
四、穩(wěn)態(tài)的重要意義 為什么內環(huán)境穩(wěn)態(tài)失調后,會對機體造成危害?引導學生從細胞代謝需要的物質和條件進行分析,最后總結出:內環(huán)境穩(wěn)態(tài)是機體進行正常生命活動的必要條件。如何預防內環(huán)境穩(wěn)態(tài)失調、保持機體健康?引導學生從外界環(huán)境和機體自身調節(jié)能力兩個方面去思考。即通過加強自我保健,減少外界環(huán)境變化對機體的不良影響,同時增強機體的調節(jié)能力以適應多變的外界環(huán)境。具體如何做?學生討論,總結。1.保護我們的生存環(huán)境,防治環(huán)境污染。2.加強體育鍛煉,增強體質,提高機體適應外界環(huán)境的能力。3.加強自我保健,為機體保持健康創(chuàng)造有利條件。尤其是處于比較惡劣的工作環(huán)境中的人,更應注意自身保健,如邊防戰(zhàn)士注意保暖、煉鋼工人注意降溫、抗洪戰(zhàn)士注意補充水鹽等。了解這些知識后才能懂得如何關愛自身和他人。

3、總結(這部分要5分鐘)學生在教師的提示和問題的引導下,完成對本節(jié)課的知識的歸納和小結。利用簡煉、清晰的語言,再一次的突出本節(jié)課的重點,起到畫龍點睛的作用,培養(yǎng)了學生的表達能力。4、鞏固練習(這部分要10分鐘)用大屏幕投影把題目投影在屏幕上,讓學生思考,然后回答。這部分安排10分鐘的時間,讓學生思考完成具有針對性的練習,進行知識鞏固和教學效果反饋,及時糾正錯誤的理解和片面的認識。5、板書設計在板書中,我根據板書的“規(guī)范、工整和美觀”的要求,結合所學的內容,設計了如圖所示的板書。在其中,注重了重、難點的突出,使學生對知識的結構、層次、重點、難點一目了然,便于記憶和理解。四、效果分析對于反射的判斷,學生仍有可能出現錯誤,如刺激坐骨神經肌肉的收縮,教師應強調沒有完整的反射弧結構參與的不是反射。

5、歸納小結,當堂演練(10分鐘)1、肉食動物不可能是一條食物鏈中的第幾營養(yǎng)級()A.第五B.第二C.第三D.第四2、對水稻→鼠→蛇→鷹這條食物鏈的錯誤描述是()A.水稻是生產者B.鼠是初級消費者C.蛇是次級消費者D.鷹屬于第三營養(yǎng)級3、在下列生物中,屬于分解的是()A.藍藻B.草履蟲C.蘑菇D.蝗蟲4、從生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的組成成分看,硝化細菌和蚯蚓屬于()A.生產者和分解者B.生產者和消費者C.消費者和分解者D.分解者和消費者5、下列哪組生物可和無機環(huán)境組成一個生態(tài)系統(tǒng)()A.水藻、鳥B.小魚、大魚C.小草、昆蟲、細菌D.水藻、蝦6、對草→昆蟲→食蟲鳥→鷹這條食物鏈的敘述,正確的是()A.有四個營養(yǎng)級,兩個次級消費者B.有三個營養(yǎng)級,一個生產者C.食蟲鳥是第三營養(yǎng)級、次級消費者D.有三個營養(yǎng)級,三個消費者(設計意圖)進行簡單扼要的課堂小結與練習,可以把課堂傳授的知識盡快地轉化為學生的素質;也可使學生更深刻地理解理論在實際生活中的應用。

