
問(wèn):為什么會(huì)出現(xiàn)這樣的情況,男女生之間的拉力存在著怎樣的大小關(guān)系?進(jìn)一步求證這兩個(gè)力的大小關(guān)系經(jīng)過(guò)共同討論,得方案:把兩個(gè)彈簧秤勾在一起,重現(xiàn)拔河比賽,分三種情況進(jìn)行。(通過(guò)攝像頭把彈簧秤的讀數(shù)放大)兩彈簧稱勾在一起拉,處于靜止不動(dòng)時(shí)(即拔河比賽,雙方處于僵持狀態(tài))兩彈簧稱勾在一起拉,并向一方運(yùn)動(dòng)(即比賽繩子被拉向一方時(shí)的狀態(tài))3、兩彈簧稱勾在一起拉,一方方向慢慢改變(兩力方向始終在一條直線上)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)論:兩彈簧稱的讀數(shù)的變化總是相同的,大小相等,方向相反。得到牛頓第三定律:追問(wèn):既然兩個(gè)力大小相等,那么拔河比賽為什么還存在勝負(fù)之分?講清作用力與反作用力作用的受力物體不同,并和學(xué)生討論如何做才會(huì)獲勝。回應(yīng)課前問(wèn)題:“以卵擊石”為什么雞蛋碎?

進(jìn)一步引導(dǎo)學(xué)生思考利用數(shù)學(xué)知識(shí)可寫成等式F=kma學(xué)生很自然就會(huì)思考比列系數(shù)K應(yīng)該是多少?通過(guò)教師引導(dǎo)學(xué)生舉例各國(guó)長(zhǎng)度單位不同(如英國(guó):英里、碼、英尺、英寸;中國(guó):市里、市丈、市尺、市寸、市分 )導(dǎo)致交流不便。為了適應(yīng)各國(guó)交流需要國(guó)際計(jì)量局規(guī)定了一套統(tǒng)一的單位,稱為國(guó)際單位制 。取不同的單位制K是不同的,為了簡(jiǎn)潔方便,在選取了質(zhì)量和加速度的國(guó)際單位(Kg, m/s2)時(shí)規(guī)定K=1。那么就有;F=ma為了紀(jì)念牛頓,就把能使1kg物體獲得1m/s2加速度的力稱做一牛頓,用符號(hào)N表示問(wèn)題:實(shí)際物體受力往往不止一個(gè),多個(gè)力情況應(yīng)該怎么辦呢?平行四邊形法則進(jìn)一步引導(dǎo)學(xué)生得出牛頓第二定律更一般的表達(dá)式: F合=ma思考.討論我們用力提一個(gè)很重的箱子,卻提不動(dòng)它。這個(gè)力產(chǎn)生了加速度嗎?要是產(chǎn)生了,箱子的運(yùn)動(dòng)狀態(tài)卻并沒(méi)有改變。為什么?

研究一種物理現(xiàn)象,總是要先從現(xiàn)象的描述入手。機(jī)械運(yùn)動(dòng)作為自然界最簡(jiǎn)單和最基本的運(yùn)動(dòng)形態(tài),它所描述的是物體空間位置隨時(shí)間變化的情況。因此,本節(jié)學(xué)習(xí)描述質(zhì)點(diǎn)做機(jī)械運(yùn)動(dòng)需要時(shí)刻、時(shí)間間隔和位移等概念。相當(dāng)一部分高一學(xué)生在具體過(guò)程中難以區(qū)別時(shí)刻和時(shí)間間隔。另外,由于思維的定式,在第一次接觸既要考慮大小又要考慮方向的問(wèn)題時(shí),會(huì)因不適應(yīng)造成學(xué)習(xí)困難。所以,區(qū)別“路程與位移”“時(shí)刻和時(shí)間間隔”是教學(xué)的重難點(diǎn)所在。學(xué)習(xí)這些內(nèi)容的過(guò)程與方法對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)速度和加速度可以起到奠定基礎(chǔ)的作用。教學(xué)的對(duì)象是高一的學(xué)生,這一時(shí)期的學(xué)生處在好奇善問(wèn)、創(chuàng)新意識(shí)強(qiáng)烈的青少年期。對(duì)于生活中出現(xiàn)的各種現(xiàn)象具有濃厚的興趣。但他們的思維還停留在簡(jiǎn)單的代數(shù)運(yùn)算階段,對(duì)于矢量和矢量運(yùn)算的理性認(rèn)識(shí)幾乎沒(méi)有。且對(duì)生活中出現(xiàn)的時(shí)間、時(shí)刻、時(shí)間間隔等不能做出很好的區(qū)分,對(duì)時(shí)常提及的路程、距離等形成了模糊的前概念。

