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山東省青島市2016年中考歷史真題試題（含解析）
21世紀是世界公認的海洋世紀．當我們沿著歷史的軌跡追尋國家興衰之道時，深深感到海洋對一個民族、國家的盛衰榮辱起著至關(guān)重要的作用．材料一宋朝，對外貿(mào)易量遠遠超過以往任何時候．當然，對外貿(mào)易迅速發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)，是中國前所未有的經(jīng)濟生產(chǎn)率．航海技術(shù)的改進﹣﹣其中包括指南針、帶有可調(diào)中心垂直升降板的平底船，以及代替竹帆的布帆的使用，也很重要…因而，宋朝時的中國正朝成為一個海上強國的方向發(fā)展．﹣﹣（美）斯塔夫里阿諾斯《全球通史》材料二則哥倫布以后，有無數(shù)之哥倫布，繼達?伽馬之后，有無數(shù)之達?伽馬．我則鄭和之后，竟無第二之鄭和，噫嘻！豈是鄭君之罪也！﹣﹣梁啟超《祖國大航海家鄭和傳》材料三東省（山東?。┬蝿荩酝?、膠州為要口，于海軍屯泊尤宜．乃甲午一役，威海水陸之防，既毀于日本，而德因教案，曾以大隊鐵艦奪踞膠州灣，辟商埠，開鐵路，浸窺腹地．東省海防，遂無所藉手（借助，憑借）云．﹣﹣《清史稿》
山東省濰坊市2016年中考歷史真題試題（含解析）
材料一 孟子認為“大丈夫”是人生的最高目標，從理想人格的意義講，孟子所謂的“大丈夫”具備四種重要的德行，“惻隱之心，人之端也；羞惡之心，又之端也；禪讓之心，禮之端也，是非之心，智之端也．|”全力發(fā)展此“四端”，便會成為具有浩然之氣的“大丈夫”．-----摘編自《中國通史》（1）材料一中，孟子認為“大丈夫”應(yīng)具備怎樣的道德規(guī)范？結(jié)合所學知識，簡述孟子的政治理想．材料二 一位阿拉伯商人記述：兩宋時期，信用券被廣泛應(yīng)用，富裕商人率先使用印制的紙幣，極大地便利了商品的交換．中國商人把錢借給別人時會寫下借條，借債人則在紙條上用食指和中指畫押．他們主張以信接物，以義為利，市不二價，童叟無欺，不賣假貨，不賺黑錢，不會乘人之危而半利．---摘編自《新全球史》（2）據(jù)材料二，概括指出宋代商人具有怎樣的優(yōu)秀品質(zhì)？結(jié)合所學知識，概述宋代商業(yè)繁榮的主要表現(xiàn)．
四川省成都市2016年中考歷史真題試題（含解析）
材料二 20世紀80年代初，大陸的統(tǒng)一觀已經(jīng)有了創(chuàng)新性的發(fā)展，不完全要求絕對的“政治上的服從”和制度上的一致，首創(chuàng)了一個國家中允許存在不同社會制度的理論。這一理論在香港和澳門獲得了成功的實踐?！獡?jù)許士鈴《國家統(tǒng)一是中華民族歷史形成的國家觀》⑵材料二中，大陸首創(chuàng)的“一個國家中允許存在不同社會制度的理論”是指什么（2分）分析這一理論提出的依據(jù)(2分）。
遼寧省沈陽市2018年中考歷史真題試題（含解析）
16. 大唐以博大的胸襟迎接世界各地的客人，顯示了高度的自信和恢弘的氣度。觀看下面圖片并閱讀相關(guān)文字介紹，回答問題。陜西乾縣唐朝章懷太子墓壁畫《客使圖》（部分）該壁畫展現(xiàn)了三名唐朝官員（左）在接見外國使節(jié)的場景。這些使節(jié)可能來自拜占廷帝國、朝鮮和西伯利亞，他們在向唐朝的代表表達敬意。唐朝是一個國際性的時代。政府專門設(shè)置了鴻臚（lú）寺來接待各國的使者；推行與鄰國之間的朝貢關(guān)系，即鄰國及其民眾要經(jīng)常向大唐獻上貢品并行叩頭之禮一一在皇帝面前下跪，以前額觸地，唐朝回報進貢國家奢華的禮物。據(jù)記載，唐朝曾在大明宮麟德殿宴請過70多個國家和地區(qū)的賓客。天竺（今印度、巴基斯坦）及驃國（今緬甸）、真臘（今柬埔寨）、林邑（今越南）、室利佛逝（今蘇門答臘），西城和中亞各國，西方的拜占廷（東羅馬）、波斯（今伊朗）、大食哈里發(fā)帝國（阿拉伯）等均有使節(jié)來到大唐。長安城內(nèi)到處可見來自世界各國的商旅、僧侶和留學生。