第二環(huán)節(jié)合作討論,獲得新的知識展示圖片,一塊草地上的全部蒲公英,估算所有蒲公英的數量,引出種群密度的概念。回到問題即調查蒲公英的種群密度,教師啟發(fā),學生閱讀教材討論總結說出樣方法,以問題承接“一片草地上的所有山羊”怎么知道其種群密度,激起學生認知沖突,進一步思考討論,得出標志重捕法,教師引導學生完成標志重捕法的概念、操作過程,計算公式,并與樣方法進行比較。教師陳述“種群密度是種群最基本的數量特征,反應種群在一定時期的數量,不能反應種群的變化趨勢”引出反映種群變化趨勢的其他特征——出生率和死亡率,遷入和遷出,年齡組成和性別比例。學生討論總結這些特征的概念、對種群密度的影響及對生產生活實踐的指導意義。使學生認同計劃生育國策,關注瀕危動物的種群數量變化。之后引導學生構建種群特征的關系圖。再簡明闡述種群空間特征即:隨即分布,均勻分布、集群分布。第三環(huán)節(jié)反饋練習,鞏固新知識通過對學生練習結果的評價,了解學生對知識的掌握情況。即以學生為核心的教學評價。

1.潛在價值──某種不知名的昆蟲。間接價值──每個物種都維系著它們所在的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的結構和功能。直接價值──蘆葦是一種重要的造紙原料;蟬蛻是一種動物性藥物;魯班通過觀察某種葉片的葉緣得到啟示,研制出了木工用的鋸;海洋和森林等生態(tài)系統(tǒng)能陶冶情操、激發(fā)創(chuàng)作的靈感。2.主要的困難是,一些發(fā)達國家(如美國、加拿大和歐盟國家等),拒絕核準或遲遲不予核準該議定書。主要爭議的問題是,這些國家擔心影響本國經濟的發(fā)展和其他國家可能不承擔相應的責任。例如,美國政府在2003年3月以“減少溫室氣體排放將會影響美國經濟發(fā)展”和“發(fā)展中國家也應該承擔減排和限排溫室氣體的義務”為由,宣布拒絕執(zhí)行《京都議定書》。建議世界各國特別是發(fā)展中國家聯合起來,通過聯合國大會和各國的政府以及民間組織等多種途徑,呼吁每年大量產生溫室氣體的發(fā)達國家率先核準《京都議定書》(我國政府早在2002年9月就核準了《京都議定書》)。

總結與大自然和諧相處走可持續(xù)發(fā)展道路。在我們的努力下地球一定能為我們人類提供更好的生存環(huán)境這部分的設計意圖是培養(yǎng)學生綜合實踐能力把新知識內化為學生生活行為中的具體行動。五、說板書設計這樣設計能直觀形象地體現知識結構、突出重點難點、利于鞏固新知識。六、說作業(yè)設計1、課本P80練習——常規(guī)作業(yè)主要為鞏固和落實認知目標服務。2、活動與探究以“警惕外來物種入侵”為題寫一篇科普文章。——開放性作業(yè)學生在自主完成任務的同時可以相互合作通過自主學習所獲得的成果經共享共同整理、歸納、分類得到一種比較完整的答案。七、說教學反思1、本節(jié)教學過程主要重視運用“動態(tài)發(fā)展觀”來組織實施教學用歷史性的眼光從縱向進行尋蹤綜合利用視頻、圖片等直觀教具動態(tài)地展示群落演替的過程幫助學生更好地理解群落演替的過程及本質。

主要讓學生明確以下觀點:(1)自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)是人類生存的基本環(huán)境;(2)人類活動的干擾正在全球范圍內使生態(tài)系統(tǒng)偏離穩(wěn)定狀態(tài);(3)人類生存與發(fā)展的命運就掌握在自己手中,但又受到自然規(guī)律的制約。反思總結,練習鞏固:對本節(jié)知識點進行回顧,整理出簡要的知識主線,為學生系統(tǒng)性復習鞏固提供思路,課件展示老師課前收集準備的相關練習題,指導學生完成練習題,加學生深對本節(jié)知識的理解把握。結課布置作業(yè):我們已經學習了生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性,那么,生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的各種功能之間的關系是怎樣的呢?在下一節(jié)課我們一起來學習這一方面的內容。這節(jié)課后大家可以先預習這一部分,著重分析他們之間的關系。并完成本節(jié)的課后練習及課后延伸拓展作業(yè)。達到對本節(jié)內容知識的鞏固提高和延展的目的。八、板書設計第五節(jié)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性一、 生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性概念1.概念:生態(tài)系統(tǒng)所具有的保持或恢復自身結構和功能相對穩(wěn)定的能力,

