
Discuss these questions in groups.Q1: Have you ever been to a place that has a diverse culture ? What do you think about the culture diversity ?One culturally diverse place that I have been to is Harbin, the capital city of Heilongjiang Province. I went there last year with my family to see the Ice and Snow Festival, and I was amazed at how the culture as different to most other Chinese cities. There is a big Russian influence there, with beautiful Russian architecture and lots of interesting restaurants. I learnt that Harbin is called “the Oriental Moscow” and that many Russians settled there to help build the railway over 100 years ago.Q2: What are the benefits and challenges of cultural diversity ?The benefits: People are able to experience a wide variety of cultures, making their lives more interesting, and it can deepen the feelings for our national culture, it is also helpful for us to learn about other outstanding culture, which helps improve the ability to respect others. The challenges: People may have trouble communicating or understanding each other, and it may lead to disappearance of some civilizations and even make some people think “The western moon is rounder than his own.”Step 7 Post reading---RetellComplete the passage according to the text.Today, I arrived back in San Francisco, and it feels good (1) _____(be) back in the city again. The city succeeded in (2)_________ (rebuild) itself after the earthquake that (3)________ (occur) in 1906, and I stayed in the Mission District, enjoying some delicious noodles mixed with cultures. In the afternoon, I headed to a local museum (4)____ showed the historical changes in California. During the gold rush, many Chinese arrived, and some opened up shops and restaurants in Chinatown to earn a (5)_____ (live). Many others worked on (6)______ (farm), joined the gold rush, or went to build the railway that connected California to the east. The museum showed us (7)____ America was built by immigrants from (8)________ (difference) countries and cultures. In the evening, I went to Chinatown, and ate in a Cantonese restaurant that served food on (9)________(beauty) china plates. Tomorrow evening, I’m going to (10)__ jazz bar in the Richmond District. 答案:1. to be 2. rebuilding 3. occurred 4. that 5.living6. farms 7.how 8. different 9. beautiful 10. a

The theme of the section is “Describe space facts and efforts to explore space”. Infinitives are one of non-finite verbs, as the subjects, objects, predicative, attributes and adverbials. This unit is about space exploration, which is a significant scientific activity, so every scientific activity has strong planning. Therefore, using the infinitives to show its purpose, explanations or restrictions is the best choice.1. Learn the structure, functions and features of infinitives.2. Learn to summarize some rules about infinitives to show purpose and modify.3. Learn to use infinitives in oral and writing English. 1. Learn the structure, functions and features of infinitives.2. Learn to summarize some rules about infinitives to show purpose and modify.3. Learn to use use infinitives in oral and writing English.Step 1 Lead in---Pair workLook at the following sentences and focus on the italicized infinitives. In pairs, discuss their functions. 1. I trained for a long time to fly airplanes as a fighter pilot..(作目的狀語)2. As we all know, an astronaut needs to be healthy and calm in order to work in space..(作目的狀語)3. First of all, you must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree..(作目的狀語)4. Some scientist were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space..(作定語)5. On 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space..(作定語)Summary:1. 不定式的結(jié)構(gòu):to+do原形。2. 分析上面的句子,我們知道在描述太空探索時,動詞不定式不僅可以用來表目的,還可以用來作定語,表修飾。

Q4: What is the function of the International exploration ?Having astronauts from different countries on boardQ5: What can you learn from Para 4 ?China has made great achievements in exploring spaceQ6: What is the attitude to the space exploration ?SupportiveStep 6 Post reading---RetellPeople have always wanted to learn more about space. Before the mid-20th century, most people felt (1)_________ (travel) into space was an impossible dream. However, (2)____ the help of scientists, peoplesucceeded in realizing their dream (3) _________ (explore) space. On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik 1 satellite (4) ____________(launch) by the USSR. (5) ________________ scientists try to make sure nothing goes wrong, accidents can still happen. These disasters made everyone(6)___________(disappoint), but people still believe in the importance of (7) ________(carry) on space exploration. In 2003, China became the third country to (8)_____________ (independent) send humans into space. Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed (9)____ second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk. In spite of the difficulties, scientists hope future (10)__________ (discovery) will not only enable us to understand the universe but also help us survive well into the future.Answers: 1. travelling 2. with 3. to explore 4. was launched 5. Although6. disappointed 7. carrying 8. independently 9. a 10. discoveriesStep 6 Post reading---Critical thinkingQ1: What do you think of the space exploration ? I think it is beneficial to us. Through further study of space, people will make full use of it in the future, such as the space experiments by Wang Yaping in Tian Gong 1.Q2: If you are determined to be an astronaut, what should you prepare at present ?First of all, I should study hard to get a related college degree. Besides, I must keep mental and physical healthy.Step 7. HomeworkTry to summarize the structure of the article by a mind map.

