
材料一:封侯非我意,但愿海波平材料二:《清時(shí)期全圖》(圖1)材料三:從一定意義上說(shuō),一部中國(guó)近代史就是一部列強(qiáng)侵略中國(guó)的歷史,更是一部列強(qiáng)從海上侵略中國(guó)并頻頻得手的歷史.﹣《海權(quán)與近代史中國(guó)的歷史命運(yùn)》材料四:《中國(guó)第一艘航空母艦?遼寧艦》(圖2)(1)材料一中,寫(xiě)下一豪邁詩(shī)句,并取得“海波平”最后勝利的民族英雄是?(2)根據(jù)材料二,為鞏固海防,1684年清朝在圖中A處設(shè)立的管理機(jī)構(gòu)是什么?B處信息顯示,清朝前期疆域的最南端包括了哪里?(3)材料三反映了中國(guó)近代有海無(wú)防.1840年,英國(guó)第一次從“海上侵略中國(guó)”并“得手”的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)是什么?為了捍衛(wèi)中國(guó)的海上主權(quán),在黃海戰(zhàn)役中壯烈殉國(guó)的致遠(yuǎn)艦管帶是誰(shuí)?(4)新中國(guó)第一支海軍部隊(duì)成立于何時(shí)?綜合材料三、四,中國(guó)海防力量從無(wú)到有,由弱到強(qiáng)的根本原因是什么?

材料一會(huì)議批評(píng)了博古等人在軍事上的錯(cuò)誤,肯定了毛澤東指揮紅軍作戰(zhàn)的基本原則;改組了中央領(lǐng)導(dǎo)機(jī)構(gòu),增選毛澤東為中央政治局常委﹣﹣《中國(guó)歷史》八年級(jí)上冊(cè)材料二全會(huì)重新確定了實(shí)事求是的馬克思主義思想路線;停止使用“以階級(jí)斗爭(zhēng)為綱”的口號(hào),……形成了以鄧小平為核心的第二代領(lǐng)導(dǎo)集體。﹣﹣《中國(guó)歷史》八年級(jí)下冊(cè)(1)指出材料一中的“會(huì)議”名稱;(2)材料二中的“會(huì)議”召開(kāi)于哪一年?它作出了哪一重大戰(zhàn)略決策?(3)請(qǐng)概括以上兩次會(huì)議在意義上的共同點(diǎn)。

讀書(shū)不能死章句,需要思考一個(gè)“活”字。李白在《嘲魯儒》中說(shuō):“魯叟談五經(jīng),白發(fā)死章句。問(wèn)以經(jīng)濟(jì)策,茫如墜煙霧。”詩(shī)人對(duì)那些夸夸其談而沒(méi)有真才實(shí)學(xué)的“魯叟”進(jìn)行了辛辣的嘲諷。這些人談起五經(jīng)頭頭是道,問(wèn)起經(jīng)世濟(jì)民之策卻茫然無(wú)知。他們拿腔拿調(diào),架子十足,卻死于章句,不知時(shí)變。陸游《冬夜讀書(shū)示子聿》中的觀點(diǎn),則更加值得那些“魯叟”們深思。他說(shuō)“紙上得來(lái)終覺(jué)淺,絕知此事要躬行”,言詞樸素,滿含哲理,詩(shī)中提出的理論與實(shí)踐相結(jié)合的觀點(diǎn),至今猶有現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。只有在實(shí)踐中才能得真知、悟真諦,真正學(xué)有所獲,學(xué)有所用。

In the late autumn, John was badly ill andbecame bedridden (長(zhǎng)期臥床的).After the doctor visited John several times, he told Sue, “His condition isquite ___22___.John seems to have lost all will to live. If he doesn’t want to live, medicineswill not help him.”

In the large yard stood thirteen trees ofdifferent sizes. One day, while Joey was playing with his sister under thetrees, he noticed that a tree trunk (樹(shù)干) had a sad look. He raninto the house to tell his mom about it. She told Joey to find the reason whyit was sad.

Dealing with a nosebleed(鼻出血)mightseem simple. But recently, the British RED Cross asked parents with youngchildren how to help a child with a nosebleed. About 65 percent of parents didnot ____11____the correct action to help.