學(xué)生回答的方法多樣,讓各小組根據(jù)自己討論出來(lái)的方法對(duì)自己實(shí)驗(yàn)出來(lái)的紙帶進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)處理,并求出加速度,并且將多條紙帶都進(jìn)行處理,同時(shí)提醒學(xué)生對(duì)紙帶的選擇。接著,我會(huì)用多媒體展示重物下落實(shí)驗(yàn)打出來(lái)的紙帶,用表格列出一段紙帶上各點(diǎn)的瞬時(shí)速度,準(zhǔn)確畫出v-t圖像,求出加速度,將結(jié)果給予學(xué)生的結(jié)果作對(duì)比,確定出正確結(jié)論。最后讓學(xué)生分析總結(jié):自由落體運(yùn)動(dòng)是初速度為零的勻加速直線運(yùn)動(dòng),而且,多條紙帶算出來(lái)的加速度的數(shù)值都接近相等,即加速度在實(shí)驗(yàn)誤差允許范圍內(nèi)是相等的。引出重力加速度,介紹概念、方向及大小。(強(qiáng)調(diào)“同一地點(diǎn)”,讓學(xué)生閱讀教材中一些地點(diǎn)的重力加速度,可以了解重力加速度的大小與緯度有關(guān),緯度越大加速度越大)。學(xué)習(xí)了重力加速度后讓學(xué)生根據(jù)之前學(xué)習(xí)的勻變速直線運(yùn)動(dòng)公式推導(dǎo)出自由落體的運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律。設(shè)計(jì)意圖:讓學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中的主體地位和自主觀能動(dòng)性得到充分發(fā)揮,取長(zhǎng)補(bǔ)短,培養(yǎng)了學(xué)生的實(shí)驗(yàn)操作能力,又使學(xué)生對(duì)自由落體運(yùn)動(dòng)的性質(zhì)有深刻的印象,從而解決了本節(jié)課第二個(gè)難點(diǎn)。

一、說(shuō)教材《質(zhì)點(diǎn) 參考系和坐標(biāo)系》是人教版普通高中物理必修一第一章第一課的內(nèi)容。本節(jié)課主要介紹了質(zhì)點(diǎn)、參考系、坐標(biāo)系的基本概念。通過(guò)本節(jié)課的學(xué)習(xí)為進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)后續(xù)課程起到了鋪墊的作用。根據(jù)上述教材的結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)容分析,又考慮到高一年級(jí)學(xué)生的認(rèn)知結(jié)構(gòu)及其心理特征,我制定了以下三維教學(xué)目標(biāo):1、知識(shí)與技能:知道質(zhì)點(diǎn)的概念及條件;知道參考系的概念及作用;掌握坐標(biāo)系的簡(jiǎn)單應(yīng)用。2、過(guò)程與方法:促進(jìn)學(xué)生自主學(xué)習(xí),讓學(xué)生積極參與、樂(lè)于探究、勇于實(shí)驗(yàn)、勤于思考,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的科學(xué)探究能力。3、情感態(tài)度與價(jià)值觀:通過(guò)質(zhì)點(diǎn) 參考系和坐標(biāo)系的學(xué)習(xí),使學(xué)生了解生活與物理的關(guān)系,讓學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)用科學(xué)的思維去看待事物。根據(jù)普通高中物理課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn),并在吃透教材的基礎(chǔ)上,我確定了以下教學(xué)重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn):教學(xué)重點(diǎn):質(zhì)點(diǎn)概念的建立。只有掌握了這一點(diǎn)才能更加準(zhǔn)確的理解和掌握后續(xù)教材的相關(guān)內(nèi)容。

