
①原因:封建制度的衰落(根本原因)【合作探究】清朝資本主義萌芽緩慢發(fā)展的原因。提示:①封建所有制的束縛。殘酷的封建剝削使農民赤貧如洗,無力購買手工業(yè)品,限制了手工業(yè)產品的銷路。封建地租的剝削率很高,又驅使地主和商人把他們的錢財用于購買土地,影響資本主義手工業(yè)的擴大再生產。②.封建政府的壓制。清政府實行重農抑商的政策,采取了許多妨礙手工業(yè)生產和資本主義萌芽發(fā)展的措施,主要的有:實行閉關政策,嚴格限制海外貿易;在國內廣設關卡,對商品征收重稅;嚴格控制手工業(yè)的生產規(guī)模,如建立受官府控制的行會,制定行規(guī)限制雇工人數(shù)、產品品種、控制原料分配,限制產品銷售的價格和地區(qū)范圍等。②發(fā)展的表現(xiàn):具有資本主義萌芽的部門和地區(qū)增多。(參見教材P10“學思之窗”)

(2)世界需要中國:中國入世后,為全球提供一個誘人的大市場。WTO亟須中國帶來新的生機和平衡。世界需要中國。中國作為世界上最大的發(fā)展中國家,入世后,其巨大的需求潛力將轉化為現(xiàn)實的購買力,為全球提供一個誘人的大市場。目前,與世貿組織成員間的貿易額占我國外貿總額的90%,來華落戶的跨國公司多來自世貿組織成員。世貿組織幾任總干事先后在不同場合表達過相同的意愿:WTO亟須中國帶來新的生機和平衡。2、影響:(1)對世界:促進了世界經濟的發(fā)展,有利于建立完善的世界貿易體系。(2)對中國:對中國經濟發(fā)展有利有弊,但利大于弊。中國加入世貿組織,是機遇也是挑戰(zhàn)。有利:加入世界貿易組織,促進了我國經濟的發(fā)展,進一步完善了社會主義市場經濟體制。

【教學目標】知識目標:理解直線的點斜式方程、斜截式方程、橫截距、縱截距的概念;掌握直線的點斜式方程、斜截式方程的確定.能力目標:通過求解直線的點斜式方程和斜截式方程,培養(yǎng)學生的數(shù)學思維能力與數(shù)形結合的數(shù)學思想.情感目標:通過學習直線的點斜式方程和斜截式方程,體會數(shù)形結合的直觀感受.【教學重點】直線的點斜式方程、斜截式方程的確定.【教學難點】直線的點斜式方程、斜截式方程的確定.

【教學重點】直線的點斜式方程、斜截式方程的確定.【教學難點】直線的點斜式方程、斜截式方程的確定.【教學過程】1、對特殊三角函數(shù)進行鞏固復習;表1 內特殊三角函數(shù)值 不存在圖1 特殊三角形2、鞏固復習直線的傾斜角和斜率相關內容;直線的傾斜角:,;直線的斜率: , ;設點為直線l上的任意兩點,當時,

在當時雅典的公民大會和陪審法庭上,人們常常要發(fā)表意見,要和自己的對手辯論,雅典法庭規(guī)定每個公民須替自己辯護,不許旁人代辯。所以出現(xiàn)了這樣一批專門教授人辯論、演說、修辭的技巧和參政知識的職業(yè)教師。①政治因素:雅典奴隸制民主政治發(fā)展到頂峰,成為希臘政治和文化中心。參與政治生活成為每個公民生活的重要內容②古希臘工商業(yè)發(fā)展,奴隸制經濟繁榮(在廣大奴隸的勞動基礎上,古希臘的經濟迅速發(fā)展起來,為哲學的成長提供了物質條件)——根本原因③人的地位的提高(民主政治制度和每個公民參與政治意識的加強,使人的中心地位日益突出)最后教師強調:提示并強調學生學習時要注意理解“一定的文化是一定社會的政治和經濟在觀念形態(tài)上的反映”。3、代表人物:普羅泰格拉4、研究領域:人和人類社會關注人與人之間的關系、社會組織、風俗習慣和倫理規(guī)范

