
? Could you offer me some kind of work here?? I don’t want your charity, I just want an honest job.? Careless: I landed in Britain by accident.Step 7:Consolidation.? Find Henry? Roderick and Oliver were I .making a bet when they saw Henry, a poor young man. ? Know Henry? About a month ago, Henry was sailing and later he found himself carried out to sea by a strong wind. Fortunately, he 2.was spotted by a ship. And it was the ship that brought him to 3.England? Offer money to Henry ? Oliver and Roderick gave Henry a letter and told him that there was money in it. They 4.persuaded him to accept it, and made him 5.promise that it wouldn't be opened until 2 o'clock.Step 8:Language pointsa large amount of: a large quantity of; a great deal ofe.g. They bought a large amount of furniture before they moved their new house.make a bet: make an arrangement to risk money, etc. on an event of which the result is doubtful.e.g. We made a bet on the result of the match.permit sb to do something: allow somebody to do somethinge.g. My mother doesn’t permit me to ride in the street after it rained.by accident: as a result of chancee.g. I only found it by accident.stare at: look at somebody or something with the eyes wide open in a fixed gaze( in astonishment, wonder, fear, etc)to be honest: to tell you the truth; to be franke.g. To be honest, I don’t think we have a chance of winning.Step7 Homework:What do you think will happen to Henry? Will the bank-note help him or get him into trouble?

Everybody wants to get wealth.In today’s material world,making money or becoming wealthy symbolizes a person’s success and capability. Many people just make every effort, pay any price to attain greater wealth. With money,they can buy nice, large apartments in nice neighborhood. With money they can own luxurious cars. Wealth seems to bring all happiness in life.But is wealth the only road to happiness? Not really. There are many things in the world, which are beyond the means of money, such as friendship, love, health and knowledge. People are so preoccupied with struggling for money that they have no time or would not take the time to form or maintain friendship. What happiness can they feel living as lonely miserable creatures without love or friends in the world even if they accumulate tremendous wealth?In my opinion, people can’t do anything without money, but money is not everything. What money will bring you depends on your personal belief and goal in life. If you are kind enough to help others, especially the poor, money is a good thing to you. With it, you can do much more for the benefit of people and your country, and it will add to your own happiness. If you want money just for your own needs, you’ll never be satisfied or happy. In a word,you should have money spent for more people. Only then can money be the source of your happiness.Step 8 Homework4 students in a group, one acts Roderick, one Oliver, one servant and the fourth one acts Henry Adams, then listen to the tape, pay more attention to the difference between American English and British English in pronunciation, stress, tone.

【參考范文】Narrator:(Henry is smiling as he leaves the restaurant. As he is walking down the street, he sees a sign for a place that cuts hair. He decides to get it cut. )H=Henry;B=Barber;R=rude manH:Good afternoon, I'd like to get a cut, if I may. (The barber looks at Henry's hair and continues cutting another man's hair. )Er, I'd really like a haircut. As you can see it's much too long. B:(in a rude manner) Yes, I can see that. Indeed, I can. H:Fine, well I'll have a seat then. (He sits in one of the barber's chairs. The barber turns to look at Henry. )B:It's quite expensive here, you know!Are you sure you can afford it?H:Yes. I think so. (In comes the rude man. )R:Hey you there. I need a haircut quickly. Can you do me straightaway?B:All right, then, get in the chair and I'll see what I can do. R:Thank you. (sits down in one of the barber's chairs)H:Excuse me, but I was here first. Aren't you going to do my hair first?B:This man's in a hurry. H:Well so am I!I insist that you cut my hair first. B:OK, but I'll have to be quick. This gentleman is waiting. H:Thank you. (They both become quiet. After his hair is cut, the barber tells Henry how much he must pay. Henry shows the barber the bank note. )B:Why, Mr . . . (looks shocked)H:Adams. Henry Adams. I'm sorry, I don't have any change. R:You're that Mr Adams! Well,I'm glad I waited or I might never have known it was you. B:Why, Mr Adams, please don't worry!(wearing a big smile) Nothing to worry about!Nothing at all!Please come back any time, even if you only need too little hairs cut!It will be my honour to serve you!