4. A:We’d like to have someone to say a word at the beginning to welcome the group.B:↙Who?A:We thought that you or Dr.Johnson might do it.B用降調(diào)說Who,其意思是問,對方想讓誰在開場時致歡迎詞。Step 6 Pronunciation---Practice1. Listen to the short conversation and mark the intonation with ↗, ↙ or ↙, ↗. Then discuss with a partner what they intend to convey by using different intonation.Owner: You know what ?↗ It’s a million-pound bank note↙.Waiter 1: Really ?↗(question)Waiter 2: Really !↙(unbelievable and surprised)Waiter 3: Really ?!↙↗(first question then surprised)2. Listen to the conversations. Underline the parts that are stressed and mark the intonation. Then talk about the implied meanings of the responses with different intonations. Listen again and repeat.1) Henry: It’s a nice suit.Owner: Oh, it’s perfect!↙(The intonation means it is very suitable for Henry.)2) Henry: Well, that’s very kind of you.Owner: Kind, sir ?↗(what you said is not right) No, it’s kind of you. You must come whenever you want and have whatever you like. Just having you sit here is a great honour !!↙(welcome you to come again)3)Henry:Well, to be honest, I have none. Oliver:(happily) What luck!(excited) Brother↗, what luck!↙(It means “Didn’t you hear it?”)Henry: Well, it may seem lucky to you but not to me!↗(angry) If this is your idea of some kind of joke, I don’t think it’s very funny. Now if you’ll excuse me, I ought to be on my way.↙(If so, I would leave.)Roderick: Please don’t go↙...(hope Henry can wait for a moment)Part B Viewing and Talking---Describe people’s changing attitudes in a film clipStep 1 Before-listening---Tell the filmYou are going to watch part of the film The Million Pound Bank Note. Look at these photos and guess what happens in the film.

4.That was an experience that frightened everyone. →That was _____________________. 答案:1. taking 2. being discussed 3. in the reading room 4. a frightening experienceStep 6 The meaning and function of V-ing as the predicative動詞-ing形式作表語,它通常位于系動詞后面,用以說明主語“是什么”或“怎么樣”一種表示主語的特質(zhì)、特征和狀態(tài), 其作用相當(dāng)于形容詞; 另一種具體說明主語的內(nèi)容, 即主語等同于表語, 兩者可互換。The music they are playing sounds so exciting. 他們演奏的音樂聽起來令人激動。The result is disappointing. 結(jié)果令人失望。Our job is playing all kinds of music. 我們的工作就是演奏各種音樂。Seeing is believing. 眼見為實。Step 7 Practice1. It is ________(amaze) that the boy is able to solve the problem so quickly.2. Buying a car is simply _______(waste) money. 3. Please stop making the noise—it’s getting ________(annoy). 4. complete the passage with the appropriate -ing form.La Tomatina is a festival that takes place in the Spanish town Bunol every August. I think many food festivals are __________ because people are just eating. however, this festival is _________ because people don't actually eat the tomatoes. Instead, they throw them at each other! the number of people ________ part in this tomato fight, can reach up to 20,000, and it is a very __________ fight that lasts for a whole hour. The _______ thing is how clean Bunol is after the tomatoes are washed away after the fight. this is because the juice form tomatoes is really good for making surfaces clean!答案:1. amazing 2. wasting 3. annoying4. boring interesting taking exciting amazing

