
(2) students are divided into groups according to the requirements of activity 3. Each student shares a story of personal experience or hearing-witnessing kindness, and then selects the most touching story in the group and shares it with the whole class. Before the students share the story, the teacher can instruct them to use the words and sentence patterns in the box to express. For example, the words in the box can be classified:Time order: first of all, then, after that, later, finally logical relationship :so, however, although, butTeachers can also appropriately add some transitional language to enrich students' expression:Afterwards, afterwards, at last, in the end, eventuallySpatial order: next to, far from, on the left, in front ofOtherwise, nevertheless, as a result, therefore, furthermore, in addition, as well asSummary: in a word, in short, on the whole, to sum up, in briefStep 8 Homework1. Understand the definition of "moral dilemma" and establish a correct moral view;2. Accumulate vocabulary about attitudes and emotions in listening texts and use them to express your own views;3. Complete relevant exercises in the guide plan.1、通過(guò)本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否理解理解“道德困境”的定義;2、通過(guò)本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否通過(guò)說(shuō)話人所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容、說(shuō)話的語(yǔ)氣、語(yǔ)調(diào)等來(lái)判斷其態(tài)度和情緒;3、通過(guò)本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否針對(duì)具體的道德困境發(fā)表自己的看法和見(jiàn)解,能否掌握聽(tīng)力理訓(xùn)練中的聽(tīng)力策略。

This teaching period mainly deals with grammar “The Present Perfect Passive Voice.” To begin with, teachers should lead students to revise what they have learned about the Present Perfect Passive Voice. And then, teachers move on to stress more special cases concerning this grammar。This period carries considerable significance to the cultivation of students’ writing competence and lays a solid foundation for the basic appreciation of language beauty. The teacher is expected to enable students to master this period thoroughly and consolidate the knowledge by doing some exercises. 1. Guide students to review the basic usages of the Present Perfect Passive Voice2. Lead students to learn to use some special cases concerning the Present Perfect Passive Voice flexibly.2. Enable students to use the basic phrases structures flexibly.3. Strengthen students’ great interest in grammar learning.1. Help students to appreciate the function of the Present Perfect Passive Voice in a sentence2. Instruct students to write essays using the proper the Present Perfect Passive Voice.觀察下列句子特點(diǎn),總結(jié)共同點(diǎn)。1.(教材P28)Much has been written about the wonders of the World Wide Web.2.(教材P28)But the Internet has done much more for people than simply make life more convenient.3.(教材P28)Many people have been helped by the club.4.(教材P28)She no longer feels lonely, and her company has become quite successful.5.(教材P32)Today I thought I’d blog about a question that has been asked many times—how do you stay safe online and avoid bad experiences on the Internet?

This unit is about the Internet, which has a great influence to our humans and our lives. During the Listening & Speaking & Talking and Reading and Thinking section, the influence in examples has been shown. Thus, use the Present Perfect Tense is appropriate. However, in order to show the justice or weaken the doer of the behavior/action, it’s better to use the Present Perfect Passive Voice than the Present Perfect Tense. Besides, having learned to use the Present Perfect Passive Voice, students can beautify their language in their writing. 1. Learn the structure of the Present Perfect Passive Voice and its functions. 2. Learn to change the sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice into the sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice. 3. Learn to write sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice flexibly according to the context. 1. Learn the structure of the Present Perfect Passive Voice and its functions. 2. Learn to change the sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice into the sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice. 3. Learn to write sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice flexibly according to the context. Step 1 Observe the following sentences, then change the sentences into passive voice.He has been selected to take part in the sports meeting.(肯定句)他已被挑選出來(lái)參加運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。The ink has not been removed from his overcoat.(否定句)墨跡還沒(méi)有從他外套上去掉。

From the pictures in the text and the title--- choose the best app, we can know that this part is about how to save money by using apps.Step 2 While-listening1. Laura and Xiao Bo are talking about apps. Listen to their conversation and find out what apps they want.Xiao Bo is looking for a(n) exercise app to help him get in shape.Laura would like an app for getting rich and another that will make her grades better.2. Listen again. Are the sentences true T or false F?1). Both of Xiao Bo's apps keep track of the steps he takes._____2). Xiao Bo's second app can help him make a fitness plan._____3). Laura needs an app that will help her get discounts.______4). Laura needs an app that will add money to her bank account._______F T F T3. Listen once more and tick the sentence you hear. Underline the words used to express predictions, guesses, and beliefs.Predictions, Guesses, and Beliefs________It might help me walk more.________My guess is that it wouldn't work.________I imagine this app would help me get fit faster________I suppose that would be good.________I guess you could save a little with this app.________I suppose there would be some problems, too.________I believe this app could help me get thinner.

