
3、若出現(xiàn)了個(gè)別明顯偏離絕大部分點(diǎn)所在直線的點(diǎn),該如何處理?(對(duì)于個(gè)別明顯偏離絕大部分點(diǎn)所在直線的點(diǎn),我們可以認(rèn)為是測(cè)量誤差過大、是測(cè)量中出現(xiàn)差錯(cuò)所致,將它視為無效點(diǎn),但是在圖像當(dāng)中仍應(yīng)該保留,因?yàn)槲覀円鹬貙?shí)驗(yàn)事實(shí),這畢竟是我們的第一手資料,是原始數(shù)據(jù)。)4、怎樣根據(jù)所畫的v-t圖像求加速度?(從所畫的圖像中取兩個(gè)點(diǎn),找到它們的縱、橫坐標(biāo)(t1,v1)、(t2,v2),然后代入公式,求得加速度,也就是直線的斜率。在平面直角坐標(biāo)系中,直線的斜率四、實(shí)踐與拓展例1、在探究小車速度隨時(shí)間變化規(guī)律的實(shí)驗(yàn)中,得到一條記錄小車運(yùn)動(dòng)情況的紙帶,如圖所示。圖中A、B、C、D、E為相鄰的計(jì)數(shù)點(diǎn),相鄰計(jì)數(shù)點(diǎn)的時(shí)間間隔為T=0.1s。⑴根據(jù)紙帶上的數(shù)據(jù),計(jì)算B、C、D各點(diǎn)的數(shù)據(jù),填入表中。

【設(shè)計(jì)思路】新課程十分強(qiáng)調(diào)科學(xué)探究在科學(xué)課程中的作用,應(yīng)該說科學(xué)探究是這次課程改革的核心。我覺得:科學(xué)探究不一定是要讓學(xué)生純粹地通過實(shí)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行探究,應(yīng)該說科學(xué)探究是一種科學(xué)精神,學(xué)生只要通過自己的探索和體驗(yàn),變未知為已知,這樣的教學(xué)活動(dòng)也是科學(xué)探究。本節(jié)課是概念教學(xué)課,讓學(xué)生純粹地通過實(shí)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行探究是不太合適的。但通過學(xué)生自己的探索和體驗(yàn),變未知為已知還比較合適。本節(jié)課的設(shè)計(jì)就是基于這樣的出發(fā)點(diǎn),在引出加速度的概念時(shí)低臺(tái)階,步步深入,充分激活學(xué)生的思維,是學(xué)生思維上的探究。通過復(fù)習(xí)前邊速度時(shí)間圖像,從而得到從圖像上得到加速度的方法,為加深加速度概念和相關(guān)知識(shí)的理解有配套了相應(yīng)練習(xí)題目,做到強(qiáng)化練習(xí)的目的?!窘虒W(xué)目標(biāo)】知識(shí)與技能1.理解加速度的意義,知道加速度是表示速度變化快慢的物理量.知道它的定義、公式、符號(hào)和單位,能用公式a=△v/△t進(jìn)行定量計(jì)算.2.知道加速度與速度的區(qū)別和聯(lián)系,會(huì)根據(jù)加速度與速度的方向關(guān)系判斷物體是加速運(yùn)動(dòng)還是減速運(yùn)動(dòng).