The theme of this section is “Talk about festival activities and festival experiences”.Festival and holiday is a relaxing and interesting topic for students. This part talks about the topic from the daily life of students’. In the part A ---Listening and Speaking, there are three conversations among different speakers from three countries(Japan, Rio and China), where the speakers are participating in or going to participate in the festivals and celebrations. So listening for the relationship among them is a fundamental task. Actually, with the globalization and more international communication, it is normal for Chinese or foreigners to witness different festivals and celebrations in or out of China. In the Conversation 1, a foreign reporter is interviewing a Japanese young girl who just had participated in the ceremony of the Coming-of-Age Day on the street and asking her feeling about the ceremony and the afterwards activities. Conversation 2, Chinese girl Li Mei is witnessing the Rio Carnival for the first time, and her friend Carla gives her some advice on the costumes which enables her to match with the carnival to have a good time. Conversation 3, a Chinese guide is showing a group of foreign visitors around the Lantern Festival and introducing the customs of the festival to them. The three conversations have a strong vitality and insert the festival and cultural elements from different countries. So perceiving the festivals and cultures from different countries is the second task. At the same time, the scripts also insert the targeted grammar --- v-ing as attributive and predicative, which students can perceive and experience in a real context and make a road for the further study. That is the third task. In the Part B--- Listening and Talking, the theme is “Talk about festival experience”, which is the common topic in our daily conversations. During the conversation, Song Lin, a Chinese student, asked Canadian friend Max about how to spend Christmas. In the conversation, Song Lin talked about experience and the feelings during the Chinese Spring Festival, during which there are not only some enjoyable things but some unpleasant things. After the listening, perhaps students find there are some similarities between Christmas and the Chinese Spring Festival as there are some differences in the origins and celebrations. For example, people always visit friends and relatives, decorate their houses, have a big dinner together, chat and give presents to each other.

Listening and Speaking introduces the topic of “talking about how to become an astronaut”. This period is aimed to inform students some details about the requirements of being an astronaut. Students can be motivated and inspired by the astronauts. Teachers ought to encourage students to learn from them and let them aim high and dream big.Listening and Talking introduces the theme of "talk about life in space". This part also informs students more details about life in space and can inspire students to be curious about this job. 1. Guide students to listen for numbers concerning dates, years and ages etc2. Cultivate students' ability to talk about how to become an astronaut and life in space ; 3. Instruct students to use functional sentences of the dialogue such as “ first of all, I am not sure, so what might be .. I guess.. I wonder…I am curious…)appropriately.1. Guide students to understand the content of listening texts in terms of the whole and key details; 2. Cultivate students' ability to guess the meaning of words in listening; discuss with their peers how to become a qualified astronaut and describe the life in space.Part 1: Listening and SpeakingStep 1: Lead inPredictionThe teacher can ask students to predict what the listening text is about by looking at the pictures.About how to become an astronaut./the requirements of an astronautStep 2: Then, play the radio which is about an interview a. And after finishing listening for the first time, the students need to solve the following tasks.

Step 3 Meaning1. 過去將來時表示從過去某一時間來看將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài), 常用在賓語從句中。一般由“would/should +動詞原形”構(gòu)成。She hoped that they would meet again someday. 她希望將來有一天他們能再見面。2. was/were going to+動詞原形: 表示過去將要發(fā)生或很有可能發(fā)生的動作, 常用于口語中, 表示預(yù)言、意圖或者打算等。He was going to start work the following week. 他打算下星期開始工作。3. was/were about to do: 常用來表示即將發(fā)生的動作, “剛要/正要做……”。注意該結(jié)構(gòu)不與任何時間狀語連用。I felt that something terrible was about to happen. 我感到某種可怕的事情即將發(fā)生。4.was/were to do: 表示“曾計劃做某事”, 如果表示“本來計劃做某事, 動作沒實現(xiàn)”, 則需用 “was/were to have done”。She said she was to have told me about the accident. 她說她本來想告訴我關(guān)于事故的事。5.Start, go, come, leave, see, meet等動詞的過去進行時: 表示就過去某一時刻而言即將發(fā)生的動作。She was coming later. 她隨后就來。I had just put on my overcoat and was leaving to visit a friend of mine. 我剛穿上外套要去看我的一個朋友。