Q5:What's Jan's next goal?Her next goal is to start a charity website to raise money for children in poor countries.Q6:What can we learn from her experiences?We learn that when we go through tough times, we can find help and support from other people online. We learn that we can feel less lonelyStep 5: While reading---rethinkingQ1: What is Jan’s attitude to the Internet ?Thankful/Grateful, because it has changed her and her life.Q2: What writing skills is used in the article ?Examples(Jan’s example, the 59-year-old man’s and the 61-year-old woman’s example)Q3: Can you get the main idea of the article ?The Internet has changed Jan’s life/Jan’s life has been changed by the Internet.Step 6 Post reading---Retell the storyMuch has been written about the wonders of the World Wide Web. There are countless articles (1)telling(tell) us how the Internet has made our lives more convenient. But the Internet has done a lot (2)more(much) for people than simply make life more convenient. People’s lives (3) have been changed(change) by online communities and social networks so far. Take Jan for example, who developed a serious illness that made her (4)stuck(stick) at home with only her computer to keep (5)her(she) company. She joined an online group (6)where she could share problems, support and advice with others. She considered the ability to remove the distance between people as one of the greatest (7)benefits(benefit). She was so inspired (8)that she started an IT club in which many people have been helped. She has started to learn more about how to use the Internet to make society better. Her next goal is to start a charity website to raise money (9)for children in poor countries. Jan’s life has been (10)greatly(great) improved by the Internet.

8. However, the more polite you are, the less likely it is you will be attacked. 然而, 你越有禮貌, 你被攻擊的可能性就越小。 Step 8 Writing---the articleHow to stay safe in the online chat roomToday I thought I’d blog about a question that has been asked many times--- how do you stay safe online and avoid bad experiences in the online chat room ? I’m not an expert, but many years as a blogger have taught me a thing or two.First of all, there’s the golden rule of the Internet: keep out of what makes you uneasy. Don’t post comments or click on anything. Second, protect your privacy. Don’t give out too much private information like your address, phone numbers, the ID numbers, etc. Third, be polite. If you are polite to others on the Internet, you won’t be attacked in normal situation. Finally, don’t believe in others easily and never meet someone you met online alone. It is very dangerous.Have you had any bad experiences online, or do you have some good advice for staying safe? Post your comments below!Step 9 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1. Does the writer tell the reader what he/she know about the topic ?2. Are the tips and suggestions well organised ?3. Has the writer defined the new words ?4. Does the author include examples, comparison, or explanations ?5. Does the writer end by asking readers to leave comments and/or suggestions ?6. Can you find any grammar or spelling mistakes.Step 6 HomeworkPut up your revised draft in the classroom or read it to your class.

⑦identity theft 身份盜竊⑧chat room 聊天室⑨draft your blog post 起草博客帖子⑩post embarrassing photos 張貼尷尬照片 【話題句式】 1. How do you stay safe online and avoid bad experiences on the Internet? 你如何在網(wǎng)上保持安全, 避免在網(wǎng)上的不良經(jīng)歷? 2. I’m not an expert, but many years as a blogger have taught me a thing or two. 我不是專家, 但作為一個(gè)博主, 我已經(jīng)學(xué)了好幾年了。 3. If you see or read something that makes you feel uncomfortable, leave the site immediately. 如果你看到或讀到一些讓你覺(jué)得不舒服的東西, 立即離開這個(gè)網(wǎng)站。4. Don’t give out your address or phone number. 別告訴別人你的地址或電話號(hào)碼。 5. Identity theft is a common and serious problem. 身份盜竊是一個(gè)常見(jiàn)而嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題。6. Being online is no excuse for being rude, and you don’t want to become a target for a troll or cyberbully. 上網(wǎng)并不是無(wú)禮的借口, 你也不想成為發(fā)挑釁帖子的人或網(wǎng)絡(luò)惡霸的目標(biāo)。 7. Trolls often use several false names so that they can stay on a site. 發(fā)挑釁帖子的人經(jīng)常使用幾個(gè)假名, 這樣他們就可以留在一個(gè)網(wǎng)站上。8. However, the more polite you are, the less likely it is you will be attacked. 然而, 你越有禮貌, 你被攻擊的可能性就越小。