六、學習效果評價設計1、評價方式:我對學習效果的評價,來自兩個方面。一是教師的教授是否認真、嚴肅、科學;二是學生的學習成果如何,是否達成了事先預設的教學目標,是否在學習過程中有提高的過程。評價的方式有:同伴評價;教師自我評價和反思;學生反饋。2、評價量規(guī):我設置了幾個問題用于課后的教學評價:(1)教學目標是否符合課標要求,是否符合三貼近原則,是否體現(xiàn)學生學習效果的生成性和過程性。(2)學習所用資源是否來自生活實際,是否真實,是否是學生感興趣的問題。(3)教師在課堂教學過程中是否能有效的通過提問和資料的展示分析,引導學生自己生成思考過程,而不是“教師代替學生的思考”。(4)學生參與的廣度和態(tài)度,學生是否提出有意義的觀點和問題。學生的回答是否是實話。

通過列表對比法、歸納法、、多媒體輔助法等教學方法,突破理論性強、不宜理解的“3S”原理與區(qū)別的知識難點。學生更是學會運用圖表方法、高效記憶法、合作學習法等方法學習地理知識,增加學習能力。[幻燈片] “3S技術”的應用:地理信息技術的應用十分廣泛,從實際身旁的社會生產生活,到地理學的區(qū)域地理環(huán)境研究。學生的年齡和認知范圍決定,此部分的案例教學的運用,前者容易接觸到、簡單直觀、易區(qū)分掌握“3S”技術特點和具體應用。而后者涉及地理學科的綜合性和區(qū)域性的特點,難度較大。針對學情特點,我多以前者案例入手學習,以后者案例加以補充。案例:遙感:(1)視頻 專家解說衛(wèi)星遙感受災影象(2)教材 圖1.6 1998年8月28日洞庭湖及荊江地區(qū)衛(wèi)星遙感圖像(3)視頻 2008年5月13日“北京一號”衛(wèi)星提供汶川的災區(qū)遙感圖像(4)教材 閱讀 遙感在農業(yè)方面的應用

讀《環(huán)境污染組圖》思考:造成交通擁擠的原因是什么?有什么危害?(原因:汽車的增加、汽車數(shù)量與道路狀況的比值越來越大造成的。危害:交通阻塞,導致時間和能源的嚴重浪費,影響城市環(huán)境質量。)3.增加就業(yè)困難,失業(yè)人數(shù)增多思考:產生這個問題的原因是什么?(隨著城市化發(fā)展,城市科學技術提高,機器化大生產使勞動者數(shù)量要求降低,城市人口本來就未充分就業(yè),再加上鄉(xiāng)村人口大量涌入,導致失業(yè)人數(shù)增多。)二、解決辦法:(以上海市為例,講解解決的辦法。)1.改善城市環(huán)境:治理河流、控制大氣污染物、大力加強綠化建設為改善城市環(huán)境,上海市全面展開對大氣、河流、噪聲等多方面的治理工作。如蘇州河的治理、降低城市污染物濃度、加強綠化建設,截止1990年,市區(qū)綠化覆蓋率達到20.3%。

一、說教材《我參與 我奉獻》是部編版《道德與法治》五年級下冊第二單元《公共生活靠大家》內容。第二單元旨在引導學生從整體上對個人和公共生活的關系有全面的認識,懂得公共生活的有序和諧需要每個公民共同參與,重在培養(yǎng)學生的公民意識, 法治意識。本課由四個話題組成“友善相待”、“文明有禮”、 “服務社區(qū)”、 “參與公益”,我設計了“服務社區(qū)”、“參與公益”這兩個話題。學情分析現(xiàn)階段,孩子們收聽了很多關于疫情的新聞,在擔心之余,我們看到了更多的感動。廣大的社區(qū)工作者,志愿者舍小家為大家、無私勇敢。是什么力量,讓他們如此的無懼無畏呢?公益這個詞聽起來似乎是那么的遙遠,其實它就在我們的身邊。這節(jié)課就讓孩子們來切切實實的了解到什么是公益,那我們又如何參與到其中。根據(jù)新課標和本課的教學內容與特點,結合學情, 我設定了本課時的教學目標 :1. 能夠積極參與社區(qū)生活,主動承擔社區(qū)事務。2. 多種形式參與公益活動,有效的幫助需要救助的個人和群體,發(fā)揮公益的力量。3. 初步樹立公民的責任意識,培養(yǎng)無私的奉獻精神。4. 為了落實本課時的教學目標,我將教學重難點 設定如下:教學重點:平等友善需要相互理解和尊重;積極參與公益事業(yè),小善匯聚成大愛。教學難點:如何真正讓學生在生活中參與到社會活動中。