d.某物體沿直線向東運(yùn)動(dòng),原來(lái)的速度是5m/s,2s后速度減小到3m/s,求2s內(nèi)物體速度變化。④如何探究物體作勻速圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí),在Δt時(shí)間內(nèi)的速度變化?分析:有了同一直線上速度變化的鋪墊后,討論物體做勻速圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)速度的變化就比較自然了,為了給向心加速度方向的學(xué)習(xí)打好基礎(chǔ),可以通過(guò)小組協(xié)作,進(jìn)一步完成下列思考題,使同學(xué)們認(rèn)識(shí)到:時(shí)間間隔起短,速度變化的方向起接近半徑方向。(多媒體屏幕投影)a.物體沿半徑為1m的軌道做勻速圓周運(yùn)動(dòng),線速度大小為,求1s內(nèi)物體速度變化并畫出1s內(nèi)速度變化的示意圖。b.分別求出上題中物體在0.5s、0.25s內(nèi)速度變化并畫出相應(yīng)的示意圖。由于沒(méi)有辦法直接利用實(shí)驗(yàn)來(lái)驗(yàn)證速度變化的方向,所以,我們采用提供思考題的方法,引導(dǎo)同學(xué)在合作學(xué)習(xí)、自主探究中完成。有了速度變化的研究為鋪墊,加速度的方向問(wèn)題就迎刃而解了。

設(shè)計(jì)意圖:通過(guò)設(shè)疑、討論及學(xué)生的親身體驗(yàn)與教師的引導(dǎo),得到描述圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)快慢的兩個(gè)物理量,也就成功的打破了學(xué)生在認(rèn)識(shí)上的思維障礙,突破了物理概念教學(xué)的難點(diǎn)。在解決線速度和角速度的問(wèn)題之后,我將引領(lǐng)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)勻速圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)的概念以及勻速圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)中線速度、角速度的特點(diǎn)。并引出勻速圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)中周期、轉(zhuǎn)速的知識(shí)。為了加深學(xué)生對(duì)線速度、角速度與半徑關(guān)系的認(rèn)識(shí),我設(shè)計(jì)了第三個(gè)學(xué)生體驗(yàn)活動(dòng):四名學(xué)生以我為圓心做圓周運(yùn)動(dòng),四名學(xué)生始終并列,這時(shí)里圈同學(xué)走動(dòng)不急不慢,而外圈同學(xué)則要小跑。通過(guò)學(xué)生的活動(dòng),不難發(fā)現(xiàn)在角速度相同的情況下,半徑越大的線速度也越大。定性的得到了線速度、角速度與半徑的關(guān)系。接下來(lái)讓學(xué)生利用所學(xué)知識(shí)推導(dǎo)線速度、角速度與半徑的關(guān)系。設(shè)計(jì)意圖:這樣就通過(guò)設(shè)疑、學(xué)生猜想、體驗(yàn)、推導(dǎo)的方式得到了結(jié)論,突破了本節(jié)課的難點(diǎn)即線速度、角速度與半徑的關(guān)系。