Activity 41. Students complete the task of activity 4, then teachers and students check the answers. 2. The teacher organized the students to work together and asked them to use the tables and mind maps sorted out before to retold the important choices in Lin Qiaozhi's life and their resultsStep 5 Language points1. The teacher asks the students to read the text carefully, find out the core words and long and difficult sentences in the text and draw lines, understand the use of vocabulary, and analyze the structure of long and difficult sentences. 2. The teacher explains and summarizes the usage of core vocabulary and asks the students to take notes. 3. The teacher analyzes and explains the long and difficult sentences that the students don't understand, so that the students can understand them better. Step 6 Homework1. Read the text again, in-depth understanding of the text; 2. Master the use of core vocabulary and understand the long and difficult sentences. 3. Complete relevant exercises in the guide plan. 1、通過(guò)本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生是否理解和掌握閱讀文本中的新詞匯的意義與用法;2、通過(guò)本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否結(jié)合文本特點(diǎn)總結(jié)林巧稚的人生原則和人格品質(zhì)特征;3、通過(guò)本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否針對(duì)人生抉擇發(fā)表自己的看法;能否全面地、客觀地、理性地看待問(wèn)題,進(jìn)而對(duì)道德和人性有更加深入的思考和理解。

The joke set her crying.這個(gè)玩笑使她哭起來(lái)。Step 5 ReadingActivity 31. Students read the small text in activity 3. The teacher provides several small questions to check whether students understand the content of the text and the ideographic function of the -ing form in the text.*Where are those people?*Why did Dr Bethune come to China?*How did he help the Chinese people during the war?*What did Chairman Mao Zedong say about him?2. Ss try to rewrite some sentences using the -ing form. Then check the answers. When checking the answers, the teacher can ask different students to read the rewritten sentences and give comments.Answers:1. he became very interested in medicine, deciding to become a doctor.2. …after hearing that many people were dying in the war.3. Helping to organise hospitals, he taught doctors and nurses, and showed people how to give first aid./ He helped to organise hospitals, teaching doctors and nurses, and showing people how to give first aid.4. …praising Dr Bethune as a hero to be remembered in China.Step 6 PracticeActivity 4Students complete grammar activities 2 and 3 on page 69 of the workbook.Step 6 Homework1. Understand and master the functions and usage of the -ing form;2. Finish the other exercises in Using structures.1、通過(guò)本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生是否理解和掌握動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)語(yǔ)的功能和意義;2、通過(guò)本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否正確使用動(dòng)詞-ing形式描述人物的行為、動(dòng)作及其經(jīng)歷;3、通過(guò)本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否獨(dú)立完成練習(xí)冊(cè)和導(dǎo)學(xué)案中的相關(guān)練習(xí)。