湖南省婁底市2017年中考歷史真題試題（含解析）
【思想的光芒】材料一 老子，中國古代偉大的思想家，春秋時期楚國人。他曾做過周朝管理藏書的史官，孔子曾向他問禮，感嘆他學問的高深。年老時，留下了五千言的名著。這部著作流傳甚廣。據(jù)聯(lián)合國教科文組織統(tǒng)計，它是世界上被譯成外國文字最多的著作之一?？鬃?，中國古代偉大的思想家和教育家，春秋時期魯國人。弟子三千，其言行被編成《論語》一書。他為我國文化教育事業(yè)的發(fā)展作出了重要貢獻，被后世尊稱為“萬世師表”?？鬃拥乃枷朐谥袊褪澜缢枷胧飞舷碛兄匾匚?。（1）材料所述老子的“名著”是什么？（1分）作為“萬世師表”的孔子，其思想的核心是什么？（1分）戰(zhàn)國時在思想文化領(lǐng)域出現(xiàn)了“百家爭鳴”的局面，請列舉其中一個學派及其代表人物。（1分）【盛世的魅力】材料二 唐代我國社會經(jīng)濟發(fā)展繁榮。當時社會穩(wěn)定，經(jīng)濟發(fā)展，士人讀書風氣盛行，教育事業(yè)也因此發(fā)展，文學藝術(shù)繁榮。中外交往出現(xiàn)了盛況空前的局面。日本、大食、天竺等國紛紛遣使到唐朝……日本先后13次派出遣唐使，使團龐大，居各國之首。（2）當時“士人讀書風氣盛行”的原因是什么？（1分）各國“紛紛遣使到唐朝”的目的是什么？（1分）日本仿效唐朝進行了什么改革？（1分）
湖南省張家界市2019年中考語文真題試題（含解析）
讀書不能死章句，需要思考一個“活”字。李白在《嘲魯儒》中說：“魯叟談五經(jīng)，白發(fā)死章句。問以經(jīng)濟策，茫如墜煙霧?！痹娙藢δ切┛淇淦湔劧鴽]有真才實學的“魯叟”進行了辛辣的嘲諷。這些人談起五經(jīng)頭頭是道，問起經(jīng)世濟民之策卻茫然無知。他們拿腔拿調(diào)，架子十足，卻死于章句，不知時變。陸游《冬夜讀書示子聿》中的觀點，則更加值得那些“魯叟”們深思。他說“紙上得來終覺淺，絕知此事要躬行”，言詞樸素，滿含哲理，詩中提出的理論與實踐相結(jié)合的觀點，至今猶有現(xiàn)實意義。只有在實踐中才能得真知、悟真諦，真正學有所獲，學有所用。
2022年福建省中考英語真題（原卷版）
Thinking that her dream could never come true,Kelly was in low spirits and ____18____ her studies at school. Hermother did all she could to cheer her up, ____19____ Kelly refused tochange. She even took out all her anger and ____20____ on her mother.
2022年安徽省中考英語真題（原卷版）
During 1907-1909, British explorer EarnestShackleton explored Antarctica on foot. In 1911, two explorers—a British mannamed Scott and a Norwegian named Amundsen—raced 1, 400 kilometres to the SouthPole (南極).Amundsen arrived first.