Step 2 Listening and Talking1. The teacher is advised to talk with their new students about the related topic: Boys and girls, do you know some structures to talk about future activities? Talking about future activitiesWe’ll …I plan to …There’ll be …I hope to …We’re going to …2. After their small talk, the teacher can move on by playing the listening and solve the following task.Underline the expressions in the sentences below Cao Jing and Max use to talk about the future.We’ll learn useful skills.I plan to improve my spoken English.There’ll be students from different schools.I hope to make new friends.We’ll talk about teenage life.I’ll learn to make a fire.There’ll be students from different countries at the camp.There’ll be some experts there to show us how to live in the wild.We’re going to learn about wildlife.I’m going to give a speech.I think I’m going to enjoy the activities.I think we’ll have a lot of fun.3. Work in groups. Plan a youth camp.Teacher make the Ss think of ideas for the camp. And they can use the questions below to get started. And have the Ss present their ideas for a youth camp to the class.●What kind of camp is it?●Who will be there?●What will they do?●What will they learn?

4.That was an experience that frightened everyone. →That was _____________________. 答案:1. taking 2. being discussed 3. in the reading room 4. a frightening experienceStep 6 The meaning and function of V-ing as the predicative動詞-ing形式作表語,它通常位于系動詞后面,用以說明主語“是什么”或“怎么樣”一種表示主語的特質(zhì)、特征和狀態(tài), 其作用相當于形容詞; 另一種具體說明主語的內(nèi)容, 即主語等同于表語, 兩者可互換。The music they are playing sounds so exciting. 他們演奏的音樂聽起來令人激動。The result is disappointing. 結(jié)果令人失望。Our job is playing all kinds of music. 我們的工作就是演奏各種音樂。Seeing is believing. 眼見為實。Step 7 Practice1. It is ________(amaze) that the boy is able to solve the problem so quickly.2. Buying a car is simply _______(waste) money. 3. Please stop making the noise—it’s getting ________(annoy). 4. complete the passage with the appropriate -ing form.La Tomatina is a festival that takes place in the Spanish town Bunol every August. I think many food festivals are __________ because people are just eating. however, this festival is _________ because people don't actually eat the tomatoes. Instead, they throw them at each other! the number of people ________ part in this tomato fight, can reach up to 20,000, and it is a very __________ fight that lasts for a whole hour. The _______ thing is how clean Bunol is after the tomatoes are washed away after the fight. this is because the juice form tomatoes is really good for making surfaces clean!答案:1. amazing 2. wasting 3. annoying4. boring interesting taking exciting amazing

Q4: What is the function of the International exploration ?Having astronauts from different countries on boardQ5: What can you learn from Para 4 ?China has made great achievements in exploring spaceQ6: What is the attitude to the space exploration ?SupportiveStep 6 Post reading---RetellPeople have always wanted to learn more about space. Before the mid-20th century, most people felt (1)_________ (travel) into space was an impossible dream. However, (2)____ the help of scientists, peoplesucceeded in realizing their dream (3) _________ (explore) space. On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik 1 satellite (4) ____________(launch) by the USSR. (5) ________________ scientists try to make sure nothing goes wrong, accidents can still happen. These disasters made everyone(6)___________(disappoint), but people still believe in the importance of (7) ________(carry) on space exploration. In 2003, China became the third country to (8)_____________ (independent) send humans into space. Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed (9)____ second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk. In spite of the difficulties, scientists hope future (10)__________ (discovery) will not only enable us to understand the universe but also help us survive well into the future.Answers: 1. travelling 2. with 3. to explore 4. was launched 5. Although6. disappointed 7. carrying 8. independently 9. a 10. discoveriesStep 6 Post reading---Critical thinkingQ1: What do you think of the space exploration ? I think it is beneficial to us. Through further study of space, people will make full use of it in the future, such as the space experiments by Wang Yaping in Tian Gong 1.Q2: If you are determined to be an astronaut, what should you prepare at present ?First of all, I should study hard to get a related college degree. Besides, I must keep mental and physical healthy.Step 7. HomeworkTry to summarize the structure of the article by a mind map.