1.從監(jiān)測(cè)的范圍、速度,人力和財(cái)力的投入等方面看,遙感具有哪些特點(diǎn)?點(diǎn)撥:范圍更廣、速度更快、需要人力更少 、財(cái)力投入少。2.有人說:遙感是人的視力的延伸。你同意這種看法嗎?點(diǎn)撥:同意??梢詮倪b感的定義分析。從某種意義上說,人們“看”的過程就是在遙感,眼睛相當(dāng)于傳感器。課堂小結(jié):遙感技術(shù)是國(guó)土整治和區(qū)域發(fā)展研究中應(yīng)用較廣的技術(shù) 手段之一,我國(guó)在這個(gè)領(lǐng)域已經(jīng)走在了世界的前列。我國(guó)的大部分土地已經(jīng)獲得了大比例尺的航空影像資料,成功發(fā)射了回收式國(guó)土資源衛(wèi)星,自行研制發(fā)射了“風(fēng)云”衛(wèi)星。遙感技術(shù)為我國(guó)自然資源開發(fā)與利用提供 了大量的有用的資料,在我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)估產(chǎn)、災(zāi)害監(jiān)測(cè) 、礦產(chǎn)勘察、土地利用、環(huán)境管理與城鄉(xiāng)規(guī)劃中起到了非常重要的作用。板書設(shè)計(jì)§1.2地理信息技術(shù)在區(qū)域地理環(huán)境研究中的應(yīng)用

(4)假如你是110指揮中心的調(diào)度員,描述在接到報(bào)警電話到指揮警車前往出事地點(diǎn)的工作程序。點(diǎn)撥:接警→確認(rèn)出事地點(diǎn)的位置→(在顯示各巡警車的地理信息系統(tǒng)中)了解其周圍巡警車的位置→分析確定最近(或能最快到達(dá))的巡警車→通知該巡警車。(5)由此例推想,地理信息技術(shù)還可以應(yīng)用于城市管理的哪些部門中?點(diǎn)撥:城市交通組織和管理、商業(yè)組織和管理、城市規(guī)劃、衛(wèi)生救護(hù)、物流等部門,都可利用地理信息技術(shù)?!菊n堂小結(jié)】現(xiàn)代地理學(xué)中,3S技術(shù)學(xué)科的發(fā)展與應(yīng)用,日益成為地理學(xué)前沿科學(xué)研究的重要領(lǐng)域,并成為地理學(xué)服務(wù)于社會(huì)生產(chǎn)的主要途徑,現(xiàn)在3S技術(shù)已經(jīng)廣泛應(yīng)用于社會(huì)的各個(gè)領(lǐng)域。它們?nèi)呒扔蟹止び钟新?lián)系。遙感技術(shù)主要用于地理信息數(shù)據(jù)的獲取,全球定位系統(tǒng)主要用于地理信息的空間定位,地理信息系統(tǒng)主要用來對(duì)地理信息數(shù)據(jù)的管理、更新、分析等。

⑦在仰韶文化時(shí)期,我國(guó)就有了對(duì)竹利用的確切記載。竹自竹簡(jiǎn)、珠筆到竹紙,在保存和傳播我們中華民族的古老文化上立下了汗馬功勞。以竹為題材的詩(shī)詞歌賦,用竹編織和雕刻的藝術(shù)品,竹制的笙管笛簫奏出的音樂,無不給人類美的享受。⑧在我國(guó)文化史上,竹蘊(yùn)含著中華民族重要的精神價(jià)值。人們?cè)陂L(zhǎng)期的勞動(dòng)實(shí)踐和文化活動(dòng)中,把竹的生物特征逐漸升華為一種做人的美德。竹四季常青,不畏逆境,和松、梅并譽(yù)為“歲寒三友”;竹中空外直,虛懷若谷,和梅、蘭、菊并稱為“四君子”。⑨無論是魏晉嵇康、向秀等“竹林七賢”,還是唐朝李白、韓準(zhǔn)等“竹溪六逸”,莫不對(duì)竹有一份執(zhí)著和憧憬,清代鄭板橋,與竹為鄰,以竹為友,愛竹、寫竹、畫竹、贊竹?!扒トf擊還堅(jiān)韌,任爾東西南北風(fēng)”,正是他堅(jiān)忍不拔、超凡脫俗的人格寫照。

