(xí)為主動學(xué)習(xí)。通過電腦形象的演示,加強(qiáng)印象,提高興趣,突破難點,提高教學(xué)效率,進(jìn)而增大教學(xué)的容量和信息量。充分體現(xiàn)教師為主導(dǎo),學(xué)生為主體的教學(xué)原則。

一、 教學(xué)內(nèi)容Section A 1a----1c二、 教學(xué)目標(biāo)1.學(xué)習(xí)詞匯do the dishes, make the bed, take out the trash, fold the clothes, do the laundry, sweep the floor, clean the living room.2.句型 Could you please clean your room? Yes, sure.三、 教學(xué)準(zhǔn)備 學(xué)生預(yù)習(xí)本單元所有的詞匯多媒體課件 活動表 獎品四、 教學(xué)過程Pre-task1. Warming upEnjoy ourselves. Watch cartoon Cinderella. 看動畫片段《灰姑娘》導(dǎo)如入本課話題和新詞匯“chores”美麗善良的鬼姑娘因繼母的嫉妒,每天得做所有的家務(wù)。片段的主題使學(xué)生聯(lián)想到本課的話題。2. learn new words and phrasesLook! What is she / he dong? 看圖學(xué)習(xí)動詞詞組do chores, do the dishes, make the bed, take out the trash, fold the clothes, do the laundry, clean the living room.3. Guessing game.What is she doing ? 4. Pair work. 1a, Do you do these things at home? Write “Y” for “yes” and “N” for “no”.5. Listening . 1b , Peter’s chores or Mom’s chores?理解目標(biāo)語Could you please clean your room? Yes, sure.Write “M” for Mom’s chores, “P” for Peter’s chores in the chart.6. PairworkLook at the picture,Ask your partner to do the chores that you see. 7. Interview Who is the most able at home? 1) What chores do you do at home? How often do you do the chores? Work in four, interview each of the students in the group, fill in the chart.

Step Ⅶ Role play ( Work on 1b)1. First ask two students to read the dialogue to the class.Sa: How do you get to school?Sb: Well, I ride my bike to the subway station. Then I take the subway.2. Now work with a partner.Suppose you use two kinds of transportation to get to school \Hangzhou\Beijing... (bus, train, subway, walking, bike, etc.) Tell how you get there. You may use the phrases in 1a.3. Then ask different pairs of students to present their conversations to the class.Step ⅧListening1. Work on 2a(1) First ask students to read the list of information that Thomas wants to know.…where Nina lives.…h(huán)ow far from school she lives.…h(huán)ow long it takes to get to school.…h(huán)ow she gets to school.…what she thinks of the transportation.(2) Tell students what transportation and bus stop mean.bus stop 汽車站 transportation n. 運送;運輸Then tell students we'll hear a recording. Please put a checkmark in front of each thing that Thomas wants to know.(3) Now play the recording for students.( Have students pay attention to the sample answer.) (4) Then correct the answers.

Teaching goals : 1. Words & phrases: babysit ,get back , fishing , rent , think about , decide(on) , tourist etc. 2. How to talk about future plans . 3. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示將來計劃或行動. 4. 特殊疑問句(where , when , how long引導(dǎo)) Important and difficult points : Drills :What are you doing for vacation ? I’m watching TV . When are you going ? I’m going … . How long are you staying ? We’re staying for five days . Teaching aids : cards and a tape ,a large wall calendar . Period 1 Teaching procedures : Step 1Leading in1. Free talk . 2. Put up the wall calendar . T: I’m staying home on Saturday (pointing to next Saturday ).Ss repeat . Ss: I’m staying home on Saturday . T: OK. Today we’ll learn how to talk about future plans. Step 2Pre-task SB Page 13 , 1a . 1. Look at the picture carefully and tell what you see in the picture . 2. Write the activities from the pictures in the box and add some more . 3. Practice reading . Step 3While-task1. Using the activities we write in 1a to make conversations .For example :What are you doing for vacation ? I’m visiting my uncle . 2. Pairwork .Practice in pairs . 3. 用第三人稱練習(xí)對話.