2. 您能看到, 我頭發(fā)太長了。You can see that my hair is much too long.3. 無論什么時候, 只要您想回來就回來。Please come back whenever you want.4. 您僅有很少的頭發(fā)要理! You only have too little hair to cut !5. 為您服務(wù)是我的榮幸!It is my honour to serve you!Step 9 Writing(Henry is walking down the street when he sees a sign for a place that cuts hair. He decides to have it cut. )H=Henry B=BarberH: Good afternoon, I’d like to have my hair cut, if I may. (The barber looks at Henry’s hair and continues cutting another man’s hair. ) Er, I’d really like a haircut. As you can see it’s much too long. B: (in a rude manner) Yes, I can see that. Indeed, I can. H: Fine, well, I’ll have a seat then. (He sits in one of the barber’s chairs. The barber turns to look at Henry. )B: It’s quite expensive here, you know! Are you sure you can afford it?H: Yes. I think so. (After his hair is cut, the barber tells Henry how much he must pay. Henry shows the barber the bank note. )B: Why Mr. . . (looks shocked)H: Adams. Henry Adams. I’m sorry. I don’t have any change. B: Please don’t worry! (wearing a big smile) Nothing to worry about! Nothing at all! Please come back whenever you want, even if you only have too little hair to cut! It will be my honour to serve you!Step 10 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1. Are all the elements of a play included and in good order ?2. Do the character use suitable language ?3. Are the stage directions clear and useful ?4. Is the plot clear and exciting enough ?

4.They were going to find someone to take part in their bet when they saw Henry walking on the street outside.[歸納]1.過去將來時的基本構(gòu)成和用法過去將來時由“would+動詞原形”構(gòu)成,主要表示從過去某一時間來看將要發(fā)生的動作(尤其用于賓語從句中),還可以表示過去的動作習(xí)慣或傾向。Jeff knew he would be tired the next day.He promised that he would not open the letter until 2 o'clock.She said that she wouldn't do that again.2.表示過去將來時的其他表達法(1)was/were going to+動詞原形:該結(jié)構(gòu)有兩個主要用法,一是表示過去的打算,二是表示在過去看來有跡象表明將要發(fā)生某事。I thought it was going to rain.(2)was/were to+動詞原形:主要表示過去按計劃或安排要做的事情。She said she was to get married next month.(3)was/were about to+動詞原形:表示在過去看來即將要發(fā)生的動作,由于本身已含有“即將”的意味,所以不再與表示具體的將來時間狀語連用。I was about to go to bed when the phone rang.(4)was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞:表示在過去看來即將發(fā)生的動作,通常可用于該結(jié)構(gòu)中的動詞是come,go,leave,arrive,begin,start,stop,close,open,die,join,borrow,buy等瞬間動詞。Jack said he was leaving tomorrow.

(2)由來:《黃帝內(nèi)經(jīng)》是我國古典醫(yī)籍中現(xiàn)存最早的一部醫(yī)學(xué),在整個中醫(yī)的發(fā)展過程起著重要的作用。該書中闡述的理論,一直以來指導(dǎo)著整個中醫(yī)學(xué)術(shù)的發(fā)展,是學(xué)習(xí)中醫(yī)不可缺少的一部經(jīng)典讀物,也是現(xiàn)代中醫(yī)院學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)中醫(yī)時必讀的醫(yī)書。顧名思義,“內(nèi)經(jīng)”是講內(nèi)科方面的疾病,據(jù)《隋書.藝文志》記載,除了有《黃帝內(nèi)經(jīng)》外,還有一本《黃帝外經(jīng)》。這兩本書是姊妹篇。看來,《黃帝內(nèi)經(jīng)》是針對《黃帝外經(jīng)》說的。2、《傷寒雜病論》:集大成的中醫(yī)專著、“萬世寶典”(1)作者:東漢張仲景(2)內(nèi)容:全書分為“傷寒”和“雜病”兩大部分,(3)地位:創(chuàng)造性地提出辯證施治的方法,奠定了后世中醫(yī)臨床學(xué)的理論基礎(chǔ),被后世醫(yī)家譽為“萬世寶典”。3、《本草綱目》:“東方藥物巨典”(1)作者:明朝李時珍(2)內(nèi)容:記錄各類藥物1892種、藥方一萬多個,還繪制了一千多幅藥物形態(tài)圖。(3)地位:這部重要的中藥學(xué)著作,是對16世紀以前中藥學(xué)的系統(tǒng)總結(jié),被稱為“東方藥物寶典”。

展示幻燈片17、19——21視頻18,了解與中國建交的17個國家的概況,說明這是新中國成立后外交上取得的首次突破。 第一個和中國建交的非社會主義國家印度繼承了英帝國主義在中國的特權(quán),建國后中印雙方多次就西藏問題進行談判,正是在這一過程中周總理創(chuàng)造性地提出了和平共處五項原則。 成就2和平共處五項原則的提出 展示幻燈片22、23及視頻24 探究:和平共處五項原則形成的過程是怎樣的?內(nèi)容是什么?有何意義? 結(jié)論(一)三個提出過程,強調(diào)重點是首次提出 (二)內(nèi)容及其修訂 (三)意義:標志著新中國外交的成熟;它為開創(chuàng)中國外交新局面奠定了基礎(chǔ);在世界上也產(chǎn)生深遠的影響,成為解決國與國之間問題的基本準則。 展示幻燈片25、26 問題情境3:三、步入世界外交舞臺