Everybody wants to get wealth.In today’s material world,making money or becoming wealthy symbolizes a person’s success and capability. Many people just make every effort, pay any price to attain greater wealth. With money,they can buy nice, large apartments in nice neighborhood. With money they can own luxurious cars. Wealth seems to bring all happiness in life.But is wealth the only road to happiness? Not really. There are many things in the world, which are beyond the means of money, such as friendship, love, health and knowledge. People are so preoccupied with struggling for money that they have no time or would not take the time to form or maintain friendship. What happiness can they feel living as lonely miserable creatures without love or friends in the world even if they accumulate tremendous wealth?In my opinion, people can’t do anything without money, but money is not everything. What money will bring you depends on your personal belief and goal in life. If you are kind enough to help others, especially the poor, money is a good thing to you. With it, you can do much more for the benefit of people and your country, and it will add to your own happiness. If you want money just for your own needs, you’ll never be satisfied or happy. In a word,you should have money spent for more people. Only then can money be the source of your happiness.Step 8 Homework4 students in a group, one acts Roderick, one Oliver, one servant and the fourth one acts Henry Adams, then listen to the tape, pay more attention to the difference between American English and British English in pronunciation, stress, tone.

有的學(xué)者還指出,要堅持集體主義還必須將集體主義的價值精神與社會主義市場經(jīng)濟的要求結(jié)合起來,批判地繼承計劃經(jīng)濟時代倡導(dǎo)的集體主義,合理地對其進行體系結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)整和內(nèi)容的更新,形成新的集體主義。與傳統(tǒng)的集體主義相比,這種新的集體主義應(yīng)具有如下兩個主要特點。其一,強調(diào)集體的出發(fā)點是為了維護集體成員的正當(dāng)個人利益。傳統(tǒng)的集體主義具有片面強調(diào)集體至上性、絕對性的弊端;新的集體主義必須依據(jù)社會主義市場經(jīng)濟的現(xiàn)實要求,將集體應(yīng)當(dāng)對個人承擔(dān)的義務(wù)加以科學(xué)的闡釋。真正的集體應(yīng)該維護各個集體成員的個人利益,實現(xiàn)組成集體的各個主體的自我價值。這種新型的集體主義是對社會主義市場經(jīng)濟條件下社會關(guān)系的真實反映,既與個人主義有本質(zhì)區(qū)別,也不同于傳統(tǒng)的集體主義。其二,要體現(xiàn)道德要求的先進性與廣泛性的統(tǒng)一。

不可知論是否認人們認識世界或徹底改造世界的可能性的哲學(xué)學(xué)說。此概念首先由英國的赫胥黎(1825—1895)于1869年提出,不可知論的思想在古代就已產(chǎn)生,歐洲近代的主要代表是休謨和康德。其本質(zhì)是把人的感覺看作是主觀和客觀之間的屏障而不是橋梁,不承認在感覺之外有確實可靠的客觀外部世界的存在,不懂得認識過程中本質(zhì)與現(xiàn)象、有限與無限的辯證關(guān)系。對不可知論最有力的駁斥是實踐。有時不可知論一詞也用以專指針對宗教教義而提出的一種學(xué)說,認為上帝是否存在、靈魂是否不朽是不可知的。2.二元論二元論是認為世界有兩個本原的哲學(xué)學(xué)說,與一元論相對立,它把物質(zhì)和意識絕對對立起來,認為物質(zhì)和意識是兩個各自獨立、相互平行發(fā)展著的實體,誰也不產(chǎn)生誰,誰也不決定誰,都是世界的本原。它的觀點是錯誤的:它肯定精神不依賴于物質(zhì)而獨立存在,這本身就是唯心主義的觀點;它雖然承認物質(zhì)是獨立的本原,但在說明物質(zhì)和精神的關(guān)系時,又把精神說成是唯一具有能動性的力量,必然倒向唯心主義。主要代表人物是法國的笛卡兒和德國的康德。