現代詩歌賞讀方法四:美讀(飽含謳歌與贊美情感再一次有感情地配樂朗讀全文,對比前面的朗讀,在讀中加深情感的領悟。)(五)延伸拓展引進生活的源頭活水,用情感來撞開學生的心扉。引導學生找到文章與現實的聯系點,抓住這一聯系點,讓語文回歸生活。我設計了“本詩哪些語段讓你聯想到自己的母親?講講你和母親的故事。”這個問題是把對大堰河的感情升華為對母親的感情的過程。這樣將語文學習的外延與生活的外延相等,把課文與生活有機地結合在一起。要求學生講述條理清楚,語言生動。教師可以播放背景音樂,調動學生情感。這樣,不僅鍛煉了學生的口語表達能力,培養(yǎng)了學生感恩美德,同時也深化了本文的教學難點?,F代詩歌賞讀方法五:比讀(投影出示孟郊《游子吟》比較兩詩的異同,并有感情地朗誦。)(六)布置作業(yè)。把“你與母親的故事”整理成一篇文章。

【教學方法】教法:講授法、探究教學法、講述法、談話法、比較法學法:接受性學習法、探究性學習法、合作學習法、引導學生自主學習;通過閱讀史料,分析歷史問題;【教學重點】掌握中國古代手工業(yè)發(fā)展的基本史實:古代手工業(yè)的重要成就;官營手工業(yè)產品精美,品種繁多,享譽世界;民營手工業(yè)艱難發(fā)展,后來居上;家庭手工業(yè)是中國古代社會穩(wěn)定的重要因素。【教學難點】中國古代手工業(yè)發(fā)展的特征。【教學媒體】多媒體、圖片、視頻【課型】綜合課【導入新課】在05.7.13日倫敦佳士德的一場名為“中國瓷器、手工藝品及外貿產品的拍賣會上,一只繪有“鬼谷下山”圖的元代青花瓷罐,被一美國古董商以1656萬英鎊也就是約2.45億人民幣的價格投得,為什么我們古代的手工業(yè)精品在今天如此受人青睞呢?這些價值連城的青銅器、瓷器是什么時候就產生了的,經歷了一個怎樣的發(fā)展歷程?今天我們就來解開這些謎底。下面,我們一起學習第2課《古代手工業(yè)的進步》。

師:改革開放后,喬家依然是生意興隆,財源廣進。下面我們來看一下他們乘坐另一種交通工具。(畫外音響起,男中音用緩慢、低沉的語調朗誦;幻燈片展示)(七)喬致庸1905年來到上海,腰纏萬貫的他坐上了行駛在柏油公路上的“四輪子”??上У氖?,此后的四十年,中國也沒有多少柏油路和“四輪子”.直到50年后,四輪子和“柏油路”才多了起來?!八妮喿印笔鞘裁??為什么“此后的四十年,中國也沒有多少柏油路和四輪子”?為什么“直到50年后,四輪子和“柏油路”才多了起來”?生:略師:20世紀初,汽車開始出現在上海。因為舊中國政治腐敗、民生凋敝。新中國成立后有了自己的汽車制造廠,比如說一汽、二汽。解放后,我們的汽車產業(yè)蒸蒸日上。(展示材料)屏幕顯示:1956年,長春第一汽車制造廠生產出第一批 “解放牌”載重汽車,標志著中國汽車工業(yè)的誕生。2009年我國汽車工業(yè)取得了全球矚目的成績,首次超過美國,成為全球產銷量第一的國家。