2022年海南省中考英語真題（原卷版）
YangHongwei, 56, was born into a kite-making family in Weifang. When she was young,she often saw kites with bright colors and different shapes in hergrandfather’s workshop.
2022年河南省中考英語真題（原卷版）
In the large yard stood thirteen trees ofdifferent sizes. One day, while Joey was playing with his sister under thetrees, he noticed that a tree trunk (樹干) had a sad look. He raninto the house to tell his mom about it. She told Joey to find the reason whyit was sad.
2022年河北省中考英語真題（原卷版）
As a boy, Kevin visited national parks and helearned the Earth is in ___12___ condition. He felt worried, and hewanted to ___13___ the Earth. In 2009, he went to swim in water nearNorth Pole（北極）todraw people’s attention to the melting glaciers（融化的冰川）.
2022年吉林省中考英語真題（原卷版）
Taiping nijiaojiao is made of the mudfrom the local mountain. It takes more than ten steps to make the clay toy, andthe key step is to knead (捏) it with your hands. You can knead the clay toyinto anything, like animals and plants. The blowhole is the most difficult partto make, for the size of the blowhole makes a difference to the sound. Whilecoloring, you can use traditional cultural elements (元素) thatcarry good meanings. It’s hard to make taipingnijiaojiao. But when you finally make it, you will feel proud of yourself.
2022年北京市中考英語真題（原卷版）
When itcomes to a meaningful life, we might think of love, happiness and health. Alife filled with meaning is what most of us want for ourselves. Then, whatmakes a meaningful life?Manyresearchers agree that a meaningful life comes down to three factors (因素): havinglong-term goals, believing that one’s life matters, and feeling that one’s lifefits together and “makes sense”.But we believe there is more to consider. Sometimeslife enables us to experience small moments of beauty. When people are open toappreciating (欣賞) suchexperiences, these moments may improve how they see their own life. We callthis experiential appreciation (EA).
2022年江蘇省鎮(zhèn)江市中考英語真題（原卷版）
The fantasticman-made “forest” is a Singapore landmark. It is made from steel and concrete(水泥) covered in localflowers and plants. At night, 18 solar-powered tree-like towers which get theirenergy from the sun often light up the city.
2022年江蘇省宿遷市中考英語真題 （原卷版）
Theoil paper umbrella is a traditional Chinese handicraft（手工藝品）.It has a history of over 1,000 years in China．In early TangDynasty, it was introduced to Japan and Korea, so it was called the “TangUmbrella”. Later oil paper umbrellas were spread to other Asian countries, suchas Vietnam, Thailand and Laos, and each had its own style. However, assteel-ribbed（鋼骨的）umbrellas appeared in the last century, thehand-made oil paper umbrellas became less used in daily life. They were turnedinto decorative artifacts（裝飾性工藝品）.
2022年江蘇省蘇州市中考英語真題（原卷版）
We’re leaving Qinghai Station. The scenery alongthe way is some of the wildest in all of China. Keep your eyes open as we racethrough this beautiful land. You might see a rare Tibetan antelope（藏羚羊）fromyour window.
2022年江蘇省連云港市中考英語真題（原卷版）
There was an old oak tree in the garden. Holly’sfather wanted to cut it down and build a new office there. Holly felt sad anddidn’t agree. She moved into the old tree house which was her favourite place in the world.One day, it rained all night.
2022年江蘇省徐州市中考英語真題（原卷版）
Dudiscovered his interest in folding paper in his childhood. After Du went tocollege in 2017, he had enough time to take the hobby seriously. He learnedfolding from online teachers and experts. Later he copied patterns from books.He spent almost three years improving his basic skills by making copies ofother artists’ designs. Then he made his own creations.
2022年江蘇省泰州市中考英語真題（原卷版）
Shuttlecock exercise doesnot require equipment(裝備) and is perfect for people to perform at home.Liu Genghong helps you to keep going until the last minute, and you can burnyour fat fast.
2022年江蘇省無錫市中考英語真題（原卷版）
Studying is not always the most interesting taskwithin your day, but it is a necessary one. Even though it is required,everyone has got bored at one time or another while studying.