1. Ss look at the picture and scan the passage to understand the main idea while teacher is giving the following questions to inspire Ss to think.*Where are those people?*What are they doing?*Why are they so excited?2. Ss complete the passage with the appropriate -ing form. Then discuss and check the answers with class.Answers: boring, interesting, taking, exciting, amazing3. The teacher raises questions for the students to discuss and encourages them to express their opinions.*Do you like La Tomatina? Why or why not?4. Each group representative reports the discussion result, the teacher gives feedback and the evaluation.Step 6 PracticeActivity 41. Ss complete the Ex 2 in Using structures.2. Check the answers after finishing the exercises.①The dragon boat races are the most exciting part of the Dragon Boat Festival.② The children were excited to go Easter egg hunting.③What an amazing performance! This is the best music festival I have ever been to.④We were amazed by her funny-looking hat.⑤His inspiring speech at the conference won the admiration/ favour of the audience.⑥This is a challenging game to test your memory and observation capabilities. 3. T asks Ss to finish Ex 3 and 4 in Using structures by themselves, then check the answers with class.Step 6 Homework1. Understand and master the functions and usage of the -ing form;2. Finish the other exercises in Using structures.1、通過(guò)本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生是否理解和掌握動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)的功能和意義;2、通過(guò)本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否在理解文段內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上,根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境和表達(dá)邏輯,能正確運(yùn)用動(dòng)詞-ing形式描述節(jié)日慶典。3、通過(guò)本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生是否歸納和積累用于表達(dá)情緒的相關(guān)詞匯。

(2)Consolidate key vocabulary.Ask the students to complete the exercises of activity 6 by themselves. Then ask them to check the answers with their partners.(The first language:Damage of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and fire.A second language: Yunnan - one of the most diverse provinces in China).Step 5 Language points1. The teacher asks the students to read the text carefully, find out the more words and long and difficult sentences in the text and draw lines, understand the use of vocabulary, and analyze the structure of long and difficult sentences.2. The teacher explains and summarizes the usage of core vocabulary and asks the students to take notes.3. The teacher analyzes and explains the long and difficult sentences that the students don't understand, so that the students can understand them better.Step 6 Homework1. Read the text again, in-depth understanding of the text;2. Master the use of core vocabulary and understand the long and difficult sentences.3. Complete relevant exercises in the guide plan.1、通過(guò)本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生是否理解和掌握閱讀文本中的新詞匯的意義與用法;2、通過(guò)本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否結(jié)合文本特點(diǎn)了解文章的結(jié)構(gòu)和作者的寫作邏輯;3、通過(guò)本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否了解舊金山的城市風(fēng)貌、文化特色,以及加利福尼亞州的歷史,體會(huì)多元文化對(duì)美國(guó)的影響。

本板塊的活動(dòng)主題是“談?wù)摴?jié)日活動(dòng)”(Talk about festival activities),主要是從貼近學(xué)生日常生活的角度來(lái)切入“節(jié)日”主題。學(xué)生會(huì)聽(tīng)到發(fā)生在三個(gè)國(guó)家不同節(jié)日?qǐng)鼍跋碌暮?jiǎn)短對(duì)話,對(duì)話中的人們正在參與或?qū)⒁H歷不同的慶?;顒?dòng)。隨著全球化的進(jìn)程加速,國(guó)際交流日益頻繁,無(wú)論是國(guó)人走出國(guó)門還是外國(guó)友人訪問(wèn)中國(guó),都已成為司空見(jiàn)慣的事情。因此,該板塊所選取的三個(gè)典型節(jié)日?qǐng)鼍岸际菍儆诳缥幕浑H語(yǔ)境,不僅每組對(duì)話中的人物來(lái)自不同的文化背景,對(duì)話者的身份和關(guān)系也不盡相同。1. Master the new words related to holiday: the lantern, Carnival, costume, dress(sb)up, march, congratulation, congratulate, riddle, ceremony, samba, make - up, after all. 2. To understand the origin of major world festivals and the activities held to celebrate them and the significance of these activities;3. Improve listening comprehension and oral expression of the topic by listening and talking about traditional festivals around the world;4. Improve my understanding of the topic by watching pictures and videos about different traditional festivals around the world;5. Review the common assimilation phenomenon in English phonetics, can distinguish the assimilated phonemes in the natural language flow, and consciously use the assimilation skill in oral expression. Importance:1. Guide students to pay attention to the attitude of the speaker in the process of listening, and identify the relationship between the characters;2. Inspire students to use topic words to describe the festival activities based on their background knowledge. Difficulties:In the process of listening to the correct understanding of the speaker's attitude, accurately identify the relationship between the characters.