One night many yearsago, an angry voice woke me up from sleep. It was my drunken (喝醉的) father. Those days, he would always ___11___ home very late. Sometimes, he would also go on to fight with my mom.

As a boy, Kevin visited national parks and helearned the Earth is in ___12___condition. He felt worried, and he wanted to ___13___ the Earth. In 2009, he went to swim in waternear North Pole(北極)todraw people’s attention to the melting glaciers(融化的冰川).

At the age of nine, Kelly dreamed of being abasketball player. But one day when she was playing basketball, she hurt herleft leg ____16____.

“Red Trip” in TonghuaTonghua is a good choice to have a “red trip”. It is aplace full of “red stories”. The well-known national hero Yang Jingyu oncefought here. Experience the “red spirit”!

The app — called Sit With Us — is ___15___. If a student is having lunch in the afternoon,he or she can create an invitation. Other students can open the app and ___16___ that invitation. They can then use the app todecide when and where to ___17___.

Antarctica lies in the most southern part of theworld. It is the coldest area on Earth. There isn’t much rain, but there is alot of snow and wind. The lowest temperature was on 21 July in 1983 at -89.2℃!

I joineda band (樂(lè)隊(duì))as a drummer in my middle school. I thought itwould be fun playing the drum and meeting new friends. At first it was easy,but a month later, it got difficult. I was the only one who couldn’t keep pace (節(jié)奏)with the other players. Our teacher,Angie, singled me out to keep practicing while everyone else got to relax. Ifelt ashamed (羞愧的)as my teammates watched me fail so many times.Finally I got so tired of practicing that I didn’t care about doing it right.

如今,少兒參加國(guó)內(nèi)外的各種比賽,甚至在電視節(jié)目里一比高低,已經(jīng)成為觀眾和輿論的話題。而且,感慨最多的是小選手們的態(tài)度、表情、談吐,還有從家長(zhǎng)到老師的那份表現(xiàn)。任何競(jìng)賽都會(huì)有輸贏,名次也會(huì)有高低。假如過(guò)于計(jì)較其中的得失,將名次和獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)看得比天大,一副不堪承受的模樣,這種對(duì)輸贏得失的態(tài)度,恰恰說(shuō)明對(duì)孩子的人文教育是有缺陷的,甚至可以說(shuō)是不成功的。 有的孩子,贏,得意之情溢于言表,小小年紀(jì),居然能說(shuō)出“春秋戰(zhàn)國(guó),還是難不倒我的”;而有的孩子,輸,或者不過(guò)是第二、第三,就淚流滿面,好像一生成敗在此一舉?!炯住窟@樣的孩子,如何能領(lǐng)悟“滿招損,謙受益”?將來(lái)又如何面對(duì)挫折和失敗,如何順利度過(guò)人生的曲折和波瀾?

Electric cars may seem like a recent invention,but they have been around for years. In the early 1900s, there were ___16___ electric cars on the road than gasoline(汽油)cars,because at that time, gasoline was expensive compared with other fuels(燃料)

Once, herfather took her to the kitchen. He asked Jane to take a potato, an egg ____11____ two spoons of tea leaves. Jane was ____12____, andasked her father, “Do you want me to cook?”

The December day started like any other. Papacame back with his boat full of fish. Mama made breakfast for the family.Seven-year-old Joonas was doing his homework, while his two little brothers ranaround the yard. That day seemed peaceful, but Alejo ____16____ better.

My arms were shaking and my heart was beating ____19____ when I stood at thestarting line. ____20____the endless runway (跑道), I felt like a boat fighting against the windand rain. I ____21____myself that simply joining in was a victory (勝利) itself.

When youand your friends turn to each other to talk about problems or troubles, yougive each other advice and help. One important thing of our growth is to makedecisions to help our friends and learn to support each other. This requires usto learn what it means to help friends and how to help them in right ways.

Everyone knows how similar chimpanzees (黑猩猩)are to humans. So it’s no surprise that their greetings are also close to ours.The most common ways of greeting between chimpanzees are hand touching andhugging. Sometimes they also kiss each other. Some chimpanzees can even learnsimple sign language.
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