教學目標:1、知識與能力:(1)識記:理性、啟蒙運動;伏爾泰、孟德斯鳩、盧梭等偉大的啟蒙思想家及其主張;康德及啟蒙運動的影響;(2)理解啟蒙運動興起的背景,分析啟蒙思想的巨大影響;(3)認識上層建筑對社會發(fā)展的巨大反作用。2、過程與方法:(1)指導學生用表格法掌握啟蒙運動主要代表人物及其思想主張;(2)運用比較法加深對啟蒙思想家觀點共性和個性的認識。(3)運用比較法對比文藝復興和啟蒙運動的異同,說明啟蒙運動對人文主義思想的發(fā)展。3、情感態(tài)度與價值觀:(1)通過本課的學習,讓學生認識到“一定的文化是一定社會的政治和經濟在觀念上和形態(tài)上的反映”;(2)學習啟蒙思想家追求真理的精神,培養(yǎng)學生遠大的理想與抱負;(3)通過法國啟蒙思想產生的巨大影響的分析,使學生認識意識形態(tài)對社會發(fā)展所起的重大作用,從而提高學習理論的自覺性。

Listening and Speaking introduces the topic of “ask about online habits”. Many middle school students have been surfing the Internet for many years, but what they do with the Internet and how much time they spend every day may not be very clear to themselves, nor to other students. This section allows students to investigate their peers' Internet use, which is conducive to their mutual understanding and understanding of the Internet. It can also help them reflect on their own online behavior, learn from other people's good online habits, and get rid of their bad online behavior.The listening text of this section is an investigation interview. The investigators interview specific groups with the same questions to obtain information, so as to understand their views, practices or attitudes on this issue. There are two specific questions: “how much time do you spend online every day? What do you usually do online?”. The answers of the three respondents provide rich and different information, and achieve the purpose of the investigators. The oral discourse structure of survey interviews generally includes greeting and explaining the purpose of the interview, presenting the interview questions and the respondents' answers. Listening and Talking introduces the theme of “choosing the right application ". Listening text is a conversation between Laura and Xiao Bo. In this part of listening, “oink”; “piggy bank” may cause the students' hearing comprehension limitation. Oink refers to sound word and pig's sound. So, add some oink to my piggy bank is often used to describe "making a little money".1. Guide students to understand the content of listening texts in terms of listening for definitions.2. Cultivate students' ability to define words and understand an investigation interview.

Paragraph 3. Jan decided to start an IT club to teach old people how to use computers and the Internet. Paragraph 4. Jan has started taking online classes to learn more about how to use the Internet to make society better. Paragraph 5. Jan’s life has been greatly improved by the Internet. Step 5: Critical thinking:(1)How do you arrange your time spent on study and the Internet? Is it reasonable? I usually surf the Internet using my mobile phone for only an hour after class, and it is reasonable for me.(2)What are your online activities? Are they safe? I chat with my friends, read news and play games. I never give away my private information so I think they are safe.Step 4: summary Much has been written about the wonders of the World Wide Web. There are countless articles (1)______(tell) us how the Internet has made our lives more convenient. But the Internet has done a lot (2)_____(much) for people than simply make life more convenient. People’s lives (3) _________________(change) by online communities and social networks so far. Take Jan for example, who developed a serious illness that made her (4)_____(stick) at home with only her computer to keep (5)___(she) company. She joined an online group (6)______ she could share problems, support and advice with others. She considered the ability to remove the distance between people as one of the greatest (7)_______(benefit). She was so inspired (8)____ she started an IT club in which many people have been helped. She has started to learn more about how to use the Internet to make society better. Her next goal is to start a charity website to raise money (9)___ children in poor countries. Jan’s life has been (10)______(great) improved by the Internet. Step 5 Homework:Review what we have learned and find out the key language points in the text.

⑦identity theft 身份盜竊⑧chat room 聊天室⑨draft your blog post 起草博客帖子⑩post embarrassing photos 張貼尷尬照片 【話題句式】 1. How do you stay safe online and avoid bad experiences on the Internet? 你如何在網(wǎng)上保持安全, 避免在網(wǎng)上的不良經歷? 2. I’m not an expert, but many years as a blogger have taught me a thing or two. 我不是專家, 但作為一個博主, 我已經學了好幾年了。 3. If you see or read something that makes you feel uncomfortable, leave the site immediately. 如果你看到或讀到一些讓你覺得不舒服的東西, 立即離開這個網(wǎng)站。4. Don’t give out your address or phone number. 別告訴別人你的地址或電話號碼。 5. Identity theft is a common and serious problem. 身份盜竊是一個常見而嚴重的問題。6. Being online is no excuse for being rude, and you don’t want to become a target for a troll or cyberbully. 上網(wǎng)并不是無禮的借口, 你也不想成為發(fā)挑釁帖子的人或網(wǎng)絡惡霸的目標。 7. Trolls often use several false names so that they can stay on a site. 發(fā)挑釁帖子的人經常使用幾個假名, 這樣他們就可以留在一個網(wǎng)站上。8. However, the more polite you are, the less likely it is you will be attacked. 然而, 你越有禮貌, 你被攻擊的可能性就越小。