3.Teachers ask different groups to report the answers to the questions and ask them to try different sentence patterns.The teacher added some sentence patterns for students to refer to when writing.Step 4 Writing taskActivity 51.Write the first draft.Students first review the evaluation criteria in activity 5, and then independently complete the draft according to the outline of activity 4, the answers to the questions listed in the group discussion and report, and the reference sentence pattern.2.Change partners.The teacher guides the students to evaluate their partner's composition according to the checklist of activity 5 and proposes Suggestions for modification.3.Finalize the draft.Based on the peer evaluation, students revise their own compositions and determine the final draft.Finally, through group recommendation, the teacher selects excellent compositions for projection display or reading aloud in class, and gives comments and Suggestions.Step 5 Showing writingActivity 5T call some Ss to share their writing.Step 6 Homework1. Read the passage in this section to better understand the passage.2. Carefully understand the hierarchical structure of the article, and deeply understand the plot of the story according to the causes, process and results;3. Independently complete the relevant exercises in the guide plan.1、通過(guò)本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生是否理解和掌握閱讀文本中的新詞匯的意義與用法;2、通過(guò)本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否通過(guò)人物言行的對(duì)比分析道德故事的深層內(nèi)涵;3、通過(guò)本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否根據(jù)故事的起因、經(jīng)過(guò)和結(jié)果來(lái)深入理解故事的情節(jié),從而了解文章的層次結(jié)構(gòu);4、結(jié)合現(xiàn)實(shí)生活案例發(fā)表自己的見(jiàn)解和看法,寫一篇觀點(diǎn)明確、層次分明的故事評(píng)論。

1.用CAI課件模擬汽車的啟動(dòng)過(guò)程。師生共同討論:①如果作用在物體上的力為恒力,且物體以勻速運(yùn)動(dòng),則力對(duì)物體做功的功率保持不變。此情況下,任意一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的平均功率與任一瞬時(shí)的瞬時(shí)功率都是相同的。②很多動(dòng)力機(jī)器通常有一個(gè)額定功率,且通常使其在額定功率狀態(tài)工作(如汽車),根據(jù)P=FV可知:當(dāng)路面阻力較小時(shí),牽引力也小,速度大,即汽車可以跑得快些;當(dāng)路面阻力較大,或爬坡時(shí),需要比較大的牽引力,速度必須小。這就是爬坡時(shí)汽車換低速擋的道理。③如果動(dòng)力機(jī)器在實(shí)際功率小于額定功率的條件下工作,例如汽車剛剛起動(dòng)后的一段時(shí)間內(nèi),速度逐漸增大過(guò)程中,牽引力仍可增大,即F和v可以同時(shí)增大,但是這一情況應(yīng)以二者乘積等于額定功率為限度,即當(dāng)實(shí)際功率大于額定功率以后,這種情況不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)。

(五)平拋運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律的應(yīng)用例1:一架老式飛機(jī)在高出海面45m的高處,以80m/s的速度水平飛行,為了使飛機(jī)上投下的炸彈落在停在海面上的敵船,應(yīng)該在與轟炸目標(biāo)的水平距離為多遠(yuǎn)的地方投彈?不計(jì)空氣阻力。分析:對(duì)于這道題我們可以從以下幾個(gè)方面來(lái)考慮:(1)從水平飛行的飛機(jī)上投下的炸彈,做什么運(yùn)動(dòng)?為什么?(2)炸彈的這種運(yùn)動(dòng)可分解為哪兩個(gè)什么樣的分運(yùn)動(dòng)?3)要想使炸彈投到指定的目標(biāo)處,你認(rèn)為炸彈落地前在水平方向通過(guò)的距離與投彈時(shí)飛機(jī)離目標(biāo)的水平距離之間有什么關(guān)系?拓展:1、式飛機(jī)在高出海面45m的高處,以80m/s的速度水平飛行,尾追一艘以15m/s逃逸的敵船,為了使飛機(jī)上投下的炸彈正好擊中敵船,應(yīng)該在與轟炸目標(biāo)的水平距離為多遠(yuǎn)的地方投彈?不計(jì)空氣阻力。2、在一次摩托車跨越壕溝的表演中,摩托車從壕溝的一側(cè)以速度v=40m/s沿水平方向向另一側(cè),壕溝兩側(cè)的高度及寬度如圖所示,摩托車可看做質(zhì)點(diǎn),不計(jì)空氣阻力。(1)判斷摩托車能否跨越壕溝?請(qǐng)計(jì)算說(shuō)明(2)若能跨過(guò),求落地速度?