①2014年年中,世界衛(wèi)生組織(WHO)公布了《2013年全球氣候狀況報(bào)告》。報(bào)告顯示,2013年全球陸地和海洋表面平均溫度為14.5℃,比1961-1990年的平均溫度升高0.5℃。自有溫度記錄以來,全球14個(gè)最熱年份中有13個(gè)出現(xiàn)在本世紀(jì),而過去30年中每個(gè)10年都比前十年更熱。②厄爾尼諾是發(fā)生在熱帶太平洋上海溫異常增暖的氣候現(xiàn)象,大范圍熱帶太平洋增暖會(huì)造成全球氣候變化。進(jìn)入20世紀(jì)70年代后,全球出現(xiàn)的異常天氣,都有范圍廣、災(zāi)情重、時(shí)間長(zhǎng)等特點(diǎn),而在這一系列異常天氣的背后,厄爾尼諾暖流都起著重要作用。

青蒿素治療瘧疾效果顯著,是抵抗瘧疾耐藥性最好的藥物。中國(guó)發(fā)現(xiàn)青蒿素時(shí),美國(guó)也研制出一種抗瘧新藥—化學(xué)合成的甲氟喹,但瘧原蟲很快就適應(yīng)了它,產(chǎn)生耐藥性,臨床使用后患者還出現(xiàn)了明顯的不良反應(yīng)。而對(duì)于青蒿素這種從中草藥中提取的藥物,瘧原蟲對(duì)它完全沒有抵抗能力。1976 年1月,柬埔寨爆發(fā)瘧疾,因瘧原蟲已經(jīng)產(chǎn)生耐藥性,疫情一時(shí)難以控制。中國(guó)醫(yī)療隊(duì)攜帶一批青蒿素在柬埔寨大顯神威,挽救了一大批瘧疾患者的生命。

隨著自己的不斷長(zhǎng)大,發(fā)現(xiàn)我們身上的責(zé)任也越來越大,因?yàn)槲覀兪切聲r(shí)代的青年,我們要做好自己的責(zé)任,要努力學(xué)習(xí)。都說我們是垮掉的一代,實(shí)際上并不是,我們是抗疫的主力軍,沖在最前面為國(guó)家人民保駕護(hù)航! 共青團(tuán)建團(tuán)百年作為新時(shí)代的的青年,我們要樹立愛國(guó)主義精神,國(guó)家的前途,民族的命運(yùn),人民的幸福,是當(dāng)代中國(guó)青年必須和必將承擔(dān)的重任?! ∫员阋院鬄閲?guó)家和人民獻(xiàn)上自己的一份力,在不遠(yuǎn)的將來我們國(guó)家會(huì)越來越好,中華民族屹立于世界民族之林,實(shí)現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復(fù)興。

本章是第三章第一節(jié)的開端,學(xué)生在第二節(jié)已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了元素的組成和一些生物大分子,本節(jié)課內(nèi)容是學(xué)會(huì)使用顯微鏡,這是生物學(xué)習(xí)過程中最為重要的一種手段之一。對(duì)于今后的實(shí)驗(yàn)學(xué)習(xí)有著極其重要的作用。 學(xué)生中大部分同學(xué)在初中階段都有接觸過光學(xué)顯微鏡,所以在學(xué)習(xí)理論知識(shí)的時(shí)候能夠順利的進(jìn)行,但因?yàn)閷W(xué)校的條件有限,不能保證同學(xué)們進(jìn)行顯微鏡的實(shí)驗(yàn),本節(jié)課結(jié)合學(xué)生情況和實(shí)際情況,采用圖片和模型展示的方法進(jìn)行。 知識(shí)與能力 1、概述細(xì)胞學(xué)說建立的過程。 2、概述細(xì)胞學(xué)說的內(nèi)容和意義。 3、學(xué)習(xí)制作臨時(shí)玻片標(biāo)本,使用顯微鏡和繪圖的能。