This teaching period mainly deals with grammar “The Present Perfect Passive Voice.” To begin with, teachers should lead students to revise what they have learned about the Present Perfect Passive Voice. And then, teachers move on to stress more special cases concerning this grammar。This period carries considerable significance to the cultivation of students’ writing competence and lays a solid foundation for the basic appreciation of language beauty. The teacher is expected to enable students to master this period thoroughly and consolidate the knowledge by doing some exercises. 1. Guide students to review the basic usages of the Present Perfect Passive Voice2. Lead students to learn to use some special cases concerning the Present Perfect Passive Voice flexibly.2. Enable students to use the basic phrases structures flexibly.3. Strengthen students’ great interest in grammar learning.1. Help students to appreciate the function of the Present Perfect Passive Voice in a sentence2. Instruct students to write essays using the proper the Present Perfect Passive Voice.觀察下列句子特點,總結共同點。1.(教材P28)Much has been written about the wonders of the World Wide Web.2.(教材P28)But the Internet has done much more for people than simply make life more convenient.3.(教材P28)Many people have been helped by the club.4.(教材P28)She no longer feels lonely, and her company has become quite successful.5.(教材P32)Today I thought I’d blog about a question that has been asked many times—how do you stay safe online and avoid bad experiences on the Internet?

This unit is about the Internet, which has a great influence to our humans and our lives. During the Listening & Speaking & Talking and Reading and Thinking section, the influence in examples has been shown. Thus, use the Present Perfect Tense is appropriate. However, in order to show the justice or weaken the doer of the behavior/action, it’s better to use the Present Perfect Passive Voice than the Present Perfect Tense. Besides, having learned to use the Present Perfect Passive Voice, students can beautify their language in their writing. 1. Learn the structure of the Present Perfect Passive Voice and its functions. 2. Learn to change the sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice into the sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice. 3. Learn to write sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice flexibly according to the context. 1. Learn the structure of the Present Perfect Passive Voice and its functions. 2. Learn to change the sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice into the sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice. 3. Learn to write sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice flexibly according to the context. Step 1 Observe the following sentences, then change the sentences into passive voice.He has been selected to take part in the sports meeting.(肯定句)他已被挑選出來參加運動會。The ink has not been removed from his overcoat.(否定句)墨跡還沒有從他外套上去掉。

From the pictures in the text and the title--- choose the best app, we can know that this part is about how to save money by using apps.Step 2 While-listening1. Laura and Xiao Bo are talking about apps. Listen to their conversation and find out what apps they want.Xiao Bo is looking for a(n) exercise app to help him get in shape.Laura would like an app for getting rich and another that will make her grades better.2. Listen again. Are the sentences true T or false F?1). Both of Xiao Bo's apps keep track of the steps he takes._____2). Xiao Bo's second app can help him make a fitness plan._____3). Laura needs an app that will help her get discounts.______4). Laura needs an app that will add money to her bank account._______F T F T3. Listen once more and tick the sentence you hear. Underline the words used to express predictions, guesses, and beliefs.Predictions, Guesses, and Beliefs________It might help me walk more.________My guess is that it wouldn't work.________I imagine this app would help me get fit faster________I suppose that would be good.________I guess you could save a little with this app.________I suppose there would be some problems, too.________I believe this app could help me get thinner.

Q5:What's Jan's next goal?Her next goal is to start a charity website to raise money for children in poor countries.Q6:What can we learn from her experiences?We learn that when we go through tough times, we can find help and support from other people online. We learn that we can feel less lonelyStep 5: While reading---rethinkingQ1: What is Jan’s attitude to the Internet ?Thankful/Grateful, because it has changed her and her life.Q2: What writing skills is used in the article ?Examples(Jan’s example, the 59-year-old man’s and the 61-year-old woman’s example)Q3: Can you get the main idea of the article ?The Internet has changed Jan’s life/Jan’s life has been changed by the Internet.Step 6 Post reading---Retell the storyMuch has been written about the wonders of the World Wide Web. There are countless articles (1)telling(tell) us how the Internet has made our lives more convenient. But the Internet has done a lot (2)more(much) for people than simply make life more convenient. People’s lives (3) have been changed(change) by online communities and social networks so far. Take Jan for example, who developed a serious illness that made her (4)stuck(stick) at home with only her computer to keep (5)her(she) company. She joined an online group (6)where she could share problems, support and advice with others. She considered the ability to remove the distance between people as one of the greatest (7)benefits(benefit). She was so inspired (8)that she started an IT club in which many people have been helped. She has started to learn more about how to use the Internet to make society better. Her next goal is to start a charity website to raise money (9)for children in poor countries. Jan’s life has been (10)greatly(great) improved by the Internet.