一、知識和技能1.了解鋒面系統(tǒng)、低壓系統(tǒng)、高壓系統(tǒng)的特點2.理解氣旋與反氣旋的形成過程、氣流運動特點,掌握氣旋、反氣旋氣流運動的規(guī)律性3.使學(xué)生掌握氣旋和反氣旋控制下的天氣狀況二、過程和方法1.掌握各天氣系統(tǒng)活動規(guī)律和處在不同天氣系統(tǒng)及其不同部位的天氣特點,利用天氣圖進行天氣形勢分析預(yù)報2.能夠說明這些天氣系統(tǒng)是如何對所到達地區(qū)的天氣產(chǎn)生影響的,能夠結(jié)合當(dāng)?shù)厍闆r分析學(xué)校所在地曾經(jīng)發(fā)生的災(zāi)害性天氣及其影響下的天氣系統(tǒng)3.通過研究氣旋和反氣旋的形成過程,使學(xué)生初步具備研究問題的方法與步驟4.通過對冷鋒與暖鋒天氣系統(tǒng)的對比分析來實現(xiàn)學(xué)生地理綜合分析能力的提高。通過對鋒面氣旋的分析來建立地理空間思維的習(xí)慣三、情感、態(tài)度、價值觀1.通過本節(jié)課學(xué)習(xí),讓學(xué)生懂得學(xué)科學(xué)、愛科學(xué),獻身氣象事業(yè),為“四化”建設(shè)服務(wù)

氣候變化對健康的影響 氣候變化對人體健康的不良影響是不難發(fā)現(xiàn)的:熱浪沖擊頻繁加重可致死亡率及某些疾病、特別是心臟呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病發(fā)病率增加;對氣候變化敏感的傳染性疾病如瘧疾和登革熱的傳播范圍可能增加。極端氣候事件, 如干旱、水災(zāi)、暴風(fēng)雨等, 使死亡率、傷殘率及傳染病疾病率上升, 并增加社會心理壓力。某些媒介疾病的加重也可能與氣候變化有間接的關(guān)系, 如瘧疾是通過蚊子傳播的疾病,氣候變化可能使某些變暖地區(qū)的蚊子數(shù)目增加, 從而加重了瘧疾的發(fā)生。我國1994年瘧疾的發(fā)病率為5.3408/10萬, 居全國法定傳染病的第六位。血吸蟲病的發(fā)展與高溫及灌溉系統(tǒng)的擴增有關(guān)。我國1994年南方12省市血吸蟲病患者的檢出率高達3.67%,不能忽視氣候變化對此的可能影響。還有一些疾病,如睡眠病、登革熱、黑熱病等也有與氣候關(guān)系的報道。另外, CO2、一些空氣污染物如氮氧化物、臭氧等可增加過敏疾患及心臟呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病和死亡。

一、明確課標(biāo)要求1.了解褶皺的概念和褶皺的基本形態(tài);2.了解褶皺山的形成和褶皺山的基本形態(tài)特征;3.能夠在不同的示意圖中識別和判讀背斜與向斜;4.知道和理解斷層的概念和斷塊山的形成,了解斷塊山的基本形態(tài)特征;5.知道火山的形成、結(jié)構(gòu)和規(guī)模。二、教學(xué)目標(biāo)知識目標(biāo):1.結(jié)合具體圖像,了解褶皺山的形成及基本形態(tài)特征。2.能在示意圖上識別和判斷背斜和向斜。3.理解內(nèi)外力共同作用下形成的“背斜成谷,向斜成山”,并能夠明白其形成的原因。4.能夠結(jié)合實例,理解斷塊山的形成及基本特征。5.知道火山的形成、結(jié)構(gòu)和規(guī)模。過程與方法目標(biāo):1.結(jié)合實例,分析造成地表形態(tài)變化的內(nèi)力、外力因素。2.通過案例,嘗試聯(lián)系實際,培養(yǎng)動手演示、判讀圖像、比較、分析、歸納的能力。