The price is the same as(the price was)before the war.價(jià)格與戰(zhàn)前相同。(4)定語從句中的“關(guān)系代詞+助動(dòng)詞be”可以省略。The ticket(that/which was)booked by his sister has been sent to him.他妹妹訂的那張票已送到了他那里。Step 5 PracticeActivity 3(1) Guide students to complete the four activities in the Using Structures part of exercise book, in which activities 1 and 2 focus on ellipsis in dialogue answers, activity 3 focus on signs and headlines, two typical situations where ellipsis is used, and activity 4 focus on ellipsis in diary, an informal style.(2) Combine the examples in the above activities, ask students to summarize the omitted situations in groups, and make their own summary into a poster, and post it on the class wall after class to share with the class.(This step should give full play to the subjectivity of students, and teachers should encourage students to conclude different ellipsis phenomena according to their own understanding, they can conclude according to the different parts omitted in the sentence.)Step 6 Homework1. Understand and master the usages of ellipsis;2. Finish the other exercises in Using structures of Workbook.1、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生是否理解和掌握省略的用法;2、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否根據(jù)上下文語境或情景恢復(fù)句子中省略的成分,體會(huì)使用省略的效果;3、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否獨(dú)立完成練習(xí)冊(cè)和導(dǎo)學(xué)案中的相關(guān)練習(xí)。

(2)Consolidate key vocabulary.Ask the students to complete the exercises of activity 6 by themselves. Then ask them to check the answers with their partners.(The first language:Damage of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and fire.A second language: Yunnan - one of the most diverse provinces in China).Step 5 Language points1. The teacher asks the students to read the text carefully, find out the more words and long and difficult sentences in the text and draw lines, understand the use of vocabulary, and analyze the structure of long and difficult sentences.2. The teacher explains and summarizes the usage of core vocabulary and asks the students to take notes.3. The teacher analyzes and explains the long and difficult sentences that the students don't understand, so that the students can understand them better.Step 6 Homework1. Read the text again, in-depth understanding of the text;2. Master the use of core vocabulary and understand the long and difficult sentences.3. Complete relevant exercises in the guide plan.1、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生是否理解和掌握閱讀文本中的新詞匯的意義與用法;2、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否結(jié)合文本特點(diǎn)了解文章的結(jié)構(gòu)和作者的寫作邏輯;3、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否了解舊金山的城市風(fēng)貌、文化特色,以及加利福尼亞州的歷史,體會(huì)多元文化對(duì)美國(guó)的影響。

該板塊的活動(dòng)主題是“介紹一個(gè)有顯著文化特征的地方”( Describe a place with distinctive cultural identity)。該板塊通過介紹中國(guó)城繼續(xù)聚焦中國(guó)文化。本單元主題圖呈現(xiàn)的是舊金山中國(guó)城的典型景象, Reading and Thinking部分也提到中國(guó)城,為該板塊作鋪墊。介紹中國(guó)城的目的主要是體現(xiàn)中國(guó)文化與美國(guó)多元文化的關(guān)系,它是美國(guó)多元文化的重要組成部分。中國(guó)城也是海外華人的精神家園和傳播中國(guó)文化的重要窗口,外國(guó)人在中國(guó)城能近距離體驗(yàn)中國(guó)文化。1. Read the text to understand the cultural characteristics of Chinatown in San Francisco and the relationship between Chinese culture and American multiculturalism;2. Through reading, learn to comb the main information of the article, understand the author's writing purpose and writing characteristics;3. Learn to give a comprehensive, accurate, and organized description of the city or town you live in;Learn to revise and evaluate your writing.Importance:1. Guide the students to read the introduction of Chinatown in San Francisco and grasp its writing characteristics;2. Guide students to introduce their city or town in a comprehensive, accurate and organized way;3. Learn to comb the main information of the article, understand the author's writing purpose, and master the core vocabulary.