教學(xué)目標(biāo)1.知識目標(biāo):(1)學(xué)習(xí)What are you going to be when you grow up?/How are you going to do that?句式。(2)學(xué)會用英語描述有關(guān)職業(yè)的表達(dá)法。2.能力目標(biāo):(1)能夠談?wù)摓閷崿F(xiàn)理想所做出的打算和安排。(2)能夠談?wù)撐磥碜约号c他人理想的職業(yè)及原因。(3)能用英語描述課余時間的活動安排,最終具備表達(dá)綜合信息的能力。3.情感目標(biāo):新學(xué)期到來之際,讓他們在學(xué)習(xí)、體育、飲食、特長、讀書等方面制定計劃,教育學(xué)生合理安排自己的課外生活,思考自己的理想職業(yè)及適合自己的職業(yè)。教學(xué)重點、難點本單元的重點為“be going to”表將來,want to be, what,where, when,how引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句。難點是語言目標(biāo)的實現(xiàn)。教材分析本單元以I am going to be a basketball player為話題,共設(shè)計了三部分的內(nèi)容:一、Section A該部分有4個模塊。第一模塊圍繞Do you think these jobs are interesting?這一話題展開思維(1a)、聽力(1b)、口語(1c)訓(xùn)練;

She shouldn’t go to the party tonight.Step7. TaskT: You know, there are lots of problems in our life. If you are a doctor, please tell us how to solve the problem. I will divide you into 9 groups. Please work in groups. And then choose one of you to report your ideas.The following are the problems:I have a toothache.I am hungry. I have a sore throat.I am stressed out. I have a sore back.I am tired. I can’t sleep.I have a cold. I have a headache.Report: If you have a headache, you should go to bed early. You should see the doctor. You should eat some medicine. You shouldn’t wash your face with cold water.You shouldn’t sleep late.You shouldn’t swim.…..T encourages the students to give advice as much as possible.Homework:1. Chose one of the problems, and write down your advice2. Copy the new words這一步是用于熱身的,同時也可以讓他們復(fù)習(xí)一部分的表示人體部位的單詞,擴(kuò)充知識.學(xué)習(xí)語言的過程也是一個不斷積累的過程,復(fù)習(xí)舊知識,增添新知識.通過小游戲,強(qiáng)化學(xué)生對Does she/he have…這個句子的運用能力.通過復(fù)習(xí),自然的引到下面新知識的學(xué)習(xí)。充分利用表格,由句子到對話,再到文章,讓學(xué)生循序漸進(jìn). 提高學(xué)生的綜合語言運用能力,運用以前學(xué)過的知識來解決身邊的問題.Period 5 (Section B 3a—3c, selfcheck)教學(xué)內(nèi)容與分析:

《樹之歌》是統(tǒng)編版二年級上冊第二單元的一篇識字課文。介紹樹木特征的歸類識字歌,描寫了楊樹、榕樹、梧桐樹……等11種樹木,表現(xiàn)了大自然樹木種類的豐富。課文安排了一組“木”字旁歸類識字。把樹木的名稱集中在一首詩歌中,讓學(xué)生在感受美麗景色、感受美好生活的同時,認(rèn)識事物,認(rèn)識表示樹木的漢字,感知不同樹木的名稱。教學(xué)的過程中可引導(dǎo)學(xué)生在誦讀文本的同時,體現(xiàn)多樣的識字形式,要將識字教學(xué)與閱讀文本有機(jī)融合, 在反復(fù)的讀書體會中,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生發(fā)現(xiàn)漢字規(guī)律,運用形聲字形旁表義、聲旁表音的特點歸類識字,并鼓勵學(xué)生運用已經(jīng)掌握的方法自主識字。 1.認(rèn)識“梧、桐”等15個生字,會寫“楊、壯”等10個生字。學(xué)會運用形聲字的特點自主識字。2.正確、流利地朗讀兒歌,并背誦全文。3.通過看圖和讀兒歌,初步了解11種樹木的基本特點。積累與樹木有關(guān)的語句。4.引導(dǎo)學(xué)生學(xué)會觀察身邊的事物,樹立愛護(hù)花草樹木的意識。 1.教學(xué)重點:學(xué)會本課生字,利用形聲字特點掌握木字旁的8個生字。朗讀課文,背誦課文。了解不同樹木的特點。2.教學(xué)難點:能按掌握形聲字的構(gòu)字特點,了解11種樹木的基本特點。積累與樹木有關(guān)的語句。能背誦課文。 2課時