3.進(jìn)一步體會(huì)力是產(chǎn)生加速度的原因,并通過(guò)牛頓第二定律來(lái)理解勻速圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)、變速圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)及一般曲線運(yùn)動(dòng)的各自特點(diǎn)。(三)、情感、態(tài)度與價(jià)值觀1.在實(shí)驗(yàn)中,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生動(dòng)手、探究的習(xí)慣。2.體會(huì)實(shí)驗(yàn)的意義,感受成功的快樂(lè),激發(fā)學(xué)生探究問(wèn)題的熱情、樂(lè)于學(xué)習(xí)的品質(zhì)。教學(xué)重點(diǎn)1.體會(huì)牛頓第二定律在向心力上的應(yīng)用。2.明確向心力的意義、作用、公式及其變形,并經(jīng)行計(jì)算。教學(xué)難點(diǎn)1.對(duì)向心力的理解及來(lái)源的尋找。2.運(yùn)用向心力、向心加速度的知識(shí)解決圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)問(wèn)題。教學(xué)過(guò)程(一)、 引入新課:復(fù)習(xí)提問(wèn):勻速圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)的物體的加速度——向心加速度,它的方向和大小有何特點(diǎn)呢?學(xué)生回答后進(jìn)一步引導(dǎo):那做勻速圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)物體的受力有什么特點(diǎn)呢?是什么力使物體做圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)而不沿直線飛出?請(qǐng)同學(xué)們先閱讀教材

一般情況下,凡是支持物對(duì)物體的支持力,都是支持物因發(fā)生形變而對(duì)物體產(chǎn)生彈力。所以支持力的方向總是垂直于支持面而指向被支持的物體。例1:放在水平桌面上的書書由于重力的作用而壓迫桌面,使書和桌面同時(shí)發(fā)生微小形變,要恢復(fù)原狀,對(duì)桌面產(chǎn)生垂直于桌面向下的彈力f1,這就是書對(duì)桌面的壓力;桌面由于發(fā)生微小的形變,對(duì)書產(chǎn)生垂直于書面向上的彈力f2,這就是桌面對(duì)書的支持力。學(xué)生分析:靜止地放在傾斜木板上的書,書對(duì)木板的壓力和木板對(duì)書的支持力。并畫出力的示意圖。結(jié)論:壓力、支持力都是彈力。壓力的方向總是垂直于支持面而指向被壓的物體,支持力的方向總是垂直于支持面而指向被支持的物體。引導(dǎo)學(xué)生分析靜止時(shí),懸繩對(duì)重物的拉力及方向。引導(dǎo)得出:懸掛物由于重力的作用而拉緊懸繩,使重物、懸繩同時(shí)發(fā)生微小的形變。重物由于發(fā)生微小的形變,對(duì)懸繩產(chǎn)生豎直向下的彈力f1,這是物對(duì)繩的拉力;懸繩由于發(fā)生微小形變,對(duì)物產(chǎn)生豎直向上的彈力f2,這就是繩對(duì)物體的拉力。

l.知識(shí)與技能:(1)知道摩擦力產(chǎn)生的條件。(2)能在簡(jiǎn)單問(wèn)題中,根據(jù)物體的運(yùn)動(dòng)狀態(tài),判斷靜摩擦力的有無(wú)、大小和方向;知道存在著最大靜摩擦力。(3)掌握動(dòng)磨擦因數(shù),會(huì)在具體問(wèn)題中計(jì)算滑動(dòng)磨擦力,掌握判定摩擦力方向的方法。(4)知道影響到摩擦因數(shù)的因素。2.過(guò)程與方法:通過(guò)觀察演示實(shí)驗(yàn),概括出摩擦力產(chǎn)生的條件及摩擦力的特點(diǎn),培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的觀察、概括能力。通過(guò)靜摩擦力與滑動(dòng)摩擦力的區(qū)別對(duì)比,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生分析綜合能力。3.情感態(tài)度價(jià)值觀:在分析物體所受摩擦力時(shí),突出主要矛盾,忽略次要因素及無(wú)關(guān)因素,總結(jié)出摩擦力產(chǎn)生的條件和規(guī)律。二、重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)分析1.本節(jié)課的內(nèi)容分滑動(dòng)摩擦力和靜摩擦力兩部分。重點(diǎn)是摩擦力產(chǎn)生的條件、特性和規(guī)律,通過(guò)演示實(shí)驗(yàn)得出關(guān)系f=μN(yùn)。2.難點(diǎn)是學(xué)生有初中的知識(shí),往往誤認(rèn)為壓力N的大小總是跟滑動(dòng)物體所受的重力相等,因此必須指出只有當(dāng)兩物體的接觸面垂直,物體在水平拉力作用下,沿水平面滑動(dòng)時(shí),壓力N的大小才跟物體所受的重力相等。