(一)教材的地位新中國的成立是20世紀的一件大事。它結束了幾千年封建專制統(tǒng)治的歷史,開啟了中華民族發(fā)展的新紀元。本課側重這一時期一個非常顯著的特征,即制度的更新,它本身具有知識的延續(xù)性和鋪墊性。新中國的成立促進了社會經濟的發(fā)展,也為祖國的統(tǒng)一奠定了重要基礎。(二)教學目標依據新課程以人為本,促進學生全面發(fā)展的要求,同時,針對高一年級學生具備一定基礎知識但掌握不牢固,對歷史興趣濃厚但又自制能力差的特點,我對本課的三維目標設定如下:見多媒體。(三)教學重點的確定及處理本課的主題是新中國的民主政治建設,這個問題的掌握對以后學習中國民主政治建設的進程有很大幫助,并且學生能力的提高也有賴于對它的認識,所以確定“人民代表大會制度的創(chuàng)立”是教學重點。

二、君主專制的演進(即中央政治制度的演變)通過地方政治制度演變的學習,掌握方法以后,以學生歸納整理基本線索為主,教師適當點撥,注意糾錯。1. 漢承秦制,又有所變化。教師點撥強調繼承與發(fā)展兩個方面。創(chuàng)設情景:同學們看了電視連續(xù)劇《漢武大帝》后,知道漢武帝劉徹在繼位之后,就急于對西漢王朝的政治制度進行改革。那么,西漢初期中央政治制度的基本框架是怎樣的呢?漢武帝為什么要對它進行改革呢?改革后的西漢中央集權制度又是怎樣的呢?請大家議一議,想一想。主干知識:西漢初期的中央政治制度的最大特點是“漢承秦制”。具體表現在兩個方面:一是繼續(xù)實行皇帝制度,維護皇權,這一做法也為后來各王朝所沿用;二是在中央設立三公,分別掌管行政、監(jiān)察和軍事。到漢武帝時,“中朝”成為西漢重要的中央決策機構,尚書令的權力日益重要,以丞相為首的三公九卿的權力被削弱,演化為執(zhí)行機構。到了東漢光武帝時,進一步剝奪三公權限,擴大尚書的權力。

1789年法國大革命后,共和派與君主派之間進行了長期反復的斗爭,直到1875年法蘭西第三共和國憲法通過才最終確立了共和政體,它為法國資本主義的進一步發(fā)展奠定了基礎。專制色彩濃厚的普魯士通過王朝戰(zhàn)爭這種自上而下的形式,完成了德國的統(tǒng)一。1871年德意志帝國憲法頒布,德國君主立憲政體確立,保留了濃厚的專制殘余和軍國主義傳統(tǒng)。但資產階級代議制的建立使德國的資本主義工業(yè)迅速發(fā)展起來,19世紀末躋身到世界強國行列。資本主義政治制度擴展到了歐洲大陸,隨著這兩個國家資本主義政治制度的確立,近代西方主要資本主義政治制度得以最終確立。四、板書一、法國共和政體確立的艱難歷程1、艱難 (1)表現 (2)原因2、確立標志:法蘭西第三共和國憲法

四、說教學程序(一).溫故知新、導入新課復習提問:基因突變導致生物變異的原因是什么?回答:基因突變是基因結構發(fā)生改變,從而使遺傳信息改變,使蛋白質結構改變、生物性狀改變,即生物發(fā)生了變異。那么,基因是什么?它和染色體又有何關系?回答:基因是有遺傳效應的DNA片斷,染色體是DNA的載體,基因在染色體上呈線形排列。引出新知:對于一個生物體來說,正常情況下,其染色體的結構和數量都是穩(wěn)定的。但在自然條件或人為因素的影響下,染色體的結構和數量均會發(fā)生改變,從而導致生物性狀的改變,這就屬于染色體變異。(二).把握重點、突破難點重點的把握:1、染色體結構的變異播放影片:貓叫綜合征幼兒。讓學生觀察: 患兒哭聲輕、音調高,很像貓叫。教師補充: 患兒的征狀---兩眼較低、耳位低下,存在著嚴重的智力障礙。闡述病因---染色體片段缺失