*wide range of origins(= a great number of different origins, many kinds of origins)*It featured a parade and a great feast with music, dancing, and sports. (=A parade and a great feast with music, dancing, and sports were included as important parts of the Egyptian harvest festival.)*.. some traditions may fade away and others may be established.(= Some traditions may disappear gradually, while other new traditions may come into being.)Step 6 Practice(1) Listen and follow the tape.The teacher may remind the students to pay attention to the meaning and usage of the black words in the context, so as to prepare for the completion of the blanks in activity 5 and vocabulary exercises in the exercise book.(2) Students complete the text of activity 5 by themselves.The teacher needs to remind the students to fill in the blanks with the correct form of the vocabulary they have learned in the text.Students exchange their answers with their partners, and then teachers and students check their answers.(3)Finish the Ex in Activity 5 of students’ book.Step 7 Homework1. Read the text again, in-depth understanding of the text;2. Discuss the origin of festivals, the historical changes of related customs, the influence of commercial society on festivals and the connotation and essential meaning of festivals.3. Complete relevant exercises in the guide plan.1、通過(guò)本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生是否理解和掌握閱讀文本中的新詞匯的意義與用法;2、通過(guò)本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否結(jié)合文本特點(diǎn)快速而準(zhǔn)確地找到主題句;3、通過(guò)本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否理清論說(shuō)文的語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)和文本邏輯,了解節(jié)日風(fēng)俗發(fā)展與變遷,感悟節(jié)日的內(nèi)涵與意義。

The price is the same as(the price was)before the war.價(jià)格與戰(zhàn)前相同。(4)定語(yǔ)從句中的“關(guān)系代詞+助動(dòng)詞be”可以省略。The ticket(that/which was)booked by his sister has been sent to him.他妹妹訂的那張票已送到了他那里。Step 5 PracticeActivity 3(1) Guide students to complete the four activities in the Using Structures part of exercise book, in which activities 1 and 2 focus on ellipsis in dialogue answers, activity 3 focus on signs and headlines, two typical situations where ellipsis is used, and activity 4 focus on ellipsis in diary, an informal style.(2) Combine the examples in the above activities, ask students to summarize the omitted situations in groups, and make their own summary into a poster, and post it on the class wall after class to share with the class.(This step should give full play to the subjectivity of students, and teachers should encourage students to conclude different ellipsis phenomena according to their own understanding, they can conclude according to the different parts omitted in the sentence.)Step 6 Homework1. Understand and master the usages of ellipsis;2. Finish the other exercises in Using structures of Workbook.1、通過(guò)本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生是否理解和掌握省略的用法;2、通過(guò)本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境或情景恢復(fù)句子中省略的成分,體會(huì)使用省略的效果;3、通過(guò)本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否獨(dú)立完成練習(xí)冊(cè)和導(dǎo)學(xué)案中的相關(guān)練習(xí)。

該板塊的活動(dòng)主題是“介紹一個(gè)有顯著文化特征的地方”( Describe a place with distinctive cultural identity)。該板塊通過(guò)介紹中國(guó)城繼續(xù)聚焦中國(guó)文化。本單元主題圖呈現(xiàn)的是舊金山中國(guó)城的典型景象, Reading and Thinking部分也提到中國(guó)城,為該板塊作鋪墊。介紹中國(guó)城的目的主要是體現(xiàn)中國(guó)文化與美國(guó)多元文化的關(guān)系,它是美國(guó)多元文化的重要組成部分。中國(guó)城也是海外華人的精神家園和傳播中國(guó)文化的重要窗口,外國(guó)人在中國(guó)城能近距離體驗(yàn)中國(guó)文化。1. Read the text to understand the cultural characteristics of Chinatown in San Francisco and the relationship between Chinese culture and American multiculturalism;2. Through reading, learn to comb the main information of the article, understand the author's writing purpose and writing characteristics;3. Learn to give a comprehensive, accurate, and organized description of the city or town you live in;Learn to revise and evaluate your writing.Importance:1. Guide the students to read the introduction of Chinatown in San Francisco and grasp its writing characteristics;2. Guide students to introduce their city or town in a comprehensive, accurate and organized way;3. Learn to comb the main information of the article, understand the author's writing purpose, and master the core vocabulary.