【教學(xué)重點】怎樣弘揚和培育中華民族精神?!窘虒W(xué)策略】(1)通過引導(dǎo)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)和探討,使學(xué)生在解決實際問題的過程中了解弘揚和培育民族精神,最重要的是發(fā)揮“主心骨”的作用;必須繼承和發(fā)揚中華民族的優(yōu)良傳統(tǒng);必須正確對待外來思想文化的影響;必須與弘揚時代精神相結(jié)合。以愛國主義為核心的民族精神和以改革創(chuàng)新為核心的時代精神,相輔相成,相互支撐,統(tǒng)一于建設(shè)中國特色社會主義的偉大實踐。(2)通過踐行體驗,結(jié)合美國傳媒對世界的巨大影響以及不同國家強化民族精神教育的事例,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生體會和感悟民族精神對于一個國家、一個民族的生存和發(fā)展的重要性,理解我國當前弘揚和培育民族精神的重要意義;回顧歷史經(jīng)驗教訓(xùn),體會和思考我們應(yīng)該弘揚和培育什么樣的民族精神;面對世界范圍各種思想文化相互激蕩,體會和思考我們應(yīng)如何弘揚和培育民族精神?!咎骄恐笇?dǎo)】可分三個步驟進行。

當你看到他們獲得冠軍登上金牌領(lǐng)獎臺時,見到中華人民共和國國旗冉冉時升起時,聽到中華人民共和國國歌奏響時,作為一名中國人,即使你對這兩項運動都不感興趣,你有什么樣的感受?感覺到作為中國人的無比光榮與自豪 你呢 ? 你呢 ?你們都是一樣,我和絕大多數(shù)中國人都有這種共同的感受。這是在和平年代,而在民族危亡時期,人們也有共同的行動 例如1900年八國聯(lián)軍進攻北京的途中遇到了民間組織的頑強抵抗,中國人民手持刀槍棍棒,同槍炮武裝的侵略軍展開斗爭,血肉橫飛,依然面無懼色,戰(zhàn)到最后一人,也要奮勇拼殺。由以上兩種情況,我們大家思考是什么使得他們有著共同的感受,有著共同的行動?提示:(若換作是大和民族的人他在剛才的情境中則不會有呢?)顯而易見,我們是中華民族,有著共同的東西,共同的思想情感,共同的行為準則,而這些共同的東西就是我們所說的中華民族精神。

一、 教學(xué)目標 (一)知識與能力通過了解多極化趨勢和對世界的影響、歐盟的形成和擴展、日本成為經(jīng)濟大國的過程和原因、中國和第三世界的崛起等基本史實,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生綜合探究和歸納知識的能力(二)過程與方法以合作學(xué)習(xí)的“創(chuàng)設(shè)情境—目標顯示—自學(xué)嘗試—合作學(xué)習(xí)—成果匯報—總結(jié)評價”模式為主線,以學(xué)生自主探究活動為主體,以教師點撥為主導(dǎo),以培養(yǎng)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的興趣和能力為中心,來優(yōu)化課堂教學(xué)。教師創(chuàng)設(shè)重大國際事件的情境,讓學(xué)生親自探索各個主要國家對朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭和伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭立場和態(tài)度的決策,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生解讀歷史信息能力,并能夠根據(jù)自身的實際情況和外部環(huán)境,正確應(yīng)對重大事件。 (三)情感態(tài)度與價值觀提高學(xué)生對二戰(zhàn)后美蘇兩極以外的各種政治經(jīng)濟力量增長的認識,初步理解世界多極化趨勢的形成及影響,樹立世界走向多極化是不可阻擋的歷史潮流的價值判斷標準。