2. let the Ss complete the forms paragraph by paragraph. Purpose here is to help Ss to get the habit of reading a passage as a whole, and pay attention to the organization of the text, as a result the Ss will fully understand the whole passage.3. ask Ss to retell the passage with the help of the key words in the form.Since the Ss in the class are in different levels, so I let them to fill in the blank to understand the meaning of the words and phrases better. ( That’s all for the while-reading. Now let’s move to the fifth step.)Step V: Post-reading (10mins) ---DiscussionIn this part students are asked to discuss in groups and list Wang Kun’s and Wang Wei’s attitudes about the trip. After that, Ss are encouraged to express their attitudes with the whole class. Collect their answers and don’t forget to praise them even if their answers may not be perfect.In this activity, discussion provides a vivid and active learning environment for Ss to communicate in English with newly learned language items. (Finally it comes to the homework.)StepⅥ: Homework (1min)1. Ss are required to read the text again after class and figure out the meaning of some complex sentences.2. Do the exercises on P19; This can help Ss to consolidate what they’ve learnt and make preparation for the next lessonPart4. Blackboard design.(說板書設計)On the top, there is the title of this lesson. On the left, there are main ideas for each paragraph. On the right, there are some new words and expressions.Unit 3 Travel journalJourney down the MekongMain idea of each para.:Para1: deciding to take a great bike trip along the Mekong river.Para2: Different attitudes between Wang kun and Wang wei.

Textbook: Senior English for China (Book 4), by Liu Daoyi Time Allotment: 1 period (40 minutes)Date: March 20, 2014Teaching aids: blackboard, Multi-media, Power Point, chalk I. Text Analysis (教材分析)This unit is about body language, and the text selected in the reading part demonstrates the difference and similarity of body language in many parts of the world. Through learning this passage, students are required to raise their awareness of using body language in different parts of the world. As body language is closely related to our daily life, it is easy to arouse students’ interest in learning this text. Reading skills and speaking training are designed around the text.II. Teaching Objectives (教學目標)By the end of the lesson, students will be able to:1. Language Skill Objective(語言技能目標): develop reading ability (skimming and scanning)as well as speaking ability.2. Cultural Knowledge Objective(文化知識目標): know about the cultural differences of using body language.3. Affective Objective(情感目標): increase students’ awareness of using body language correctly in different cultures. III.Teaching Focuses and Difficulties(教學重點和難點)1. Teaching Focuses(教學重點): the difference and similarity of body language in many parts of the world.2. Teaching Difficulties(教學難點): develop students’ reading abilities of skimming and scanning and ask the students to show their opinions with fluent English.

Step 7 Language points 1.Vocabulary (1) go through (2) set down (3) a series of (4) on purpose (5) in order to (6)at dusk (7)entirely (8)face to face 2.Important sentences (1)…I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. (2)There was a time when … (3)I stayed awake on purpose until … (4)It was the first time … that I’d seen the night … (5)It’s no pleasure looking through … Purpose: 1.Master the required vocabulary and sentence structures. 2.Use them freely. Step 8 Consolidation 1.Find out the topic sentences 2.Retell the text according to the topic sentences Purpose: I want to know if my students understand the text. Step 9 Discussion Imagine you have to go into hiding like Anne and her family, what would you miss most? Giveyour reasons. Purpose: Train Ss’ oral English ability. Step 10 Homework Write an article on Friends. Purpose: 1. Improve the Ss’ writing ability. 2 Train the Ss’ ability of self—teaching and looking up information by themselves. Part 5 Blackboard design(說板書設計)Unit 1 Friendship Reading Anne’s Best Friend 1.Main idea of each paragraph: Para. 1 Anne made her diary her best friend. Para .2 Anne wrote her feelings in her diary. Para .3 Anne missed nature. Para.4 Anne saw the night face to face Para.5 Anne wanted to experience nature outdoors. 2.Listening: Exx.1 P3 3.Discussion: Exx.3 P3 Purpose: 1.Make Ss familiar with the passage 2.Make the design inductive, instructive and artistic.