首先引導(dǎo)回顧細(xì)胞質(zhì)內(nèi)各個(gè)細(xì)胞器的分工協(xié)作、產(chǎn)生分泌蛋白的過(guò)程;同時(shí)思考:為什么這些細(xì)胞器可以這樣有條不紊的密切協(xié)作?這中間有沒(méi)有專門起協(xié)調(diào)和控制作用的部門?從而導(dǎo)入本節(jié)內(nèi)容。通過(guò)學(xué)生小組討論及師生共同分析“資料分析”中的4個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn),總結(jié)出細(xì)胞核的功能,即細(xì)胞核是遺傳信息庫(kù),控制細(xì)胞代謝和遺傳的功能。在此基礎(chǔ)上,向?qū)W生舉出克隆羊多莉的實(shí)例,加強(qiáng)理解。設(shè)問(wèn):那么細(xì)胞核為什么能成為細(xì)胞代謝和遺傳的控制中心?要弄清這個(gè)問(wèn)題,我們必須從細(xì)胞核的結(jié)構(gòu)中尋找答案,從而引出細(xì)胞的結(jié)構(gòu)。在這部分,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生思考以下幾個(gè)問(wèn)題:(1)細(xì)胞核能控制細(xì)胞的遺傳,說(shuō)明其應(yīng)該有什么物質(zhì)?(2)含有DNA的結(jié)構(gòu)如線粒體、葉綠體,它們的外面都有什么相同的結(jié)構(gòu)?(3)細(xì)胞核能控制細(xì)胞,肯定能與外界聯(lián)系,如何能辦到?(4)學(xué)習(xí)RNA的分布時(shí),RNA主要分布在細(xì)胞質(zhì),少量還分布在哪里呢?

一、說(shuō)教材的地位和作用《細(xì)胞中的元素和化合物》是人教版教材生物必修一第二章第1節(jié)內(nèi)容?!都?xì)胞中的元素和化合物》這一節(jié),首先在節(jié)的引言中,明確指出自然界的生物體中的元素是生物有選擇地從無(wú)機(jī)自然界中獲得的,沒(méi)有一種元素是細(xì)胞特有的。但細(xì)胞與非生物相比,各元素的含量又大不相同。說(shuō)明生物界與非生物界具有統(tǒng)一性和差異性。這部分內(nèi)容較為淺顯,但是結(jié)論非常重要,對(duì)于學(xué)生了解生物的物質(zhì)性具有重要意義二、說(shuō)教學(xué)目標(biāo)根據(jù)本教材的結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)容分析,結(jié)合著高一年級(jí)學(xué)生的認(rèn)知結(jié)構(gòu)及心理特征,我制定了以下的教學(xué)目標(biāo):1、知識(shí)目標(biāo):知道組成細(xì)胞的主要元素;知道為什么碳元素是構(gòu)成細(xì)胞的基本元素2、能力目標(biāo):學(xué)會(huì)檢測(cè)生物組織中的糖類、脂肪和蛋白質(zhì)的方法。(1)通過(guò)對(duì)C元素的分析,說(shuō)明有機(jī)化合物形成的可能性及必然性,初步培養(yǎng)學(xué)生跨學(xué)科綜合分析問(wèn)題的能力。(2)通過(guò)對(duì)組成細(xì)胞中的元素的百分比的分析,通過(guò)對(duì)不同化合物的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)的學(xué)習(xí),培養(yǎng)學(xué)生理解、思考和分析問(wèn)題的能力。