Activity 81.Grasp the main idea of the listening.Listen to the tape and answer the following questions:Who are the two speakers in the listening? What is their relationship?What is the main idea of the first part of the listening? How about the second part?2.Complete the passage.Ask the students to quickly review the summaries of the two listening materials in activity 2. Then play the recording for the second time.Ask them to complete the passage and fill in the blanks.3.Play the recording again and ask the students to use the structure diagram to comb the information structure in the listening.(While listening, take notes. Capture key information quickly and accurately.)Step 8 Talking Activity 91.Focus on the listening text.Listen to the students and listen to the tape. Let them understand the attitudes of Wu Yue and Justin in the conversation.How does Wu Yue feel about Chinese minority cultures?What does Justin think of the Miao and Dong cultures?How do you know that?2.learn functional items that express concerns.Ask students to focus on the expressions listed in activity. 3.And try to analyze the meaning they convey, including praise (Super!).Agree (Exactly!)"(You're kidding.!)Tell me more about it. Tell me more about it.For example, "Yeah Sure." "Definitely!" "Certainly!" "No kidding!" "No wonder!" and so on.4.Ask the students to have conversations in small groups, acting as Jsim and his friends.Justin shares his travels in Guizhou with friends and his thoughts;Justin's friends should give appropriate feedback, express their interest in relevant information, and ask for information when necessary.In order to enrich the dialogue, teachers can expand and supplement the introduction of Miao, dong, Lusheng and Dong Dage.After the group practice, the teacher can choose several groups of students to show, and let the rest of the students listen carefully, after listening to the best performance of the group, and give at least two reasons.

3.甲午中日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中國(guó)戰(zhàn)敗的原因 對(duì)于“中國(guó)戰(zhàn)敗的原因”這一難點(diǎn)的突破,主要通過(guò)設(shè)置問(wèn)題“中國(guó)之?dāng)≡趯?shí)力遜于日本嗎?”通過(guò)幻燈片全方位分析其實(shí)中國(guó)的綜合國(guó)力當(dāng)時(shí)是強(qiáng)于日本的。并且在戰(zhàn)前,日本毫無(wú)取勝的把握。讓學(xué)生結(jié)合剛學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)原因和經(jīng)過(guò)進(jìn)行討論,從多方面分析中國(guó)戰(zhàn)敗的原因。經(jīng)過(guò)討論,學(xué)生可以得出以下結(jié)論:避戰(zhàn)自保方針,沒(méi)有積極備戰(zhàn),將領(lǐng)臨陣脫逃,教師肯定并總結(jié)答案進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充。中日對(duì)比:中國(guó)士兵出身農(nóng)民,軍事訓(xùn)練落后,散兵游勇;日本士兵出身武士,訓(xùn)練有素;中國(guó)將領(lǐng)大多臨陣脫逃,并相互猜忌,受當(dāng)時(shí)惡劣的官風(fēng)影響;李鴻章深知北洋海軍實(shí)情,缺乏軍費(fèi),軍備廢弛。為政治資本奉行避戰(zhàn)自保政策,慈禧太后挪用海軍軍費(fèi)過(guò)壽,支持李鴻章。使中方處于被動(dòng)的局面,一再貽誤戰(zhàn)機(jī)。而日本在天皇的帶動(dòng)下,全民備戰(zhàn),做了充分的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)準(zhǔn)備。