(3)v. 給:提出;展現,顯現present sb. with sth. ; present sth. to sb. 把. . 交給;頒發(fā);授予present sth. (for sth. )/present sth. to sb. e. g. Om his birthday, his friends presented him a collection of stamps. 在他生日時,他的朋友們送給他一套郵票作為禮物。The sword was presented by the family to the museum. 這家人把寶劍捐贈給了博物館。The committee will present the final report to Parliament in June. 委員會將在六月向議會提交最后的報告。You need to present yourself better. 你需要更善于展現自己。It is essential that we present a united front. 至關重要的是我們要表現得更加團結。Step 4 ConsolidationT:Now that we have got a general idea of these words and phrases. Lets make up some sentences using them to master them. Suggested sentences:1. Your duties include typing letters and answering the telephone. 2. It is one of the greatest roles that she has played. 3. A large number of people have applied for the job. 4. The number of the panda is declining. 5. I'11 go there, even if I have to walk. 6. He came up to me to ask for a light. 7. The novel is about a family who can't communicate with each other. 8. He based his plan on interests of most people. 9. Why doesn't he make use of his singing talent?Step 5 Summary and homeworkT:Today we dealt with several new words and phrases. After class I hope that youcan read them again and again to keep them in mind. That's all for today. You aredismissed.

In this step, give students a few minutes to read the passage . While they are reading, I will write some key words of the text on the blackboard. Then ask students to retell the passage according to the key words.By retelling, students can improve their ability of language organization and have an overall understanding of the article.Step 4 Group discussionIn this step, students will be divided into groups of 4 to discussion the following question: What qualities make a great person?After their discussion, invite a few groups to make a report to the class.This group discussion can practice students’ oral English and cultivate their abilities of cooperation and communication.Step 5. HomeworkLet students write a short passage to introduce a great person he or she admires.The homework can consolidate the knowledge the students have learned and cultivate their writing ability. Part 6 Blackboard Design(板書設計)That’s all my teaching procedures. Finally, I’d like to say sth about part 6 blackboard design. On the top is the title. On the left, there will be some new words and expressions. In the middle of the blackboard, I will write some useful sentence structures so that the students can know clearly what they’ve learned and then try to master the knowledge.OK. That’s all for my presentation. Thank you for your attention.

Ⅲ. Analysis of the teaching material:The topic of this unit is cultural relics. Students are quite interested in topics about different cultures around the world. This is the second period of the whole unit. As a reading class, the passage mainly talks about the history of the amber room (how it was made, sent as a gift, lost and rebuilt).According to the new national curriculum, when teaching reading, much emphasis should be put on training the students’ reading skills.Ⅳ. Teaching objectives1. Language objectives:1) Students are required to master the key words and phrases occurred in the passage (e.g. amazing, decorate, belong, in return, less than etc.)2) Students are required to learn the attributive clause and acquire the sentence pattern.2. 1) Students are required to describe a certain thing by using the new sentence patterns.2) Students are required to master two kinds of reading skills—skimming and scanning, and learn to use them in their daily reading.3. 1) Students are required to know the history of the amber room.2) Students are required to appreciate cultural relics and understand the importance of protecting them.Ⅴ. Teaching important and difficult points1) the new words, phrases, and sentence pattern in the course of reading.2) Teaching difficult point: Help the students master two kinds of reading skills—skimmingand scanning and learn to apply them in daily use.Ⅵ. Teaching methods:Task-based method & Top-down model Ⅶ. Teaching aids: PPT, pictures, blackboard Ⅷ. Teaching procedure:
PPT全稱是PowerPoint,LFPPT為你提供免費PPT模板下載資源。讓你10秒輕松搞定幻燈片制作,打造?顏值的豐富演示文稿素材模版合集。