(一)教材的地位與作用本節(jié)描述地球所處的宇宙環(huán)境包括兩部分內(nèi)容,一是能在天體系統(tǒng)中確定地球所在位置,二是結(jié)合太陽(yáng)燃燒的穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)和大行星運(yùn)軌道特征,說(shuō)明地球存在生命的宇宙環(huán)境特征。這里需要補(bǔ)充太陽(yáng)大小長(zhǎng)期穩(wěn)定的燃燒保證地球表面長(zhǎng)期保持適宜的溫度,有利生命進(jìn)化;大小行星公轉(zhuǎn)各行其道,保證地球宇宙環(huán)境的安全。這兩點(diǎn)宜在討論地球是特殊的行星時(shí)補(bǔ)充。說(shuō)明地球是太陽(yáng)系中一顆既普通又特殊的行星要通過(guò) 3引導(dǎo)學(xué)生從圖文資料中找出地球與其他行星在運(yùn)動(dòng)特征和結(jié)構(gòu)特征上的共性以及軌道位置和自身?xiàng)l件上的特性。運(yùn)動(dòng)特征共性包括同向性、共面性和近圓性;結(jié)構(gòu)特征主要是通過(guò)與類地行星比較得出地球在質(zhì)量和體積方面不具特殊性。地球上存在生命主要是因?yàn)槿盏鼐嚯x適中,所以有適合的溫度;因?yàn)榈厍蛸|(zhì)量和體積適中,所以能吸引住大氣形成厚度、壓力適合的大氣層;因?yàn)榈厍虼嬖趲r漿活動(dòng),所以有地球內(nèi)部氫氧分異化合的水汽溢出形成海洋。

(三)反饋練習(xí)(5分鐘)1、伽利略研究速度與時(shí)間的關(guān)系時(shí)遇到那些困難?他是怎樣巧妙解決的?2、給出5分鐘讓學(xué)生閱讀課后的閱讀材料,體會(huì)伽利略一生中對(duì)科學(xué)和社會(huì)的重大貢獻(xiàn)。(四)課堂小結(jié):教師將本節(jié)的學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)投影到大屏幕上,和學(xué)生一起簡(jiǎn)單的總結(jié)。(五)課后作業(yè)1、利用現(xiàn)代的測(cè)量?jī)x器設(shè)計(jì)出一個(gè)研究自由落體運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律的實(shí)驗(yàn),寫出需要的器材和實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)程。2、請(qǐng)學(xué)生再總結(jié)出一些科學(xué)研究中常用的思路和方法。通過(guò)這兩個(gè)作業(yè),進(jìn)一步提高學(xué)生的科學(xué)研究的意識(shí)和素質(zhì)。本設(shè)計(jì)所涉及到的科學(xué)研究方法:1、歸繆法——伽利略用亞里士多德的觀點(diǎn)推翻了翻亞里士多德的觀點(diǎn)。2、轉(zhuǎn)換法——伽利略用數(shù)學(xué)推理和斜面實(shí)驗(yàn)間接證明他的假設(shè)。3、邏輯推理法——用數(shù)學(xué)方法推理出速度正比于時(shí)間則位移與時(shí)間二次方成正比。4、外推法——由斜面實(shí)驗(yàn)外推至自由落體運(yùn)動(dòng)運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律

1789年法國(guó)大革命后,共和派與君主派之間進(jìn)行了長(zhǎng)期反復(fù)的斗爭(zhēng),直到1875年法蘭西第三共和國(guó)憲法通過(guò)才最終確立了共和政體,它為法國(guó)資本主義的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展奠定了基礎(chǔ)。專制色彩濃厚的普魯士通過(guò)王朝戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)這種自上而下的形式,完成了德國(guó)的統(tǒng)一。1871年德意志帝國(guó)憲法頒布,德國(guó)君主立憲政體確立,保留了濃厚的專制殘余和軍國(guó)主義傳統(tǒng)。但資產(chǎn)階級(jí)代議制的建立使德國(guó)的資本主義工業(yè)迅速發(fā)展起來(lái),19世紀(jì)末躋身到世界強(qiáng)國(guó)行列。資本主義政治制度擴(kuò)展到了歐洲大陸,隨著這兩個(gè)國(guó)家資本主義政治制度的確立,近代西方主要資本主義政治制度得以最終確立。四、板書一、法國(guó)共和政體確立的艱難歷程1、艱難 (1)表現(xiàn) (2)原因2、確立標(biāo)志:法蘭西第三共和國(guó)憲法
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