設(shè)問:你怎么看待這個問題的?(這是達爾文沒有想到的,是有人利用了達爾文的學(xué)說,科學(xué)應(yīng)該與其區(qū)分開來,但是科學(xué)家在研究時,既要做到為追求真理不斷探索,又要有一定的人文精神,比如我們只有以人為本,才能找到解決當今社會面臨的諸如環(huán)保、戰(zhàn)爭、饑荒等問題的途徑,才能構(gòu)建防止核物理技術(shù)、克隆技術(shù)、信息技術(shù)、生物技術(shù)、太空技術(shù)等可能對人類造成不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的破壞作用的思想基礎(chǔ)、決策機制和社會條件。更重要的是社會和國家應(yīng)該對此有足夠的認識,正因為此,所以現(xiàn)在當一項科學(xué)發(fā)明出臺后,就會有一些法律出臺,限制其可能的非人道用途。但是這些影響應(yīng)不成為我們進行科學(xué)探究的阻礙。)(3)科學(xué)與宗教的斗爭設(shè)計意圖:再次引導(dǎo)學(xué)生認識,科學(xué)的探索永無止境,同時也再次認識宗教和科學(xué)理論產(chǎn)生的原因。材料1:1972年,美國加利福尼亞教育部竟明文規(guī)定,中學(xué)生物學(xué)課本除進化論外,必須還有神創(chuàng)論的內(nèi)容,而且兩者的頁數(shù)要各占一半。

3.法律制度走向健全關(guān)于法律制度走向健全的歷史條件,可指導(dǎo)學(xué)生閱讀教材相關(guān)段落,教師適當補充說明,得出結(jié)論:提出法制建設(shè)方針并著手平反冤假錯案,這是恢復(fù)和加強民主法制建設(shè)的重要舉措。為全面開展法制建設(shè)準備了政治基礎(chǔ)。關(guān)于法制建設(shè)方針的提出,可由教師補充材料,使學(xué)生理解加強法制建設(shè)的必要性,如:鄧小平會見意大利記者奧琳埃娜?法拉奇(1980年8月)“奧:我看不出怎樣才能避免或防止再發(fā)生諸如“文化大革命”這樣可怕的事情?!薄班嚕哼@要從制度方面解決問題。我們過去的一些制度,實際上受了封建主義的影響,包括個人迷信、家長制或家長作風,甚至包括干部職務(wù)終身制。我們現(xiàn)在正在研究避免重復(fù)這種現(xiàn)象,準備從改革制度著手。我們這個國家有幾千年封建社會的歷史,缺乏社會主義的民主和社會主義的法制。現(xiàn)在我們要認真建立社會主義的民主制度和社會主義法制。只有這樣,才能解決問題?!?/p>

這三大措施是美國在冷戰(zhàn)初期的核心內(nèi)容,是為了實現(xiàn)美國的霸權(quán)政策而提出。它們體現(xiàn)了美國充分利用了意識形態(tài)差異的來其實現(xiàn)其全球霸權(quán)的意圖。把握住這些核心內(nèi)容將有助于掌握二戰(zhàn)后的國際形勢的發(fā)展。教學(xué)難點:兩極格局對二戰(zhàn)后國際關(guān)系發(fā)展的影響二戰(zhàn)改變國際的主要政治力量,隨著國家利益和意識形態(tài)沖突,美蘇兩大國由合作走向分裂,逐步形成了戰(zhàn)后的兩極格局。在此政治格局之下,避免了新的世界大戰(zhàn)爆發(fā),世界相對穩(wěn)定,但兩強相爭,又使得世界長期不得安寧。美蘇之間的關(guān)系影響到了其他各種關(guān)系的發(fā)展,認清此格局的影響對于認識當時和今天的國際關(guān)系具有重大的意義。三、教學(xué)內(nèi)容安排(1學(xué)時)第一目“從盟友到對手”教學(xué)要點:雅爾塔體系的確立;戰(zhàn)后初期的形勢;杜魯門主義的提出。第二目“美蘇‘冷戰(zhàn)’”教學(xué)要點:馬歇爾計劃與經(jīng)濟互助委員會;北約與華約兩大軍事政治集團的對峙。第三目“‘冷戰(zhàn)’陰影下的國際關(guān)系”