一、知識和技能1.使學(xué)生能夠正確認識太陽的基本特征及其外部結(jié)構(gòu);2.了解太陽能量的來源,理解太陽是地球的主要能量源;3.了解太陽活動(主要是黑子和耀斑)對地球的影響。二、過程和方法1.能通過展示的圖片理解太陽活動增強時會使地球無線電短波通訊受干擾及產(chǎn)生磁暴現(xiàn)象的原因。2.通過對各種資料的觀察以及課前室外的觀測,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生獲取地理信息的能力和分析、判斷、推理等邏輯思維能力三、情感、態(tài)度、價值觀培養(yǎng)學(xué)生樹立正確的人地觀、科學(xué)的宇宙觀,和熱愛科學(xué)勇于探索的精神【教學(xué)重點】1.知道太陽輻射對地球的影響; 2.知道太陽活動對地球的影響;3.太陽的外部結(jié)構(gòu)和能量來源【教學(xué)難點】太陽活動(黑子和耀斑)對地球的影響

從右圖“進出口貿(mào)易占全國的比重”可看出,珠三角地區(qū)的外向型經(jīng)濟特征很明顯,但正在緩慢的發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)變;而長三角地區(qū)的外貿(mào)依存度在10年內(nèi)迅速增長。由此可見,珠三角地區(qū)城市化過程,是伴隨著該地特殊的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展相對自發(fā)地快速推進,缺乏宏觀而理性的規(guī)劃。閱讀通過此閱讀材料,使學(xué)生大致了解以下內(nèi)容深圳作為珠江三角洲地區(qū)迅速城市化的一個典型代表,到目前為止,對其未來發(fā)展道路的構(gòu)想,主要集中在:如何聯(lián)合和依托臨近區(qū)域、聯(lián)合優(yōu)勢資源,擴大發(fā)展空間;如何明確功能,重新定位,合理分工,突出特色?;顒娱L江三角洲地區(qū)城市的協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展1.讀圖4.28,如果按人口規(guī)模>500萬人、100萬~500萬人、50萬~100萬人、20萬~50萬人和<20萬人將城市分為五級的話,分析長江三角洲地區(qū)城市的等級規(guī)模結(jié)構(gòu)是否合理,這對其城市的協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展有何影響?

1.閱讀圖5.16,說明產(chǎn)業(yè)向國外轉(zhuǎn)移對日本經(jīng)濟的不利影響。點撥:圖5.16直觀的顯示了產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移對日本經(jīng)濟的不利影響:形成“產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移出去的多,轉(zhuǎn)移進來的少→國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)投資不足,生產(chǎn)困難→市場萎縮→產(chǎn)業(yè)向外轉(zhuǎn)移,外資不愿進入”的惡性循環(huán)。2.盡管重化工業(yè)的環(huán)境污染比較嚴重,但是卻能為工業(yè)化的發(fā)展提供堅實的基礎(chǔ),因此成為發(fā)達工業(yè)的象征。日本、韓國的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展都經(jīng)歷了由輕工業(yè)(勞動密集型)到重化工業(yè)(資源密集型和資金密集型)到高科技工業(yè)(技術(shù)密集型)的階段。(1)為什么日本、韓國在重點發(fā)展重化工業(yè)之前,要先發(fā)展勞動密集型工業(yè)?點撥:重化工業(yè)的發(fā)展一方面需要有一定的工業(yè)基礎(chǔ)和技術(shù)工人,另一方面需要投入大量的資金,先發(fā)展勞動密集型工業(yè)有利于利用勞動力資源豐富且廉價的優(yōu)勢,積累資金和造就產(chǎn)業(yè)工人。所以,勞動力豐富的發(fā)展中國家或地區(qū)的工業(yè)化往往從優(yōu)先發(fā)展勞動密集型工業(yè)開始。