Activity 81.Grasp the main idea of the listening.Listen to the tape and answer the following questions:Who are the two speakers in the listening? What is their relationship?What is the main idea of the first part of the listening? How about the second part?2.Complete the passage.Ask the students to quickly review the summaries of the two listening materials in activity 2. Then play the recording for the second time.Ask them to complete the passage and fill in the blanks.3.Play the recording again and ask the students to use the structure diagram to comb the information structure in the listening.(While listening, take notes. Capture key information quickly and accurately.)Step 8 Talking Activity 91.Focus on the listening text.Listen to the students and listen to the tape. Let them understand the attitudes of Wu Yue and Justin in the conversation.How does Wu Yue feel about Chinese minority cultures?What does Justin think of the Miao and Dong cultures?How do you know that?2.learn functional items that express concerns.Ask students to focus on the expressions listed in activity. 3.And try to analyze the meaning they convey, including praise (Super!).Agree (Exactly!)"(You're kidding.!)Tell me more about it. Tell me more about it.For example, "Yeah Sure." "Definitely!" "Certainly!" "No kidding!" "No wonder!" and so on.4.Ask the students to have conversations in small groups, acting as Jsim and his friends.Justin shares his travels in Guizhou with friends and his thoughts;Justin's friends should give appropriate feedback, express their interest in relevant information, and ask for information when necessary.In order to enrich the dialogue, teachers can expand and supplement the introduction of Miao, dong, Lusheng and Dong Dage.After the group practice, the teacher can choose several groups of students to show, and let the rest of the students listen carefully, after listening to the best performance of the group, and give at least two reasons.

各小組派代表匯報(bào)。4、教師提出問題組織學(xué)生討論:⑴要想了解更多的綠色食品,了解綠色食品的銷售情況,我們應(yīng)該怎么做?⑵要想了解廣大消費(fèi)者對(duì)綠色食品的態(tài)度,食用綠色食品的意義,是否懂得辨認(rèn)綠色食品,以及什么樣的人群對(duì)此知識(shí)最缺乏等,我們應(yīng)該怎么做?組織學(xué)生匯報(bào)交流。5、做個(gè)“綠色食品”廣告設(shè)計(jì)師。為你喜歡的綠色食品設(shè)計(jì)廣告語,每組推薦一個(gè)。6、讓學(xué)生了解綠色食品認(rèn)證程序。7、綠色食品打“假”隊(duì)員在行動(dòng)。8、向?qū)W生介紹生態(tài)綠色食品基地。三、活動(dòng)總結(jié):通過研究、探討,了解學(xué)生對(duì)綠色食品的態(tài)度。提問:民以食為天,吃,是一個(gè)大問題,如果你的爸爸媽媽讓你到超市買牛奶、方便面等,你會(huì)選擇什么樣的食品?為什么?希望通過今天的學(xué)習(xí),同學(xué)們能夠做到綠色消費(fèi),也希望你們向自己的家人、向周圍的了解學(xué)生對(duì)“無公害食品”、“有機(jī)食品”與“綠色食品”的認(rèn)識(shí)。

陸王心學(xué)與程朱理學(xué)相比有何異同?生 不同點(diǎn):在理的內(nèi)涵上不同,程朱理學(xué)認(rèn)為“理”是貫通于宇宙、人倫的客觀存在,是一種普遍的規(guī)律準(zhǔn)則;陸王心學(xué)認(rèn)為心即理,是“良知”,認(rèn)為人心便是世界萬物的本原。方法上也有不同:前者向外追究,“格物致知”;后者向內(nèi)探求,“發(fā)明本心”以求理,克服私欲、回復(fù)良知。生 相同點(diǎn):都提出了一個(gè)宇宙、社會(huì)、人生遵循的“理”。師 對(duì)。程朱理學(xué)是客觀唯心主義,陽明心學(xué)是主觀唯心主義。這兩者的分歧是理學(xué)范圍內(nèi)的分歧,其基本思想是一致的。師 宋明理學(xué)與漢唐以前的儒學(xué)比較,最大的特點(diǎn)在于批判地吸收了佛教哲學(xué)的思辨結(jié)構(gòu)和道教的宇宙生成論,將儒家的倫理學(xué)說概括升華為哲學(xué)基本問題。其實(shí)質(zhì)是把佛、道“養(yǎng)性”“修身”引向儒家的“齊家”“治國(guó)”“平天下”,對(duì)儒家的綱常道德給予哲學(xué)論證,使之神圣化、絕對(duì)化、普遍化,以便深入人心,做到人人遵而行之。