戰(zhàn)國陰陽五行家鄒衍認為,歷史中的朝代更替是由于五德運行產(chǎn)生的影響。按照鄒衍的學(xué)說,每個朝代必須與五德之一相連,因此,這個朝代就應(yīng)當遵循這五德之一的要求來運轉(zhuǎn)。董仲舒修改了這個理論,認為朝代的更替不是依循五德運行的順序,而是依循“三統(tǒng)”,即黑統(tǒng)、白統(tǒng)、赤統(tǒng)的順序。他在《三代改制質(zhì)文》中說:每個朝代都依循一統(tǒng),每統(tǒng)又各有其為政的系統(tǒng)。按董仲舒的說法,夏朝代表黑統(tǒng),商朝代表白統(tǒng);周朝則是赤統(tǒng)。夏、商、周三朝完成了這一歷史循環(huán)。之后,歷史又開始一次新的循環(huán),新的朝代又應(yīng)當代表黑統(tǒng)。繼承周朝統(tǒng)治的既不是秦朝,也不是漢朝,而是孔子,他承受天命,創(chuàng)立了黑統(tǒng)??鬃铀芴烀?,不是一種“法統(tǒng)”,而是一種“道統(tǒng)”。董仲舒說:“《春秋》大一統(tǒng)者,天地之常經(jīng),古今之通誼也。今師異道,人異論,百家殊方,指意不同,是以上亡以持一統(tǒng);法制數(shù)變,下不知所守。臣愚以為諸不在六藝之科孔子之術(shù)者,皆絕其道,勿使并進。邪辟之說滅息,然后統(tǒng)紀可一而法度可明,民知所從矣。”

知識與技能1、指導(dǎo)學(xué)生初步掌握稱謂語、禁忌語、委婉語等交際語言;2、指導(dǎo)學(xué)生根據(jù)具體的語境條件運用不同的交際語言,達到交際目的。過程與方法1、通過故事或習(xí)題分析,掌握有關(guān)交際語言的一些知識;2、講練結(jié)合,有所積累。情感、態(tài)度與價值觀點燃學(xué)生繼承中華傳統(tǒng)文化的熱情,以得體的交際語言營造良好的人際環(huán)境。教學(xué)重點根據(jù)交際中運用語言的要求,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生根據(jù)不同的語境條件恰當?shù)乇砬檫_意。教學(xué)難點通過課內(nèi)探索延伸至課外,積累關(guān)于交際中的語言運用的一些知識。教學(xué)課時:一課時教學(xué)過程一、導(dǎo)入利用一道口語交際訓(xùn)練題引入本節(jié)課要探究的內(nèi)容。例1:下面的場合,如果班長既想達到批評的目的,又想把話說得委婉些,表達恰當?shù)囊豁検牵–)小李和小楊,為了一點小事,兩人自習(xí)課上大聲地爭吵起來。這時,班長說:A、你們這樣大聲爭吵,影響很壞。B、你們這樣大聲爭吵,難道不感到羞恥吧?

材料四:印度提倡“只生一個好”——鼓勵三人小家庭 生男生女都一樣材料五:印度尼西亞《人口發(fā)展與幸福家庭法》材料六:我國基本國策 計劃生育(小結(jié))通過對以上材料的分析我們可以得出這樣的結(jié)論,不同的國家應(yīng)該采取不同的人口政策,對與發(fā)達國家來說人口增長緩慢,應(yīng)采取鼓勵生育,吸引移民的措施;發(fā)展中國家人口增長較快,實行控制人口的政策已經(jīng)迫在眉睫。不論是發(fā)達國家還是發(fā)展中國家共同的目標就是實現(xiàn)環(huán)境人口和社會經(jīng)濟的協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展?!菊n堂小結(jié)】這節(jié)課我們主要學(xué)習(xí)了人口的自然增長,影響人口自然增長的因素有哪些?(人口的自然增長率和人口的基數(shù))世界人口的數(shù)量在不同的歷史時期表現(xiàn)出不同的特征,同一歷史時期的不同地區(qū),人口數(shù)量的增長又有不同的特點。面對不同的人口形勢,各國應(yīng)采取不同的人口政策。

生:環(huán)境承載力是指環(huán)境能持續(xù)供養(yǎng)的人口數(shù)量。師:對了。但是有同學(xué)仍然會感到這是一個很抽象的概念。下面我們具體來了解什么是環(huán)境承載力。我們可以從兩個部分去理解:一、環(huán)境,它主要是指環(huán)境的單個要素(如:土地、水、氣候、植被等。)及其組合方式。二、是承載力,它指在特定的條件下,具體某事物能承受的某種活動的最大值。那環(huán)境承載力的科學(xué)定義是怎樣表達的呢?生:環(huán)境承載力是指某一時期,某種狀態(tài)條件下,某地區(qū)環(huán)境所能承受的人類活動作用的閾值。師:很對。 我們可以用一個生動的例子來說明。一只木桶里面的水的多少在底面積固定不變的情況下是由哪塊木板來決定?生:最短的那塊。師:確實如此。這就是我們平常所講的 “木桶效應(yīng)”。那影響環(huán)境承載力的大小也是由環(huán)境個要素里面最緊缺的那個要素來決定的。下面我們用一個例子來印證一下。
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