7、人總是按照自己對周圍世界和人生的理解做事。有人認為命由天定,因而身處困境只是消極等待、逆來順受;有人認為人定勝天,因而在困難面前積極奮爭、不屈不撓。以上材料說明( )A哲學(xué)源于人們對實踐的追問和對世界的思考B世界觀決定方法論,方法論體現(xiàn)著世界觀C哲學(xué)不等于自發(fā)的世界觀D哲學(xué)是關(guān)于世界觀的學(xué)說8、世界觀和方法論的關(guān)系是()A世界觀和方法論相互決定B方法論決定世界觀,世界觀體現(xiàn)方法論 C世界觀決定方法論,方法論體現(xiàn)世界觀 D世界觀和方法論相互影響,相互決定9、下列關(guān)于哲學(xué)、世界觀、具體知識之間聯(lián)系的正確說法是()A哲學(xué)是關(guān)于世界觀和具體知識的統(tǒng)一B哲學(xué)就是科學(xué)的世界觀和具體知識C哲學(xué)是關(guān)于世界觀的學(xué)說,是具體知識的概括和總結(jié)D哲學(xué)決定世界觀,世界觀決定具體知識10、下列對哲學(xué)的認識,不正確的是()A哲學(xué)是關(guān)于世界觀的學(xué)說B哲學(xué)是世界觀和方法論的統(tǒng)一C哲學(xué)是理論化、系統(tǒng)化、科學(xué)化的世界觀D哲學(xué)是對具體知識的概括和總結(jié)

【補充說明】我們這節(jié)課簡要地分析了陸地環(huán)境的三種地域分異規(guī)律。實際上,世界上的任何事物有其一般性,也有它的特 殊性。在地帶性分異規(guī)律的基礎(chǔ)上,陸地環(huán)境因為受到海陸分布、地形 起伏等因素的影響,也會出現(xiàn)一些不規(guī)律的現(xiàn)象,這種現(xiàn)象稱為非地帶性。例如,我們在初中地理中學(xué)過綠洲。還記得什么叫綠洲嗎?再比如,在南美洲的西海岸(太平洋沿岸),有一條狹長的(熱帶)荒漠帶,而缺少熱帶草原帶,熱帶雨林帶主要是分布在赤道以北地區(qū)。這主要是受大的地形起伏的影響。因為南美洲西部是一列高大的安第斯山脈,受其影響,兩邊的氣候狀況不同,所以就出現(xiàn)了分布規(guī)律不同的自然帶,這也是一種非地帶性現(xiàn)象。【總結(jié)】有規(guī)律分布的自然帶構(gòu)成了全球和諧的自然環(huán)境整體。自然帶之間錯綜復(fù)雜的、微妙的要素關(guān)系,有許多是人類還沒有認識到的。因此,人類不能隨意去破壞任何哪怕是極微小的環(huán)節(jié),也許它 帶來的影響會是全球性的。保護全球環(huán)境,人人有責(zé)。

1.根據(jù)下面的圖文資料,說明前蘇聯(lián)墾荒區(qū)土壤風(fēng)蝕的潛在自然背景。并說明人們的生產(chǎn)活動怎樣加劇了這個過程。點撥:對圖2.16的分析,要知道”墾荒地區(qū)”處于亞歐大 陸的中部偏北的地方,雖處于西風(fēng)帶但遠離水汽來源,故降水稀少。從其周邊的內(nèi)陸湖“里海”、“咸?!钡姆植继攸c,可以推斷,這是一個半荒漠向干草原的過渡地帶,是一個生態(tài)環(huán)境比較脆弱的地區(qū),其自然地理狀況必定是寒冷、干旱、大風(fēng)。2.20世紀(jì)60年代中期以來,前蘇聯(lián)在總結(jié)大規(guī)模墾荒經(jīng)驗教訓(xùn)的基礎(chǔ)上,采取了一系列綜合防護措施。仔細分析這些措施,你認為該地區(qū)防治荒漠化(土壤風(fēng)蝕)的主要方向是什么?點撥:要善于將所列四項保護措施逐條進行分析,而后進行歸納,不難找出它們之間的共同的東西,那就是“抗旱、防風(fēng)、保水、保土、保肥”。3.根據(jù)所學(xué)知識,你認為前蘇聯(lián)墾荒區(qū)防治荒漠化的對策與措施可以被我國的哪些地區(qū)所借鑒。
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