Teaching plan for Unit 1 book3Good morning, teachers. It’s my great pleasure to be here because I can share my lesson with you and I can learn a lot from it. I’ll begin my lesson from the following four parts, the teaching material, the teaching methods, the studying methods and the teaching procedure.Firstly, let me talk about the teaching material. The content of my lesson is the reading passage festivals and celebrations of Unit 1 Festivals around the world. This passage is about festivals and celebrations. By studying this passage, we’ll enable the students to know that festivals exit everywhere, and many of festivals in different countries celebrate similar ideas. As we all know, the reading passage is the center of each unit. If the Ss can learn it well, it will be helpful to make the Ss learn the rest of this unit.After studying the teaching material, I think the teaching aims are as the followings:1. Knowledge aims:(1) The Ss can master the usage of the important words andexpressions.(2)The Ss can use the __________________ (grammar) in the proper situation.Make students know about the festivals all over the world and the detail of the festivals, such as origin, content, and the date of the holiday festivals.2. Ability aims:(1) Students can talk about festivals and celebrations in English(2) To improve the student’s reading ability, especially their skimming and scanning ability.3. Emotion aims:Make the Ss know about the foreign festivals, and respect other countries’ custom.Next, let’s come to the important points and the difficult points.The important point is how to make the Ss understand the text better and the difficult point is how can they talk about it. secondly, Teaching Methods:1. task-based Language Teaching2. Computer assisted language teaching.3. question-and–answer methodThirdly, Studying Methods:

在接下來的細(xì)讀環(huán)節(jié),我套用了高考對(duì)閱讀理解的考查方式設(shè)置了5個(gè)問題,分別為三個(gè)推理判斷題,一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)題和一個(gè)主旨大意題。學(xué)生需要對(duì)文章的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行分析、歸納、推理、猜測(cè)等高級(jí)思維活動(dòng)才能做出正確的回答。【設(shè)計(jì)意圖】這一過程是對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行細(xì)讀的訓(xùn)練,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生獲取特定信息和挖掘文章深層次信息的能力。第三環(huán)節(jié):Intensive-reading (精讀) 15′第三個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)精讀,既是最重要的環(huán)節(jié),也是突破本課重難點(diǎn)的關(guān)鍵。首先,讓學(xué)生思考劇本中人物看到百萬英鎊前后的態(tài)度發(fā)生了怎樣的變化。其次,讓學(xué)生仔細(xì)閱讀文章,找出可以表現(xiàn)人物態(tài)度變化的具體的語言和動(dòng)作。最后,讓學(xué)生總結(jié)人物的態(tài)度發(fā)生變化的根本原因是什么,從而引出Money Talks, 供學(xué)生思考。【設(shè)計(jì)意圖】通過一系列的活動(dòng)培養(yǎng)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)從人物的語言和動(dòng)作探究人物的心理,使學(xué)生進(jìn)一步體會(huì)戲劇語言的魅力,從而對(duì)文章背后所反映的社會(huì)問題進(jìn)行思考,也為下一步的討論環(huán)節(jié)做好鋪墊。