4、學(xué)習(xí)全詞:(1)背景介紹,讓學(xué)生看課文中的年代,然后讓學(xué)生回憶1925年的毛澤東的情況,老師適當(dāng)提示,讓學(xué)生了解其背景。(出示幻燈片)(2)學(xué)生自由朗讀,結(jié)合注釋和背景理解詩(shī)詞。(3)師生共同理解全詞①先讓學(xué)生齊讀前三句,思考正確的語(yǔ)序,并用正常的語(yǔ)序解釋。②品味第三到第十句,這里是教學(xué)的一個(gè)重點(diǎn),要讓學(xué)生先讀,再理解,在此基礎(chǔ)上訓(xùn)練學(xué)生的想象能力。③分析上闕中的最后三句。④小結(jié)上闕。提出了一個(gè)問(wèn)題“誰(shuí)主沉浮”讓學(xué)生在文中找內(nèi)容回答,然后轉(zhuǎn)入下闕內(nèi)容的分析。⑤分析下闕內(nèi)容,回答“誰(shuí)主沉浮”的問(wèn)題,突出本文主旨5、描繪詩(shī)詞形象:學(xué)生用自己的語(yǔ)言把上闕的內(nèi)容生動(dòng)地描繪出來(lái)。6、欣賞學(xué)生優(yōu)秀作品。(根據(jù)時(shí)間具體而定,也可以作為課后作業(yè))

3、拓展延伸,啟迪心智,創(chuàng)設(shè)課堂訓(xùn)練營(yíng)。三、說(shuō)學(xué)法1、紙上得來(lái)終覺(jué)淺,圈點(diǎn)、勾畫、批注法,學(xué)好文言基本功。2、自主合作加探究,眼耳口腦手并用,破疑解難在其中。四、說(shuō)課時(shí)安排《鴻門宴》篇幅較長(zhǎng),文言知識(shí)較豐富,文章內(nèi)涵豐厚,因此我設(shè)計(jì)用五課時(shí)教學(xué)本文。第一課時(shí):了解作家作品,積累文言知識(shí),感受作者隱忍發(fā)憤的著書精神(初讀)第二課時(shí):理清故事情節(jié),概括人物形象,學(xué)習(xí)客觀地評(píng)論歷史人物,(熟讀)第三課時(shí):進(jìn)一步梳理文言知識(shí),精讀課文,要求讀透。(精讀)第四課時(shí):通過(guò)對(duì)人物、事件的賞析,加深學(xué)生對(duì)人物的理解,鍛煉學(xué)生的開(kāi)放性思維,由學(xué)生自主認(rèn)識(shí)到人物的性格,悲劇的原因等問(wèn)題。(賞讀)第五課時(shí):補(bǔ)充課本教學(xué)內(nèi)容:同學(xué)生一起閱讀古今關(guān)于劉邦項(xiàng)羽的一些篇章:讓學(xué)生投入進(jìn)來(lái),把握自己眼中的項(xiàng)羽。(展讀)在文言文學(xué)習(xí)的過(guò)程中,采取五步學(xué)習(xí)法:初讀-熟讀-精讀-賞讀-展讀(板書)

三、文本中的句子解決完畢,大家對(duì)文本內(nèi)容的理解更加深入了。請(qǐng)速度文本,思考:《論語(yǔ)》具體涉及了哪些方面的內(nèi)容,體現(xiàn)了孔子什么觀點(diǎn)?明確:主要有治學(xué)、從政、修身養(yǎng)性和交友治道等方面,體現(xiàn)了孔子“克己復(fù)禮”的思想。四、 教師引導(dǎo)學(xué)生討論: 如何評(píng)價(jià)孔子的言行和觀點(diǎn)?從古至今人們對(duì)孔子有哪些評(píng)價(jià)?明確:1、春秋戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)代, 孔子門人及其后學(xué)者均推尊孔子。門人中以子貢為代表,他對(duì)孔子贊美備至,奉如天人,把孔子比擬為高天、日月、木鐸,凡人是永遠(yuǎn)不可企及的,認(rèn)為孔子是天生的圣人,“仰之彌高,鉆之彌堅(jiān)”。亞圣孟子認(rèn)為孔子所行的“圣人之道”是遍及自然界和社會(huì)的至高準(zhǔn)則。然而當(dāng)時(shí)民間一般看法認(rèn)為孔子是博學(xué)成名的大學(xué)者。