8. However, the more polite you are, the less likely it is you will be attacked. 然而, 你越有禮貌, 你被攻擊的可能性就越小。 Step 8 Writing---the articleHow to stay safe in the online chat roomToday I thought I’d blog about a question that has been asked many times--- how do you stay safe online and avoid bad experiences in the online chat room ? I’m not an expert, but many years as a blogger have taught me a thing or two.First of all, there’s the golden rule of the Internet: keep out of what makes you uneasy. Don’t post comments or click on anything. Second, protect your privacy. Don’t give out too much private information like your address, phone numbers, the ID numbers, etc. Third, be polite. If you are polite to others on the Internet, you won’t be attacked in normal situation. Finally, don’t believe in others easily and never meet someone you met online alone. It is very dangerous.Have you had any bad experiences online, or do you have some good advice for staying safe? Post your comments below!Step 9 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1. Does the writer tell the reader what he/she know about the topic ?2. Are the tips and suggestions well organised ?3. Has the writer defined the new words ?4. Does the author include examples, comparison, or explanations ?5. Does the writer end by asking readers to leave comments and/or suggestions ?6. Can you find any grammar or spelling mistakes.Step 6 HomeworkPut up your revised draft in the classroom or read it to your class.

(2)由來:《黃帝內經》是我國古典醫(yī)籍中現(xiàn)存最早的一部醫(yī)學,在整個中醫(yī)的發(fā)展過程起著重要的作用。該書中闡述的理論,一直以來指導著整個中醫(yī)學術的發(fā)展,是學習中醫(yī)不可缺少的一部經典讀物,也是現(xiàn)代中醫(yī)院學生學習中醫(yī)時必讀的醫(yī)書。顧名思義,“內經”是講內科方面的疾病,據(jù)《隋書.藝文志》記載,除了有《黃帝內經》外,還有一本《黃帝外經》。這兩本書是姊妹篇??磥恚饵S帝內經》是針對《黃帝外經》說的。2、《傷寒雜病論》:集大成的中醫(yī)專著、“萬世寶典”(1)作者:東漢張仲景(2)內容:全書分為“傷寒”和“雜病”兩大部分,(3)地位:創(chuàng)造性地提出辯證施治的方法,奠定了后世中醫(yī)臨床學的理論基礎,被后世醫(yī)家譽為“萬世寶典”。3、《本草綱目》:“東方藥物巨典”(1)作者:明朝李時珍(2)內容:記錄各類藥物1892種、藥方一萬多個,還繪制了一千多幅藥物形態(tài)圖。(3)地位:這部重要的中藥學著作,是對16世紀以前中藥學的系統(tǒng)總結,被稱為“東方藥物寶典”。

【教學重點】怎樣弘揚和培育中華民族精神?!窘虒W策略】(1)通過引導學生學習和探討,使學生在解決實際問題的過程中了解弘揚和培育民族精神,最重要的是發(fā)揮“主心骨”的作用;必須繼承和發(fā)揚中華民族的優(yōu)良傳統(tǒng);必須正確對待外來思想文化的影響;必須與弘揚時代精神相結合。以愛國主義為核心的民族精神和以改革創(chuàng)新為核心的時代精神,相輔相成,相互支撐,統(tǒng)一于建設中國特色社會主義的偉大實踐。(2)通過踐行體驗,結合美國傳媒對世界的巨大影響以及不同國家強化民族精神教育的事例,引導學生體會和感悟民族精神對于一個國家、一個民族的生存和發(fā)展的重要性,理解我國當前弘揚和培育民族精神的重要意義;回顧歷史經驗教訓,體會和思考我們應該弘揚和培育什么樣的民族精神;面對世界范圍各種思想文化相互激蕩,體會和思考我們應如何弘揚和培育民族精神?!咎骄恐笇А靠煞秩齻€步驟進行。
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