《場景歌》是統(tǒng)編版二年級上冊第二單元的一篇識字課文。這是一組數(shù)量詞歸類識字。把數(shù)量詞分類集中在四幅不同的圖畫之中,讓學(xué)生在感受美麗景色、感受美好生活的同時,認(rèn)識事物,認(rèn)識表示事物的漢字,初步感知不同事物數(shù)量詞的表達(dá)方式。全文共五節(jié)。第一節(jié)是一幅大海風(fēng)景圖。第二節(jié)是一幅山村田園風(fēng)光圖。第三節(jié)是一幅公園景色圖。第四幅是少先隊員活動的場面。教師要充分調(diào)動學(xué)生的積極性,采用各種各樣的方法,讓學(xué)生自己認(rèn)字,朗讀。在教學(xué)的過程中,通過結(jié)合圖片和上下文,欣賞美麗景色,感受美好生活,同時認(rèn)識事物,初步感知不同事物數(shù)量詞的表達(dá)方式。 1.認(rèn)識“帆、艘”等10個生字,會寫“處、園”等10個生字。2.正確朗讀課文。初步感受場景展示的美麗景色,了解不同事物數(shù)量詞的不同的表達(dá)。3.選擇照片或圖畫,仿照課文,學(xué)習(xí)用數(shù)量詞表達(dá)生活中的事物。4.培養(yǎng)學(xué)生留心觀察周圍事物的習(xí)慣,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的觀察能力和想象能力。 1.教學(xué)重點:會認(rèn)、會寫課文相關(guān)生字。正確朗讀課文。背誦課文。初步感受場景展示的美麗景色,了解不同事物量詞的不同表達(dá)。2.教學(xué)難點:培養(yǎng)學(xué)生留心觀察周圍事物的習(xí)慣,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的觀察能力和想象能力。學(xué)習(xí)用數(shù)量詞表達(dá)生活中的事物。 2課時

一、新課導(dǎo)入同學(xué)們,你們一定讀過不少關(guān)于讀書的名言吧,比如“讀書忌死讀,死讀鉆牛角”“讀一本好書,就是和許多高尚的人談話”“讀書要有感受,要有審美感,對他人的金玉良言,要能融會貫通,并使之付諸實現(xiàn)”等。 這些名言,都體現(xiàn)了名人對于讀書的看法。今天,我們要一起學(xué)習(xí)著名作家培根的《談讀書》,看看他對讀書有哪些獨到的見解,能給我們帶來什么啟示。(板書課題)【設(shè)計意圖】從關(guān)于讀書的名人名言切入,拓展學(xué)生對于名人讀書心得的了解,激發(fā)學(xué)生探究的興趣。二、概括文章內(nèi)容,梳理文章層次1.自由閱讀課文,看看作者圍繞著“讀書”,提出了哪些觀點?讀的時候,把文中相關(guān)的句子勾畫出來。(1)讀書足以怡情,足以傅彩,足以長才。(2)讀書時不可存心詰難作者,不可盡信書上所言,亦不可只為尋章摘句,而應(yīng)推敲細(xì)思。(3)書有可淺嘗者,有可吞食者,少數(shù)則須咀嚼消化。(4)讀書使人充實,討論使人機(jī)智,作文使人準(zhǔn)確。(5)讀史使人明智,讀詩使人靈秀,數(shù)學(xué)使人周密,科學(xué)使人深刻,倫理學(xué)使人莊重,邏輯修辭之學(xué)使人善辯:凡有所學(xué),皆成性格。

2.攻辯階段。(1)第一輪攻辯:正方二辯選擇反方二辯或三辯進(jìn)行一對一攻辯,時間為1分30秒。(2)第二輪攻辯:反方二辯選擇正方二辯或三辯進(jìn)行一對一攻辯,時間為1分30秒。(3)第三輪攻辯:正方三辯選擇反方二辯或三辯進(jìn)行一對一攻辯,時間為1分30秒。(4)第四輪攻辯:反方三辯選擇正方二辯或三辯進(jìn)行一對一攻辯,時間為1分30秒。(5)正方一辯進(jìn)行攻辯小結(jié),時間為1分30秒。(6)反方一辯進(jìn)行攻辯小結(jié),時間為1分30秒。3.自由辯論階段。由正方先開始,雙方自由辯論,時間一共為8分鐘,雙方各4分鐘。4.結(jié)辯階段。(1)反方四辯總結(jié)陳詞,時間為3分鐘。(2)正方四辯總結(jié)陳詞,時間為3分鐘。5.觀眾提問。觀眾分別向正方和反方提兩個問題,正方和反方自由作答,每個問題回答時間不超過1分鐘。根據(jù)評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn),評委進(jìn)行打分,培養(yǎng)了學(xué)生的公平意識;評選出最佳團(tuán)隊和最佳辯手,有利于調(diào)動學(xué)生參與的積極性?!驹O(shè)計意圖】辯論賽的舉行,有利于調(diào)動學(xué)生的知識儲備,提升知識運用能力,而且鍛煉了學(xué)生的語言表達(dá)能力,提升了邏輯思維能力,培養(yǎng)了團(tuán)隊合作精神。