Step 2 Pre-listeningAfter students finish their discussion, I will show a picture of Newton and ask them: Who is him? What is he famous for? Could you find out some words to describe him? Maybe students will answer that he is genius for his finding of theGravitation, making a great contribution to the progress of human being. At that time I will show another two pictures of Einstein and Hawking, letting students guess who they are and write down their idea about the Gravitation. For I have arranged them to search more information about the gravity before this class, Students have beenfamiliar with the topic and will not be afraid about this abstract conception, which is helpful for their listening.Step 3 While-listeningIn this step, students will be required to listen the material for three times. The first and listening is extensive listening and the second and third listening is intensive listening. In the first time, They are required to listen a material including Part 1 and Part 2 and choose the best summary of the listening text. After they choose the right answer, They also need work in group to explain what is wrong with the others. Then I will make a conclusion that we should pay attention to the first paragraph and last paragraph and some keys to get the main idea. By doing this, their capacity of generalization will have a great improvement.Before the second listening, I will ask students to scan the blank on the power point quickly and ask them to note down some key words .Then ask them to listen to the Part 1again and fill the first column of the chart. Maybe some students just show the ideas of these three scientists an still can’t catch their development of gravity. Therefore, I will ask them to listen to Part 2 again and fill in the rest. After finish the listening, I will give them ten minutes to discuss with their partner. I will also guidethem to improve their answers when they discuss with others.

在講述細(xì)胞分化的意義時(shí),也可以用實(shí)例來解決,工廠的生產(chǎn)車間里不同的工人干著不同的工作,一件產(chǎn)品的產(chǎn)出需要這些工人才能創(chuàng)造出來,一個(gè)生物體就像一個(gè)車間一樣,不同的細(xì)胞各司其職,相互合作。工人的分工是主管調(diào)解出來的,而不同細(xì)胞的出現(xiàn)就是細(xì)胞分化的結(jié)果,所以說,細(xì)胞的分化是生物體發(fā)育的基礎(chǔ)。在講到細(xì)胞全能性的時(shí)候,要多給學(xué)生舉些關(guān)于細(xì)胞全能性的例子,如植物組織培養(yǎng)、克隆技術(shù)等等,讓學(xué)生從實(shí)際的例子中真正的悟出細(xì)胞全能性的含義。此外,還要重視教材中的疑問,適當(dāng)對(duì)題目進(jìn)行引申,使它的作用更加突出,有利于學(xué)生對(duì)知識(shí)的串聯(lián)、積累、加工,從而達(dá)到舉一反三的效果。怎樣來解釋細(xì)胞的全能性呢?這主要以講授法來解釋了,細(xì)胞全能性的體現(xiàn)需要在組織或器官離體后才能體現(xiàn)出來,每個(gè)細(xì)胞都包含著生物體的全套遺傳基因,通過基因選擇性的表達(dá),使離體的組織或器官通過分裂和分化逐漸發(fā)育成完整的植株。

3、清代的“閉關(guān)鎖國(guó)”政策:(1)原因:①根本原因:自給自足的封建自然經(jīng)濟(jì);②客觀原因:西方殖民者向東方殖民擴(kuò)張;③直接原因:對(duì)付東南沿海人民的抗清斗爭(zhēng)(2)內(nèi)容:嚴(yán)格限制對(duì)外貿(mào)易。但并不是禁絕海外貿(mào)易??滴跬砥?,禁止商人前往南洋貿(mào)易;乾隆時(shí)只開廣州一處通商,并設(shè)立政府特許的貿(mào)易機(jī)構(gòu)廣州“十三行”統(tǒng)一經(jīng)營(yíng)管理對(duì)外貿(mào)易。(3)后果:①閉關(guān)鎖國(guó)政策妨礙了海外市場(chǎng)的開拓,抑制了資本的原始積累,從而阻礙了資本主義萌芽的發(fā)展。②閉關(guān)鎖國(guó)政策隔絕了中國(guó)與外界的聯(lián)系,從而阻斷了中國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)西方的先進(jìn)科學(xué)技術(shù),阻礙了生產(chǎn)力發(fā)展,使中國(guó)落后于世界潮流。③“閉關(guān)鎖國(guó)”政策在一定程度上也保護(hù)了國(guó)家的安全。教師可以設(shè)置問題:17-18世紀(jì)中國(guó)顯露出哪些危機(jī)?
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