我以以《登高》為例,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生進(jìn)行意象分析,感悟意境美。古人云“立象以盡意”“古詩(shī)之妙,專求意象”意象是詩(shī)人情感的載體,是詩(shī)歌的靈魂。引導(dǎo)學(xué)生張開(kāi)聯(lián)想和想象的翅膀去感受,去體驗(yàn)是意象,詩(shī)歌鑒賞的關(guān)鍵。科林伍德說(shuō)“真正藝術(shù)的作品,不是看見(jiàn)的,也不是聽(tīng)到的,而是想象中的某種東西?!痹?shī)人通過(guò)想象創(chuàng)造出詩(shī)的形象,我們讀者通過(guò)想象豐富地再現(xiàn)詩(shī)人創(chuàng)造的形象。而感受體驗(yàn)則是以全部身心投入作品,心靈與心靈相溝通,感情與感情相交流,對(duì)詩(shī)人的想象活動(dòng)進(jìn)行再經(jīng)歷和再體驗(yàn)。因此,在引導(dǎo)意象解讀中,我先讓學(xué)生點(diǎn)擊這一個(gè),就是通過(guò)抓修飾詞、依據(jù)感情基調(diào)、展開(kāi)想象具體分析本詩(shī)中每個(gè)意象的情感意蘊(yùn)和審美意蘊(yùn),使學(xué)生明白意象在每首詩(shī)中的獨(dú)特性。

本文篇幅較長(zhǎng),并且有一字句不易理解,因而對(duì)高一學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)完全讀懂內(nèi)容有一些困難。這樣的話,老師就要做好引導(dǎo)工作,把一些難點(diǎn),或是出現(xiàn)詞類活用比較多,局勢(shì)比較特殊的句子,老師可以先給學(xué)生畫出來(lái),存疑,或是與同學(xué)們一起討論解決。對(duì)那些不易懂的字詞就引導(dǎo)學(xué)生聯(lián)系上下文提供的語(yǔ)境、前后涉及的情節(jié)加以推測(cè)、判斷,以培養(yǎng)學(xué)生依據(jù)文脈推斷詞義的好方法。要求學(xué)生點(diǎn)出重點(diǎn)實(shí)詞、框出通假字,主要是為幫助學(xué)生積累和掌握一些文言文中常見(jiàn)的一詞多義、異讀現(xiàn)象、古今異義和通假現(xiàn)象的詞語(yǔ),并進(jìn)一步得出規(guī)律,指導(dǎo)今后的文言文學(xué)習(xí)。詞類活用和特殊句式在文言文翻譯中難度較大,也是本文教學(xué)的兩大難點(diǎn)。要求學(xué)生標(biāo)出有活用現(xiàn)象的字和劃出句式特殊的句子,是基于兩點(diǎn)考慮:1、積累一定數(shù)量的第一手例句;2、引導(dǎo)學(xué)生加以分類,找出每類的相同特征,并抽取出來(lái)形成規(guī)律性的東西,從而上升到理性認(rèn)識(shí),使學(xué)生能由學(xué)會(huì)一個(gè)到會(huì)學(xué)多個(gè)。翻譯過(guò)程中注重指導(dǎo)學(xué)生養(yǎng)成用符號(hào)法表示重點(diǎn)字句的好習(xí)慣,如點(diǎn)、框、圈、劃線等符號(hào)應(yīng)約定一致,便于突出翻譯中的重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)及復(fù)習(xí)。我的提示著重歸納了實(shí)詞“制”“亡”“遺”“利”等,名詞活用、形容詞活用、使動(dòng)用法,被動(dòng)句、狀語(yǔ)后置句。
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