立意:①這個世界帶給我們的苦難或人生的挫折,是人生中必須經(jīng)歷的一種磨煉,需要我們用積極樂觀的心態(tài)去面對。②要積極、樂觀地面對生活中的災(zāi)難或人生的挫折,因為災(zāi)難或挫折有助于成長。③我們要樂觀地面對生活中的困境?!陨媳硎觯伎梢曌髡_立意。題目三:有人說助力成長的是夢想,有人說助力成長的是親人的鼓勵與陪伴,有人說助力成長的是挑戰(zhàn)困難的勇氣、堅強(qiáng)的意志、果斷的行動力……同學(xué)們,助力你成長的是什么呢?請自擬題目,寫一篇文章。要求:(1)緊扣主題,內(nèi)容具體充實;(2)有真情實感;(3)文體不限(詩歌、戲劇除外);(4)不少于600字;(5)文中請回避與你相關(guān)的人名、校名、地名。預(yù)設(shè) 審題:這是一道材料作文題。審讀材料可知,材料的核心詞語是“助力成長”,材料最后一句“助力你成長的是什么呢?”提示我們要思考什么是可以幫助我們成長的。助力成長的可以是材料中提及的夢想,親人的鼓勵和陪伴,勇氣、意志、行動力等,還可以是生活中的某些具體的人或事,如書本、老師、跑步等。立意:①夢想助力成長。②勇氣助力成長。

3.注意環(huán)境描寫對主題表達(dá)的暗示作用。小說中,環(huán)境描寫也是為主題表達(dá)服務(wù)的,它有極強(qiáng)的暗示和埋伏筆作用。例如《變色龍》中的“四下里一片沉靜。廣場上一個人也沒有。商店和飯館的門無精打采地敞著”“門口連一個乞丐也沒有”等環(huán)境描寫,反映了沙皇專制統(tǒng)治下社會的蕭條和死氣沉沉??傊?,理解小說主題的方法是多種多樣的,不僅僅局限于以上所談到的幾個方面,我們在解讀小說時要注意把虛構(gòu)的內(nèi)容與現(xiàn)實相結(jié)合,善于將小說與人生、社會、人性結(jié)合起來綜合分析,這樣才能更好地把握小說的主題。疑難探究席加洛夫?qū)④娂捌涓绺缭谖闹惺莻€怎樣的形象?在這篇小說中,席加洛夫?qū)④娂捌涓绺邕@兩個人物,始終沒有出場,但是在圍觀群眾及將軍家廚子的口中卻又無處不在。通過大家隨著狗主人身份的變化而不斷轉(zhuǎn)變態(tài)度這一點,就可以看出當(dāng)時社會中這兩個人的霸道和權(quán)勢熏天。就連他們家的一條狗,大家都惹不起,這是多么令人悲哀的社會現(xiàn)實。

開門見山,免去了君臣相見的繁文縟節(jié)的敘述;“齊人三鼓”一句,就包括了齊軍的第一次和第二次擊鼓進(jìn)擊而魯軍未出擊的過程,也寫出了齊軍依仗數(shù)量上的優(yōu)勢企圖取勝的急切心理;兩個“可矣”寫出了魯軍進(jìn)軍的情況;“轍亂”“旗靡”四個字就概括了齊軍潰敗的具體情況。文章拋開殘酷的戰(zhàn)爭場面,無一字描寫,僅一個“齊師敗績”寫明戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)果。多四字句,如“曹劌請見”“犧牲玉帛”“一鼓作氣”等,讀來典雅端莊,辭約而意豐,言簡而意明。疑難探究1.如何理解曹劌以平民身份而主動“論戰(zhàn)”的行為?曹劌堪稱中國古代平民政治家與軍事家。他只是魯國的一介平民,并非“肉食者”,本無機(jī)會參與國家大事的商討和實施。但他憑借著一顆赤誠的愛國之心,積極參與抵御外敵入侵的政治謀劃與軍事行動,并創(chuàng)造了以弱勝強(qiáng)的戰(zhàn)爭奇跡。2.請試著從曹劌、魯莊公、戰(zhàn)爭這三個角度分別用四個字對文章每一段內(nèi)容進(jìn)行概括。從曹劌的角度可以概括為:曹劌論戰(zhàn)—曹劌參戰(zhàn)—曹劌釋疑。從魯莊公的角度可以概括為:莊公將戰(zhàn)—莊公實戰(zhàn)—莊公問因。從戰(zhàn)爭的角度可以概括為:戰(zhàn)前準(zhǔn)備—戰(zhàn)爭過程—戰(zhàn)勝原因。
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